DEF

Communication is the
process of exchanging or
passing of information, ideas
or
thoughts from one person
tO the other in
way.
a
meaningful
Cession 1:WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ? A.5

1.3 Elements ot Communication

Communication cannot happen if there is only one person. It takes at least two people or

parties to make some communication ; so the elements of communication can be

(i)A Sender or Messenger. The one who initiates the communication

(i) Ideas/information/message being sent. The idea being conveyed

the required medium
(ii) Encoding. Converting a message into the form suitable for
(verbally or in visual, written or electronic form)
communication is taking place through
(iv) Communication channel. Through which
-

email the lntermet etc.

through some paper or social media or over
the environment or

A receiver recipient. The target audience for the communication

(o) or

in form understandable by the receiver

(vi) Decoding. Converting the received message
a

successfully received or not

Feedback. Response to convey if the message is
(vi)
elements of communication.
Figure 1.1 illustrates the
commun

unication
A.6
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-I
Figure 1.2 lists various factors and barriers of communication.

Cultural Barriers Physical and Environmental

When different cultures prevent
Anything that prevents you from
you from communicating
receiving or understanding the
effectively with someone else. messages etc. of others.
Different Beliefs Noisee Visual perception
Different Cultural Meanings Climate Medium
Interpersonal Barriers Perceptual Barriers
Not reaching out to each other which
When you perceive a situation
prevent you from
communicatin9 to the person you are differently
effectively. communicating
due to different factors.
with
Not asking the correct questions Barriers to Prejudice
etc.
Communication
If one
person has no desire to
Different Life experiences
participate or communicate with
the other or others
DifferentOrigins

Gender Barriers Emotional/Personal

When men and women cannot
Barriers Language Barriers
communicate as effectively. Mental walls thatprevent people
from openly communicating their Difficulty communicating with
people who speak a different
DifferentAttitudes thoughts and feelings to others.
DifferentValues
language
Attitude/Pride Feelings Different Languages
Mood/Anger @Different Accents
DEF
Verbal communication is a type
of oral communication wherein
the message is Conveyed through
spoken words. The sender may:
in the form of
ot:
Communicate
speeches, discusSions
presentations, and conversations.
 .
Listening
Attention
Reliability

Language wwwww.Www.w***wwwwwwYwwww.w*****wwww
Clear speech
Fluency Verbal Rightwords
Avoid Communication Clear speech
abbreviations Volumne

Comprehension
Assessment
Context

Figure 2.1 Components of verbal communication

 Public Small group
Communication Communication
Types of
Verbal Communication
******"***** ****** ************ ************** *******%

Intrapersonal Interpersonal
communication communication

Figure 2.2 Types of verbal communication

UNIT I: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

 Call

Communication
2.2.1C Advantoges of Verbal
The verbal communication offers these advantages

Conveyng our messages is easy and quick.

and immediate.
The response you get from the audience is quick
I t promotes a secure exchange of ideas.
You can keep updating your speech according to the response you get from the audience

It is a cheaper way of communication; it saves money.

I f appropriately communicated, it can have a powerful effect on the listeners.
2.2.1D Disodvantoges of Verbal Communication
However, there are some disadvantages too, that we see with verbal communication
The lingual and cultural differences of the speaker and the listener(s) may result in
miscommunication.
Ithas no legal validity and is not suitable for lengthy
messages.
If we use confusing and complicated words, it be difficult to
may comprehend.
2.2 Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication is the form of
sounds to convey our communication, which does not use any words or
messages; instead, our
movements, gestures, and general behaviour body language, facial expressions, hand
send our message.
communication include a smile, a Examples of non-verbal
forth. It also includes wink, or a wave and
soo

unintentional), which we messages (intentional or DEF.

uaa uaaauas

behaviour. For example,

express
through non-verbal
you are
upset about Non-verbal communication is
even if you do not
say anything about something; the process of
tell that you are it, your mother can sending and
upset. receiving messages without using
2A Components of words (either spoken or written).
Non-Verbal Communicatinn
2.2.2A Components of Non-Verbal Communication
Since, words and speech play no role in non-verbal communication; they convey
meaning through non-vocal clements.
So, the constituents of non-verbal communication are
) Body Language. Your body has its own language and it conveys messages, e.g., v
you stand up tall and straight, you send a message of self-assurance, authority and ene
Similarly, a lowered head or drooping shoulders convey insecurity or lack of confidence
(i1) Facial Expressions.)Each of the seven basic human emotions (anger, contempt, diss
fear, Thappiness, sadness, and surprise) has a certain facial expression associated with
Imagine the mismatched message when a fearful pensive face describes the life-enrich
benefits of a new healthcare product. So, you should be aware of what
your face is revealing
theobservers, and choose the expression that matches your intended message.
Thus, the facial expressions must match the message you are trying to
convey and should r=
contradict it.
 2:
Session 2 : VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL METHODS OF COMMUNICATION A.13

(ii) Hand Movements (gestures). A gesture is any

physical movement that helps express
an idea, opinion emotion. Yourhand movements must
or

Avoid common distracting mannerisms such as

genuinely match your message.
finger-pointing,
playing with your hair, wringing hands, and twisting a ring etc.
fidgeting, scratching, tapping
(iv) Proximity of Position. Proximity is all about a person's positioning and their space in
relation to others. In non-verbal communication, proximity is a very important factor as it has
big impact on communication.

There are
proxinnity zones around each person
(a) Intinmate Zone. This is about 15 to 45 cm's (6 to 18 inches). The Intimate Zone is only
reserved for a selected few people, including parents, partners, children, family and
very close friends. Anyone who is not meant to be in the Intimate Zone and enters it
will cause physiological changes (such as increased heart rate) in our body as we will
feel threatened.
(b) Friend Zone. This is about 45 cms to 1.2 meters (18 to 46inches). This is the distarnce
that we reserve for friends, relatives, friendly interactions, etc.
(c) Social Zone. About 1.2 to 3.5 meters (4 to 12 feet). -This zone is reserved for strangers
we just met, acquaintances and anyone we interact with that we haven't establisheda
relationship with.
(d) Audience Zone. This is anything over 3.5 meters (12 feet) and is used to address an
audience or large group of people, such as when playing Charades.

(o) Eye contact. Èye contact is a primary tool for establishing nonverbal connections with
others. However, Ionger duration (more than 3-4 seconds) may be termed as staring and
shorter duration (one second or less) may be termed as eye dart, which affects the commu-
nication negatively as it conveys insecurity, anxiety or evasion. So, in gatherings like meetings
etc., the right amount of eye contact is troo-to-thre-seconds with a person, and then establish
eye contact with the next person.

(0i) Appropriate voice tone (Para

language). JSame words said in different
tones convey different meanings. Separate
from the actual words used, the nonverbal Voice tone

elements of your voice include voice tone, Proximity of Eye contact

position
pacing, pausing, volume, inflection, pitch
and articulation. These non-verbal Non-verbal
communication
elements are critical because these convey
attitude and impact.
emotional meanings, Gestures
Face
expression
another
(vii) Touch. Touch is
Body
important non-verbal e.g., a mother
cue, language
holds her crying baby and this touch
warm
soothes the baby. Similarly, a

handshake conveys respectful welcome; a

Figure 2.3 Components of
pat by teacher or coach conveys happiness
non-verbal communication
and pride, and so on.
 in
A.14 California
in Los Angeles
of
of the University
c o m m u n i c a t i o n

Mehrabian non-verbal
Prof. Albert communication,
conveys 38 55%
that in personal
communication

1970s proved 93% while

verbal Bice body
as it conveys with is: tone language
is very important percentage
he came up
7%. The exact breakup
only communication (words)
7% verbal
Non-verbal communication

38% tone of voice

x55% body language

Communicalion
Non-Verbal
2.2.2B Advontages of
communication offers these advantages:
Thenon-verbal
Non-verbal cues are easy togive.
non-verbal communication.
T i m e is usually not wasted in the messages are conveyed
non-verbal cues because
Even illiterate people can pick up
through expressions and the body language.

2.2.2C Disadvantages of Non-Verbal Communication

the non-verbal communication also has some
Like other forms of communication,
disadvantages
P Long and detailed messages cannot be communicated non-verbally.
A I n this type of communication, speakers only use gestures, facial expressions, eye contact,
R and touch. It might become difficult for some people to understand.

A heck Point
1. Which type of communication uses letters and words to
express the language we speak ?
(a) Visual (6) Verbal (c) Written (d) Nonverbal
2. Which of the following is NOT classified as nonverbal communication ?
(a) Signs (b) Eye contact
(c) Body language (d) Gestures
3. What percentage of communication is believed to be delivered by way of the body language?
(a) 7% (b) 55% (C) 38% (d) 18%
4. How much of any given message is transmitted
by the specific words used?
(a) 38% (b) 18% (c) 55% (d) 7%
5. In Intimate zone, a
person will not allow which of the
following?
(a) Mother (b) Father
c)Sibling (d) Teacher
6. A person meets a stranger. Which of the
following prOximity zones will that
(a) Intimate zone stranger be in?
(b) Social zone
(c) Audience zone
(d) Friend zone
7. Which of the following is not an
example of verbal communication ?
(a) Speech (b) Discussion
(c) Conversation (d) Smile
 EF

B
Visual communication is a
type of communication in
which the messages are

Conveyed through pictures,

Visual communication is a type of communication where
signboards, logos etc., i.e.,
messages are conveyed through pictures, signboards, logos through any visual mediun.
etc., i.e., through any visual medium. In this session, you
shall learn about this type of communication.

3.2.1 Components of Visual Communication

There are certain elements that contribute together to make visual communication possible.
i) Objects. Objects are useful for demonstrating some action. Ina
airplanes too, you must have seen that to demonstrate security
instructions, air hostesses often use some objects such as an oxygen
mask and so forth.
Objects are used mainly for demonstration purposes.

A.17
 NOLDG-
A. 18 or
of a system
demonstrate working see
To often
(i) Models. used. For
example, you construction
models a r e
object, their big
create a
3D model of
architects

projects. a picture is
actual situations,
Pictures. To depict the
(11) how much damage
to show
the best nmedium, e,g., a r e the
best way.
tsunami caused, pictures
floods or the of a war
and impact
to show the challenges medium.
Similarly,
would the best possible
trodden country, pictures
of s o m e concepts, the best
best way is to
To explain working
(iv) Drazwings/1llustrations. would be to use use
cycle, the best way
a

illustration eg., to
the water
explain wing or an
illustration.

The water cycle

Condensation

Transpiration Precipitation
P P
A A Evaporation
R R
T

AA Percolation

(o) Graphs. When someone has to make decisions

relationship of data is based bulk of related data, then e
on
out from the
depicted through graphs/charts. For example, it is
following graph that blue
eyes see the best in dark as
very easy to mas
green eyes. compared to Drow
Which eye color sees
100% best in the
light and dark?

Light
75 % Dark

50%

25%

O%
ofeen
Brown
Eye color Blue

(uil Maps. Maps are the

most
geographical details of common way to
place or location
a

rainfalls, produce, population etc. such as depict

terrains,
 ion 3: VISUAL AND WRITTEN METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
Session
A.19

(vi) Signboards. Çity corporations and other governing

bodies often communicate about some important place or
mark using signboards e.g, signboards, traffic signals etc.
(vii) Instructional symbols/icons. These days, nearly
A
each one ofus uses a smartphone. To open an app, you just
tap on its icon, which is also a way of visual communication.
Similarly, when you play an audio /video you see signs for
pause, play and stop-another way ofvisual communication.
(ix) Logos. primary purpose of logos is to identify associated brands. Logos are also
The
consider the
leveraged to communicate important brand messages and values. For example,
two logos shown below:
FedEx isa courier service company of world repute. The hidden arrow
in FedEx logo conveys that the company delivers its services to the
FedEx
customers speedily. Fedesx
Anazon is world's biggest online store. In its logo, there is an arrow
is amazon.com
connecting letters 'a' and 'z. By connecting these letters, the message
that the online shopping site has everything for the consumers. a Z
3.2.2 Advantage Disadvantages of Visual Communication
and
below
Visual communication offers many Advantages as listed
It's Immediate. Its message gets delivered immediately.
(i)
to Remember. visual tool does not require a
Understanding a
(ii) It's Simple and Easy
it is easy to remember and recall.
specialized education or training. Also,
from all
is able to communicate with people
(ii) It's Universal. Visual medium to
makes
backgrounds who speak other languages. A simple smiling emoji sense

the world, even those who are illiterate.

people from all over

with visual communication.

However, there are some Disadvantages too that are associated
These are
in
() Visual media can't Handle Complex Data. Not everything can be expressed
data and relationships are difticult to portray
image especially depicting complex
visually.
It's Culturally Ambiguous. sign may
A visual deliver contradictory nmessage in
(it) different cultural backgrounds. For example, thumbs up sign might be a great thing
be offensive to people in China.
in America, but might
Costs. It takes time and money to produce visual media whether printing,
(iii) Increased
or projecting them.
producing

3.3 Written Communicaftion

written words is called Written Communication. Both written
and
Communicating through
be thoughtsof as types of verbal communication BUT written
oral communication can
communication is often more formal way of communication and thus is used for documenting

purposes.

UNIT1 COMMUNICATION SkLS

 A.20 should
C o m m u n i c a f i o n

form,
the write-up be effective
Written written choice
of
3.3.
Components in the Intended
fopic, careful words,
effectively
of the of sentenc.
ices.
: clarity
c o m m u n i c a t e
conmposition

ln o r d e r
to
in mind things
like
and
cohesive

that complete iit. Also. an

rormed,
keeping sentence
formation, and
Summary

words in introduction

organization of has a proper

article
written
elfectively article effer:.
written
make a
Effective Articles
which
of below
is
Parameters

think of the "Five

C's" given
well your
content
organized

next, or within
or do the
the
You can
refers to how one to the next,
C O H E R E N C E .
Coherence

paragraphs
flow
logically,
way?
opics
Do the jumbled
ideas in
overall. a
article paragraph
written
seem to jump
between

ideas
within a single One idea
ot p a r a g r a p h s flow of have work to make
refers to the should not
Cohesion
C O H E S I O N .

another;
the reader(s)
follow
should logically #h
the sentences.
been able to discuss
connections
between
the writer has oints
Concision refers to how briefly details.
CONCISION. redundant
or verbs and objects - have
without including
unnecessary
the subjects,
the words
-

to how clearly
CLARITY. Clarity refers
within
sentences
and paragraphs.
writer's ideas as well as the grammatical
supported the factual
correctness

to the only refers to

Correctness refers the factual correctness
of creative work,
CORRECTNESS.

article. In c a s e ers sto

writing, it refers
pP
A'
correctness of the
of writer's ideas but in
t e c h n i c a l / s c i e n t i f i c / f a c t u a l

A clear representation
R c o r r e c t n e s s of
actual fact represented. |
R
T T Communication
Components of Written (a) Structure (b) Style (c) Content
writtern article:
AA Basically, there a r e
three components
structure
of a
refers to the way
content is presented. The structure

The Structure. The of the writer get

(a) is served, i.e., thoughts
of the communication
should be such that the purpose a paragraph
should talk about
easily and correctly. Ideally,
conveyed to the reader(s) clearly, should the Also, paragraphs should
not be too
if the idea changes, so paragraph.
o n e idea
-

long o r too short.

to how the content is represented. NOTE
(b) The Style. It refers
the sentences should be simple, short and electroniC
Ideally, Modern age's
straightforward. The style also depends on what type of communication (email, blogs,
article it is, e.g., a leaflet has a very few words or information websites etc.)
falls under

as compared to a publication. Written

communication that also
uses visual communication.
(c) The Content. The content should be written keeping
in mind the readers/audience (their age, background,
ethnicity and the message intended). A good article avoids
jargons and does not use technical terms unless it is
necessary to convey some important piece of information. NOTE communication
IS d

Written
of Wriften Communication formal way of commu
3.3.2 Advantages more

nication and it is mostly usE

The advantages offered of written communication are:
n professional and business
( It is a permanent means of communication. It is communication.

useful where record maintenance is

required.
eg on 3: VISUAL AND WRITTEN METHODS OF COMMUNICATION A.21

(1) Written communication is more precise and explicit.

(ii1) provides ready records and references.
It
communication as it provides valid records.
(i0) Legal defenses can depend upon written

.3.3 Disadvantages of Written Communication

communication too. These are :
There are certain disadvantages to written
in terms of stationery
is comparatively costly. It
costs more
Written communication
(1) in writing/typing and delivering letters.
and the manpower employed are at a far
receivers of the written message
not possible. If the
(ii) Instant clarification is the article, immediate response is
not
doubts about
and need to clear s o m e cleared or it may not
be
away place before the doubt is
There will be s o m e time delay
possible.
cleared at all. time-consuming as
it takes
is comparatively
Written
communication
takes time.
Time Consuming. and of the message
sending
(111) the encoding
m o r e time to
write than speak. Also, burden is involved with written
work and typing
Additional Work load. More paper
10)
Communication.

heck Point ion channel ?

 K

DEF
Self-management is the ability t
regulate one's emotions, thoughts,
and behaviours and taking charge of
all aspects of life atphysical, mental,
and
:emotional, social, spiritual
professional levels.
ession
1: WHAT
IS SELF-MANAGEMENT ? A.55
Impact ot Selt-Management
1.3
Self-management helps us to act intentionally (i.e., with control over emotions) rather than
reactively (i.e., reacting impulsively to a situation). It enables us to become aware of what
makes us tick, thereby helping us to take advantage of our emotions and becoming more
productive.
People, who practice self-management, are more organised in life and work, which means

they prioritise and plan their things, and are more prepared for the seen/ unseen situations in
life as well as work. They take responsibility and ownership of their actions. These traits make
them more desirable and dependable in all areas of their life and work
In short, self-management impacts us in the form of these
- It helps us have control over negative emotions, behaviours and habits.
- It helps us have control over our actions so that we do not act in impulse and develop
good habits.
-
It helps us to be organised.
- It helps us take ownership of our efforts, actions and work.
-
It helps us to take up challenges and achieve our goals. )

14 Self-Management Skills

Self-management is not person is born with; it is a set of skills that can be

a talent that a
to control
acquired by anybody by putting time and efforts to learn. It is all about our ability
our feelings, emotions and actions. These are some most important and challenging to learn
abilities in our personal, as well as our professional lives but, have the power to remarkably
change almost every aspect of our life

Stress Management Self-Motivation Problem Solving, Goal Setting Personal Hygiene

exercise your body find and list your motives and Time Management Skills and Grooming
(needs and desires); -understand the problem Healthy eating and physical
-enjoy yourself, rest yourself
as
regularly as possible; find different sources of -set and prioritize your goals activities are extremely
go to vacations and holidays motivation and inspiration important when it comes
-create a schedule;
with the people you (music, books, activities); to increasing your mind
love make lists of tasks;
take walks in nature; - think expansive thoughts and body power
use different optimization tools
do hobbies live fully in the present moment;
break large tasks into
dare to have big dreams;
smaller tasks
dream often-every day;
remember that nothing Self-Confidence
Self-Awareness Is impossible Trusting your abilities, qualities
Knowing your own feelings, judgement and intuition
emotions and character
Self-Management get rid of the negative thoughts
in your head;
Self-Commitment Self-Control
A promise or pledge to do The ability to restrain Self-Regulation think positively:
Setting standards or rules on
Something and take action yourself in difficult yourself which you stick to
situations be happy with small things;
-do not forget to tell yourself that
Teamwork Positive Thinking
you are smart and inteligent;
Ability to work collaboratively with a
groupP Attitude to focus upon good in
Of
people to achieve a common goal all types of situations -chat with positive people

Figure 1.1 Self-management Skillc

A.56 e MancgeminS
SlL INFORMATION TECHNOLOG

include many but mainly the following

The set of self-management skills
Self-awareness - knowing and understanding oneselt, own emotions, feelings ete

Self-confidence and self-belief - trusting own abilities, own judgements etc.

Self-motivation - to dream big and to achieve them etc.

Self-regulation setting standards such as being a Team player, Trustworthiness etc.

-

Self-control restraining self in provoking situations; control over emotions etc.

-

Personal Hygiene and Grooming

-

taking care of oneself, eating right, working fa

-

physical and mental fitness etc.

-
Time management organizing selt, prioritising tasks and managing time.
-

Stress management personal -

grooming that includes personal hygiene, dressing rig

(dressing for the occasion, being presentable), taking proper breaks,
proper relaxati0=
vacationing etc.
Problem Solving and Goal
and
Setting -

understanding a
problem and setting short-ter
long-term goals to solve it.
Positive thinking
having an attitude of focusing
-
-

on good ingood or bad situations.

Teamwork - having ability to work
a shared goal. collaboratively with a
group of people to accompliS

heck Point
 A.61

DEF
Abilities are the natural
strengths that come easily to:
you without making special
efforts

DEF.
The interests are the
activities that you enjoy
doing these gives you:
satistaction.
DEF
Information and Communications
Technology (ICT), is a general termthat
Combines communications technology
(telephone lines and wireless
signals):
and information technology (hardware,
Software, middleware, storage, and
and
audio-visual systens, Tnternet etc.).
 1: ICT AND ITS IMPACT A.83
sion
So, we can say that in our personal lives, ICT has impacted
Our daily chores Our entertainment options
Our connectivity Our shopping styles
Booking appointment with doctor Our communication methods
And many more.
ICT skills needed at home are
Operating modern machines

Using Internet
Using connectivity software like video conferencing
Using various types of social media etc.
Making digital payments
T's Impaci on Our Work Lives
ICT has hugely impacted our work lives too. You can now use ICT to manage a business, store
and process data, and present information to clients/colleagues, and so on. 1CT has made
decision-making much easier and faster by processing the data available.
ICT has made the entire world as a global market as now reach to any corner of the world is
possible. Thus, nowadays, we can see an artisan from a small village, selling his/her work
online - all thanks to ICT.

So we can
say that in work lives, ICT has
our
impacted :

decision-making capabilities data availability

reach to any corner of the world is possible better presentation tools
better connectivity of businesses to other businesses and clients etc.
ICT skills needed at
workplace are

Creating various types of documents such as text documents, spreadsheets, presentation etc.
Using Internet for searching
Sending/receiving emails
Using connectivity software like video conferencing
Using various specialized software
And many more

24 ICT in our
Daily Life
AS a 21st
century child, you can identify with many things which were alien to us when
we
Were your age. Consider the following image, which shows six ditferent
scenes and I am sure
nat you must have identified what the scenes are
about.
Scene 1 shows online multiplayer
gaming
Scene 2 is about online
payment
Scene 3 mentions about online
Scene 4 is about video
shopping
conferencing
Scene 5 is
about media sharing
Scene 6 is about simultaneous use of different technologies to broadcast, wehcan
 IMPACT
1: ICT AND ITS A.85
Session

15 ICT Tools
ICT tools are devices or objects used in information and communication technology, eg.,
computer, cell phones, Internet, email, video conferencing, software, radio, television, laptop, tablet etc.
used ICT tools
Some commonly are

)Computers and Laptops. These are the electronic devices that have a specific processor
and that work as per programs and software loaded on them. While the term computer
refers to a desktop computer, laptop refers to a lighter version of computer that can fit
on your lap, hence the name. Laptops can easily be carried to other place as well.
(it) Smartphones and Tablets. The smartphone is a handheld device that has combined
cellular telephony with an integrated computer like tiny processor, operating systemn
and ability to access Internet and run software applications (mobile apps).
A Tablet is a cousin of smartphone, which is capable of doing nearly all that a

smartphone can do, with small differences like

Tablets are larger in size than mobile phones
Some tablets do not provide cellular telephony.

(in) Radio and TV. Radio is the oldest tool and provides entertainment via audio only to
masses. These days even online radios are available.
Television or TV is the audio-visual medium that can play audio as well as videco. There
are multiple TV channels available these days catering to diverse interests of the people.
(io) Internet and Email. The lnternet refers to the worldwide network of interconnected
servers that are connected to many networks. Using Internet, one gets connected to
worldwide network of computers and can access information from any part of the world.
The email is a facility of Internet which allows one to send mails electronically in a
flash of second. The full form of email is Electronic-Mail.

1.5.1 Smartphone vs. Tablet vs. Laptobp

Three most popular ICT tools are smartphones, tablets and laptops. Let's compare these three
in terms of various parameters.
1.Portability
Smartphones are very light; very easy to carry.
Tablets are thin and light but heavier than a smartphone but still easy to carry.

Laptops are much heavier and it takes effort to carry them.

2. Functionality

Smartphone have small screen size. Tablets have larger displays than smartphones.

Laptops have bigger displays than a tablet

3.
Ense/Difficulty in Working
Smartphones is a small computer in hands with cellular telephony; very easy to work within
a stable or mobile environment.
A tablet offers better display with smartphone's productivity (minus telephony at times). A
tablet is easy to just turn on and use in any environment.
Laptop requires a specific place to work eg., it is comparatively difficult to work with laptop
having a mouse in a fast moving car.
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOG
A.86
4. Battery Life mobile batteries.
battery life; rely only
on
have small
Smartphones but work with oOnl
M o s t tablets
have battery life that is far better
than laptops only mobile
batteries.
battery and electricity power
Laptops fare better on power availability
as both
options are
available.

NFOBOX 1.1-
Mobile Apps: Mobile software

A mobile app is special type of software writtern to perform a specific function, keeping in mind
d
limited resources of mobile phones, such as limited battery, limited memory, small screen size etc.
Common categories of mobile apps are being given below.

1. Lifestyle Mobile Apps

Apps that accelerate or support the
individual facets that define your lifestyle, Uber
such as Fitness, Food, Music, Travel etc.
airbnb
P
Spotify
A
TT R 2 Social Media Mobile Apps
Apps that help you connect with your
online social circle spread across world
Pinterest
facebook nstayam
3 Utility Mobile Apps
Apps that provide utility functions such
as reminders, weather
information etc.
(mostly preinstalled) WeatherBug
Reminder
ttAiDNS
Calculator
4.
Gomes/Entertainment Mobile Apps
Apps that provide interactive
entertainment POReMoy

5. Productivily Mobile Apps

Apps that help users
(mostly mundane tasks) quickly
accomplish a task
and
efficiently BHIM)
Evernote
6. News/Information Mobile Apps
Apps that supply the news and
information in an
easy to understand F Flipboard
NEWS
layout
Recddit
 IMPACT
ession : ICT AND ITS A.87

. Flexibility
maximum flexible.
A smartphone is
A tablet sits somewhere between the smartphone and laptop in most areas, and flexibility is
no exception.

Laptop offers less flexibility as compared to a smartphone and a tablet.

Productioity
Smartphone productivity is limited because of many issues like limited battery power, smaller
Screen s1ze, less resources etc.
because of larger displays but have
Tablets offer better productivity than smartphones
limited battery life and software support is also less compared to laptops.

they have better power options, larger

scree
Laptops productivity among these
offer the best as

size and all types of software available.

heck Point
1. [CBSE SP 2021-
ICT stands for
Table 2.1 Input, Process and Output in the Tasks Performed iaeisoysarautesi ummum. a m r

INPUT PROCESSS OUTPUT

Thing(s) to Work Upon The Actual Work Taking Place The Result
Mummy's order of purchasing Going to bazaar and purchasing Purchased cake and
Example 1
cake and pastries. aanipkaMauem
pastries.
Your desire to make a phone call| Making phone callL Chat with your friend.
Example 2
at number 74XXXX5.

Making a cup of tea with given The process of making tea.

Example3 Prepared tea.
ingredients
Tba inat