SPPG

SI DG PTI Bulox ICA

CT-CORE DIMENSIONING FOR PROTECTION RELAY 7SR11

GENERAL PROJECT DATA:

Customer: SPPG
Project: Bulox ICA
Station: Distribution SIEMENS Switchgear
Feeder: =JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel 4 MVA TX
Issued by: Dr. A. Bachry
Our reference: DE_it200 252
Date: 05.10.2021
Remark:

GENERAL SYSTEM AND SUBSTATION DATA:

Nominal voltage: 22 kV
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz
Rated short-circuit current of station: 25 kA
Max. short-circuit current for CT dimensioning: 25 kA
Remark:

DATA OF CT 1 ACCORDING TO IEC-P:

CT type: IEC Class 5P
Transformation ratio: 150 A/1 A
Nominal accuracy limiting factor ALFn : 20
CT nominal burden Pn: 5 VA
Internal resistance Rct : 0.6 Ω (assumed)
Remark: CT name plated data used, as indicated in the drawing, ‘Bulox Power Pte Ltd ICA building’
SLD ICA Rev1.pdf’ dated 13-09-2021

RELAY DATA:
Manufacturer: REYROLLE
Type: Argus (7SR1x)
Nominal Current: 1A
Relay burden: 0.05 VA
Remark: CTD device in Phase Y as per SPPG scheme from 2016.

CT REQUIREMENTS FOR Argus:

(acc. to REYROLLE Technical Report 990/TIR/005/02 Rev.3 3/2006)
To ensure correct operation of the connected relay in case of close-up faults, the CT must be able to
transform the set I>> (high set) symmetrical short-circuit current of 20 times Ipn without saturation.
ALFo ≥ I>> (high set), at least 20 (Requirement)
where:
ALFo: operating accuracy limiting factor
I>>: set or settable maximum trip current

CALCULATION OF TOTAL CONNECTED BURDEN TO THE CT:

The performance of the CT depends on the total connected burden at the secondary terminals. The
total burden includes the relay burden, the additional burdens of other devices connected to the CT
incl. the burden of matching transformers (when used), and the burden of secondary wiring.

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 05.10.2021

Revision Release: B =JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel 4 MVA TX
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
CT 1:
Name / transf. ratio Burden:
Relay burden: Prelay Argus = 0.05 VA
Additional burden: Padd,1 CTD = 1 VA
Sum of add. relay burdens: Padd = 1 VA
The cable burden is calculated by the single length, the cross section, the specific resistivity and an
effective factor for the wire length. This factor kwire is 2 if the return wire is to be considered.
Secondary wiring burden:
Length: lwire =5m
Cross section: Awire = 4 mm2
Spec. resistivity: ρ = 0.0225 Ω mm2/m (Cu at 75 OC)
Sec. wire current: Isn,wire =1A
Eff. wire length in p.u.: kwire =2
k wire   Cu  l wire
Pwire =  I sn2 ,wire = 0.0562 VA
a wire
The total effective burden is given by the sum of all the connected burdens:
Total burden: Ptotal = Prelay + Padd + Pwire = 1.1062 VA

CHECK OF CT REQUIREMENTS:

Operating accuracy limiting factor ALFo :

The CT behaviour acc. to IEC-P will be described by the operating accuracy limiting factor ALFo. It
depends on the nominal accuracy limiting factor ALFn, the nominal burden Pn, the internal CT burden
Pct and the total effective connected burden Ptotal.

CT 1:
Pn + Pct
ALFo = ALFn = 65.641
Ptotal + Pct
where:
ALFn: nominal accuracy limiting factor = 20
Pn: nominal burden = 5 VA
Pct: internal CT burden = 0.6 VA
Ptotal: total effective connected burden = 1.1062 VA

CT-DIMENSIONING CHECK:
For the protection relay 7SR1x the requirements for close-up faults have to be fulfilled.

Check of requirement 1:
ALFo ≥ I>>(high set), at least 20 (Requirement)
ALFo = 65.641
I>> (high set) = 20 Meets requirement

Current transformer is correctly dimensioned

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 05.10.2021

Revision Release: B =JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel 4 MVA TX
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA

CT-CORE CHECK & SCHEME SIZING PROPOSAL

HIGH IMPEDANCE BALANCED EARTH-FAULT PROTECTION 7SR1x (87BEF HI)

GENERAL PROJECT DATA:

Customer: SPPG
Project: Bulox ICA
Station: Distribution SIEMENS Switchgear NXPLUS C V1.0
Feeder: =JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel
Issued by: Dr. A. Bachry
Our reference: DE_it200 252
Date: 28.09.2021
Remark: v. A: initial release

GENERAL SYSTEM AND SUBSTATION DATA:

Nominal voltage: 22 kV
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz
Rated short-circuit current of station: 25 kA
Relevant protected object data: Aux. Transformer Dyn, Sr=4MVA, z%=7%
Maximum external short-circuit current ~ Ir/z% ~1.5kA
considered Ik,max,thr: → 1.8kA used (with safety margin)
Maximum internal short-circuit current considered
Ik,max,int: 4kA internal E/F current

DATA OF CTs:
CT type: IEC Class 5P
Transformation ratio (as per SLD): 150 A / 1 A
Name plate data (as per SLD): 5 VA, 5P20
Internal resistance Rct : 0.6 Ω (assumed)
Remark: CT name plated data used, as indicated in the drawing, ‘Bulox Power Pte Ltd ICA building’
SLD ICA Rev1.pdf’ dated 13-09-2021

DATA OF CTs RECALCULATED TO IEC-PX NOMENCLATURE:

CT type: IEC Class PX
Transformation ratio: 150 A / 1 A
Knee point voltage Uknee: 85 V (=~20 x (5+0.6) /1.3)
Mag. current Iknee at Uknee: 0.05 A (assumed)
Internal resistance Rct: 0.6 Ω (assumed)
Remark: For high impedance scheme calculation IEC Class PX data are used

RELAY DATA:
Manufacturer: SIEMENS
Type: 7SR1x (87BEF HI)
Internal burden: 0.05 VA (1A phase and earth element)
Number of CTs in parallel with relay (N) 3
Remark: An additional device in series to relay 3-ph input considered for the stabilizing voltage
calculation: a CTD in phase Y as per SPPG scheme from 2016. This calculation works also
when this device is not present.

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 28.09.2021

Release: ver. A = JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x (87BEF HiZ)
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
CT REQUIREMENTS FOR 7SR1x (87BEF HI):
All CTs must have the same transformation ratio. To prevent maloperation of the relay during saturation
of the CTs on an external fault, the actual stability voltage Us must be at least the voltage Us,min
produced by the maximum secondary through fault current, flowing through the cable resistance and
the CTs' internal resistance:
U s  U s ,min
where:

U s , min = I k , max, thr

I sn
(Rct + Rwire )
I pn
In addition to this, the knee point voltage must be higher than twice the actual stability voltage:
U knee  2  U s (Requirement)
On the other hand, it is not recommended that the knee-point voltage of the CTs is chosen higher than
a few times the stabilizing voltage (whereby 4 ..8 times the Uset voltage can be considered as a typical
value). This is to prevent over-sizing of auxiliary system elements like resistors and varistors due to their
thermal capabilities and overvoltage issues.
U knee  8  U s (Guidance value)
where:
Us: actual stability voltage
Us,min: minimum stability voltage
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT
Ik,max,thr: max. symmetrical short-circuit current for external faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current
Isn: CT secondary nominal current
Rct: internal burden of CT
Rwire: cable burden

CALCULATION OF CABLE BURDEN:

The cable burden is calculated by the single length, the cross section, the specific resistivity and an
effective factor for the wire length. This factor kwire is 2 if the return wire is to be considered.

Cable burden:
Length: lwire =5m
Cross section: Awire = 4 mm2
Spec. resistivity: ρ = 0.0225 Ω mm2/ m (Cu at 75 OC)
Sec. wire current: Isn,wire =5A
Eff. wire length in p.u.: kwire =2
k wire   Cu  l wire
Rwire = = 0.0562 Ω
Awire

CHECK OF CT REQUIREMENT:

Calculation of stability voltage:

The minimum stability voltage of 7SR1x (BEF HI) to ensure stability on external faults:

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 28.09.2021

Release: ver. A = JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x (87BEF HiZ)
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
𝐼𝑠𝑛
𝑈𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝑘,𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑡ℎ𝑟 (𝑅 + 𝑅𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 + 𝑅𝐶𝑇𝐷 ) = 19.87 V
𝐼𝑝𝑛 𝑐𝑡
where:
Ik,max,thr: max. symmetrical short-circuit
1.8 kA
current for external faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 150 A
Isn: CT secondary nominal current 1A
Rct: internal burden of CT 0.6 Ω
RCTD: burden of CTD (only Y-phase) 1.0 Ω
Rwire: cable burden 0.0562 Ω
The actual stability voltage Us should be set to at least Us,min.

Based on the chosen current pickup value and the chosen resistor (see below) the effective stability
voltage is proposed to be:
Us = 30 V

Calculation of maximum sensitivity:

The higher the sensitivity, the lower the value of the fault current that is detected by the relay. According
to the actual stability voltage and considering that the relay has a variable a.c. current setting at 1A SEF
input of 0.005 x In to 0.95 x In in 0.001 x In steps, the maximum primary current sensitivity Ip can be
obtained:
I pn  U 
Ip =  I s , min + N  I knee  s  = 8.7 A
I sn  U knee 
where:
Ip: maximum primary current sensitivity
Is,min: minimum relay current setting 0.005A
N: number of CTs in parallel with relay 3
Iknee: mag. current Iknee at Uknee 0.05 A
Us: actual stability voltage 30 V
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 85 V
This corresponds to a sensitivity of 5.8% of nominal current Ipn of the CT.

Desired sensitivity calculation:

Considering the setting range of the relay and the customer comments the pickup current can be
chosen:
Is,set = 0.1 A

Effective sensitivity calculation:

The effective sensitivity on the secondary side can be calculated as follows:
Us
I eff _ sens = I s , set + N  I knee  = 0.153 A
U knee
where:
Ieff_sens: effective current sensitivity (secondary)
Is,set: relay current setting 0.1 A
SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 28.09.2021
Release: ver. A = JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x (87BEF HiZ)
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
N: number of CTs in parallel with relay 3
Iknee: mag. current Iknee at Uknee 0.05 A
Us: actual stability voltage 30 V
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 85 V
This corresponds to a primary fault sensitivity of 22.9 A (i.e. 15.3 % of CT Ipn= 150 A).

Calculation of stabilizing resistor:

The proper value of stabilizing resistor Rstab is required to ensure stability during through-faults and is
calculated by using the actual stability voltage = 30 V and the pickup current setting of the relay Is,set =
0.1 A (please refer to above).
Us
Rstab = − Rrelay = 300 
I s , set
where the relay burden Rrelay = 0.008 Ω is neglected.

The stabilizing resistor Rstab can be chosen with a necessary minimum continuous power rating
Pstab,cont of :
2
Us
Pstab ,cont  =3W
Rstab
Please note that in order to keep the resistor healthy during commissioning tests the fault current from
the testing equipment should be immediately withdrawn after the device gives a protection trip.
Moreover, Rstab must have a short time rating large enough to withstand the fault current levels before
the fault is cleared. The time duration of 0.5 seconds can be typically considered (Pstab,0.5s) to take
into account longer fault clearance times of back-up protection. The rms voltage developed across the
stabilizing resistor is decisive for the thermal stress of the stabilizing resistor. It is calculated according
to formula:
I sn
U rms , f = 1.3  4 U knee  Rstab  I k ,max,int 
3
= 344.18 V
I pn
where:
Uknee : knee point voltage of CT 85 V
Rstab : resistance of the stabilizing resistor 300 Ω
Ik,max,int: max. symmetrical short-circuit
4 kA
current for internal faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 150 A
Isn : CT secondary nominal current 1A
The resulting short-time rating Pstab,0.5s equals to:
2
U rms , f
Pstab , 0.5 s  = 395 W
Rstab

Calculation of max. voltage at relay terminal:

The relay should normally be applied with an external varistor which should be connected across the
relay and stabilizing resistor input terminals. The varistor limits the voltage across the terminals under
maximum internal fault conditions. The theoretical rms voltage which may occur across the panel
SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 28.09.2021
Release: ver. A = JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x (87BEF HiZ)
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
terminals (i.e. tie with relay and Rstab connected in series) can be determined according to the following
equation:

 (Rrelay + Rstab )
I sn
U k ,max,int = I k ,max,int  = 8000 V
I pn
where the relay burden Rrelay = 0.05 Ω is neglected.

The resulting maximum peak voltage across the panel terminals (i.e. tie with relay and Rstab connected
in series):

U max,relay = 2 2U knee (U k , max,int − U knee ) = 2320 V

where:
Ik, max, int : max. symmetrical short-circuit
= 4 kA
current of internal faults

CT dimensioning check:
Requirement:
The minimum knee point voltage of the CTs must be twice the relay setting voltage:

U knee  2  U s
Uknee = 85 V
2 Us = 60 V Meets requirement
Recommendation:
Furthermore, it is recommended that the knee point voltage of the CT should not be higher than eight
times the relay setting voltage:

U knee  8  U s
Uknee = 85 V
8 Us = 240 V Meets the recommendation

CTs correctly dimensioned

Varistor check:
A varistor is required if:
Umax,relay ≥1500 V

In this case:
Umax,relay = 2320 V

Varistor required
The type of voltage limiting resistor (non-linear resistor / varistor) required shall be chosen by checking
the following criteria:
1. At first the relay setting voltage shall be checked:
Us = 30 V

2. The required thermal rating shall be calculated as defined by the formula:

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 28.09.2021
Release: ver. A = JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel
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 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA

4 I
Pvar = I k ,max,int sn U knee = 2886.01 J/s
 I pn
where:
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 85 V
Ik,max,int: max. symmetrical short-circuit
4 kA
current for internal faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 150 A
Isn: CT secondary nominal current 1A
Since the varistor shall practically withstand these conditions for the maximum fault clearance time of 1
sec. it is sufficient to compare the value calculated above to the 1 sec. rating of the varistor.
3. The maximum prospective secondary internal fault current:
Ik,max,int,sec: = 26.7A

On the basis above, the varistor (Metrosil) can be chosen.

E.g. the following can be proposed:
Identification C Value Max. Relay Setting Short time Energy Absorption
(for I leakage) Voltage [rms] ratio Isec [A] [Joules]

256/R4/600A/S1 405 185 45 53333

(formerly known as
600A/S1/S256)
The leakage varistor current at 30V setting can be neglected.

In this case the given varistors can be used

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 28.09.2021

Release: ver. A = JZ04 Outgoing Transformer Panel
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x (87BEF HiZ)
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA

CT-CORE DIMENSIONING FOR PROTECTION RELAY 7SR11

GENERAL PROJECT DATA:

Customer: SPPG
Project: Bulox ICA
Station: Distribution SIEMENS Switchgear
Feeder: =JZ03 Outgoing Transformer Panel 1.5 or 2 MVA TX
Issued by: Dr. A. Bachry
Our reference: DE_it200 252
Date: 05.10.2021
Remark:

GENERAL SYSTEM AND SUBSTATION DATA:

Nominal voltage: 22 kV
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz
Rated short-circuit current of station: 25 kA
Max. short-circuit current for CT dimensioning: 25 kA
Remark:

DATA OF CT 1 ACCORDING TO IEC-P:

CT type: IEC Class 5P
Transformation ratio: 100 A/1 A
Nominal accuracy limiting factor ALFn : 20
CT nominal burden Pn: 5 VA
Internal resistance Rct : 0.4 Ω (assumed)
Remark: CT name plated data used, as indicated in the drawing, ‘Bulox Power Pte Ltd ICA building’
SLD ICA Rev1.pdf’ dated 13-09-2021

RELAY DATA:
Manufacturer: REYROLLE
Type: Argus (7SR1x)
Nominal Current: 1A
Relay burden: 0.05 VA
Remark: CTD device in Phase Y as per SPPG scheme from 2016.

CT REQUIREMENTS FOR Argus:

(acc. to REYROLLE Technical Report 990/TIR/005/02 Rev.3 3/2006)
To ensure correct operation of the connected relay in case of close-up faults, the CT must be able to
transform the set I>> (high set) symmetrical short-circuit current of 20 times Ipn without saturation.
ALFo ≥ I>> (high set), at least 20 (Requirement)
where:
ALFo: operating accuracy limiting factor
I>>: set or settable maximum trip current

CALCULATION OF TOTAL CONNECTED BURDEN TO THE CT:

The performance of the CT depends on the total connected burden at the secondary terminals. The
total burden includes the relay burden, the additional burdens of other devices connected to the CT
incl. the burden of matching transformers (when used), and the burden of secondary wiring.

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 05.10.2021

Revision Release: A =JZ03 Outgoing Transformer Panel 1.5 or 2 MVA TX
© CTDim 3.8 7SR11
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
CT 1:
Name / transf. ratio Burden:
Relay burden: Prelay Argus = 0.05 VA
Additional burden: Padd,1 CTD = 1 VA
Sum of add. relay burdens: Padd = 1 VA
The cable burden is calculated by the single length, the cross section, the specific resistivity and an
effective factor for the wire length. This factor kwire is 2 if the return wire is to be considered.
Secondary wiring burden:
Length: lwire =5m
Cross section: Awire = 4 mm2
Spec. resistivity: ρ = 0.0225 Ω mm2/m (Cu at 75 OC)
Sec. wire current: Isn,wire =1A
Eff. wire length in p.u.: kwire =2
k wire   Cu  l wire
Pwire =  I sn2 ,wire = 0.0562 VA
a wire
The total effective burden is given by the sum of all the connected burdens:
Total burden: Ptotal = Prelay + Padd + Pwire = 1.1062 VA

CHECK OF CT REQUIREMENTS:

Operating accuracy limiting factor ALFo :

The CT behaviour acc. to IEC-P will be described by the operating accuracy limiting factor ALFo. It
depends on the nominal accuracy limiting factor ALFn, the nominal burden Pn, the internal CT burden
Pct and the total effective connected burden Ptotal.

CT 1:
Pn + Pct
ALFo = ALFn = 71.701
Ptotal + Pct
where:
ALFn: nominal accuracy limiting factor = 20
Pn: nominal burden = 5 VA
Pct: internal CT burden = 0.4 VA
Ptotal: total effective connected burden = 1.1062 VA

CT-DIMENSIONING CHECK:
For the protection relay 7SR1x the requirements for close-up faults have to be fulfilled.

Check of requirement 1:
ALFo ≥ I>>(high set), at least 20 (Requirement)
ALFo = 71.701
I>> (high set) = 20 Meets requirement

Current transformer is correctly dimensioned

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 05.10.2021

Revision Release: A =JZ03 Outgoing Transformer Panel 1.5 or 2 MVA TX
© CTDim 3.8 7SR11
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA

CT-CORE CHECK & SCHEME SIZING PROPOSAL

HIGH IMPEDANCE BALANCED EARTH-FAULT PROTECTION 7SR1x (87BEF HI)

GENERAL PROJECT DATA:

Customer: SPPG
Project: Bulox ICA
Station: Distribution SIEMENS Switchgear NXPLUS C V1.0
Feeder: =JZ03 Outgoing Transformer Panel
Issued by: Dr. A. Bachry
Our reference: DE_it200 252
Date: 05.10.2021
Remark: v. A: initial release

GENERAL SYSTEM AND SUBSTATION DATA:

Nominal voltage: 22 kV
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz
Rated short-circuit current of station: 25 kA
Relevant protected object data: Aux. Transformer Dyn, Sr=2MVA, z%=6%
Maximum external short-circuit current ~ Ir/z% ~0.875kA
considered Ik,max,thr: → 1.0kA used (with a safety margin)
Maximum internal short-circuit current considered
Ik,max,int: 4kA internal E/F current

DATA OF CTs:
CT type: IEC Class 5P
Transformation ratio (as per SLD): 100 A / 1 A
Name plate data (as per SLD): 5 VA, 5P20
Internal resistance Rct : 0.4 Ω (assumed)
Remark: CT name plated data used, as indicated in the drawing, ‘Bulox Power Pte Ltd ICA building’
SLD ICA Rev1.pdf’ dated 13-09-2021

DATA OF CTs RECALCULATED TO IEC-PX NOMENCLATURE:

CT type: IEC Class PX
Transformation ratio: 100 A / 1 A
Knee point voltage Uknee: 80 V (=~20 x (5+0.4) /1.3)
Mag. current Iknee at Uknee: 0.1 A (assumed)
Internal resistance Rct: 0.4 Ω (assumed)
Remark: For high impedance scheme calculation IEC Class PX data are used

RELAY DATA:
Manufacturer: SIEMENS
Type: 7SR1x (87BEF HI)
Internal burden: 0.05 VA (1A phase and earth element)
Number of CTs in parallel with relay (N) 3
Remark: An additional device in series to relay 3-ph input considered for the stabilizing voltage
calculation: a CTD in phase Y as per SPPG scheme from 2016. This calculation works also
when this device is not present.

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 05.10.2021

Release: ver. A = JZ03 Outgoing Transformer Panel
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x (87BEF HiZ)
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
CT REQUIREMENTS FOR 7SR1x (87BEF HI):
All CTs must have the same transformation ratio. To prevent maloperation of the relay during saturation
of the CTs on an external fault, the actual stability voltage Us must be at least the voltage Us,min
produced by the maximum secondary through fault current, flowing through the cable resistance and
the CTs' internal resistance:
U s  U s ,min
where:

U s , min = I k , max, thr

I sn
(Rct + Rwire )
I pn
In addition to this, the knee point voltage must be higher than twice the actual stability voltage:
U knee  2  U s (Requirement)
On the other hand, it is not recommended that the knee-point voltage of the CTs is chosen higher than
a few times the stabilizing voltage (whereby 4 ..8 times the Uset voltage can be considered as a typical
value). This is to prevent over-sizing of auxiliary system elements like resistors and varistors due to their
thermal capabilities and overvoltage issues.
U knee  8  U s (Guidance value)
where:
Us: actual stability voltage
Us,min: minimum stability voltage
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT
Ik,max,thr: max. symmetrical short-circuit current for external faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current
Isn: CT secondary nominal current
Rct: internal burden of CT
Rwire: cable burden

CALCULATION OF CABLE BURDEN:

The cable burden is calculated by the single length, the cross section, the specific resistivity and an
effective factor for the wire length. This factor kwire is 2 if the return wire is to be considered.

Cable burden:
Length: lwire =5m
Cross section: Awire = 4 mm2
Spec. resistivity: ρ = 0.0225 Ω mm2/ m (Cu at 75 OC)
Sec. wire current: Isn,wire =5A
Eff. wire length in p.u.: kwire =2
k wire   Cu  l wire
Rwire = = 0.0562 Ω
Awire

CHECK OF CT REQUIREMENT:

Calculation of stability voltage:

The minimum stability voltage of 7SR1x (BEF HI) to ensure stability on external faults:

SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 05.10.2021

Release: ver. A = JZ03 Outgoing Transformer Panel
© CTDim 3.8 7SR1x (87BEF HiZ)
 SPPG
SI DG PTI Bulox ICA
𝐼𝑠𝑛
𝑈𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝑘,𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑡ℎ𝑟 (𝑅 + 𝑅𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 + 𝑅𝐶𝑇𝐷 ) = 14.56 V
𝐼𝑝𝑛 𝑐𝑡
where:
Ik,max,thr: max. symmetrical short-circuit
1.0 kA
current for external faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 150 A
Isn: CT secondary nominal current 1A
Rct: internal burden of CT 0.4 Ω
RCTD: burden of CTD (only Y-phase) 1.0 Ω
Rwire: cable burden 0.0562 Ω
The actual stability voltage Us should be set to at least Us,min.

Based on the chosen current pickup value and the chosen resistor (see below) the effective stability
voltage is proposed to be:
Us = 30 V

Calculation of maximum sensitivity:

The higher the sensitivity, the lower the value of the fault current that is detected by the relay. According
to the actual stability voltage and considering that the relay has a variable a.c. current setting at 1A SEF
input of 0.005 x In to 0.95 x In in 0.001 x In steps, the maximum primary current sensitivity Ip can be
obtained:
I pn  U 
Ip =  I s , min + N  I knee  s  = 11.75 A
I sn  U knee 
where:
Ip: maximum primary current sensitivity
Is,min: minimum relay current setting 0.005A
N: number of CTs in parallel with relay 3
Iknee: mag. current Iknee at Uknee 0.1 A
Us: actual stability voltage 30 V
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 80 V
This corresponds to a sensitivity of 12% of nominal current Ipn of the CT.

Desired sensitivity calculation:

Considering the setting range of the relay the pickup current can be chosen:
Is,set = 0.1 A

Effective sensitivity calculation:

The effective sensitivity on the secondary side can be calculated as follows:
Us
I eff _ sens = I s , set + N  I knee  = 0.213 A
U knee
where:
Ieff_sens: effective current sensitivity (secondary)
Is,set: relay current setting 0.1 A
N: number of CTs in parallel with relay 3
SI DG PTI/DE_it200 252/Dr. A. Bachry 05.10.2021
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Iknee: mag. current Iknee at Uknee 0.1 A
Us: actual stability voltage 30 V
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 80 V
This corresponds to a primary fault sensitivity of 21.3 A (i.e. 21.3% of CT Ipn= 100 A).

Calculation of stabilizing resistor:

The proper value of stabilizing resistor Rstab is required to ensure stability during through-faults and is
calculated by using the actual stability voltage = 30 V and the pickup current setting of the relay Is,set =
0.1 A (please refer to above).
Us
Rstab = − Rrelay = 300 
I s , set
where the relay burden Rrelay = 0.008 Ω is neglected.

The stabilizing resistor Rstab can be chosen with a necessary minimum continuous power rating
Pstab,cont of :
2
U
Pstab ,cont  s =3W
Rstab
Please note that in order to keep the resistor healthy during commissioning tests the fault current from
the testing equipment should be immediately withdrawn after the device gives a protection trip.
Moreover, Rstab must have a short time rating large enough to withstand the fault current levels before
the fault is cleared. The time duration of 0.5 seconds can be typically considered (P stab,0.5s) to take
into account longer fault clearance times of back-up protection. The rms voltage developed across the
stabilizing resistor is decisive for the thermal stress of the stabilizing resistor. It is calculated according
to formula:
I sn
U rms , f = 1.3  4 U knee  Rstab  I k ,max,int 
3
= 363.96 V
I pn
where:
Uknee : knee point voltage of CT 80 V
Rstab : resistance of the stabilizing resistor 300 Ω
Ik,max,int: max. symmetrical short-circuit
4 kA
current for internal faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 100 A
Isn : CT secondary nominal current 1A
The resulting short-time rating Pstab,0.5s equals to:
2
U rms , f
Pstab , 0.5 s  = 442 W
Rstab

Calculation of max. voltage at relay terminal:

The relay should normally be applied with an external varistor which should be connected across the
relay and stabilizing resistor input terminals. The varistor limits the voltage across the terminals under
maximum internal fault conditions. The theoretical rms voltage which may occur across the panel

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terminals (i.e. tie with relay and Rstab connected in series) can be determined according to the following
equation:

 (Rrelay + Rstab )
I sn
U k ,max,int = I k ,max,int  = 12000 V
I pn
where the relay burden Rrelay = 0.05 Ω is neglected.

The resulting maximum peak voltage across the panel terminals (i.e. tie with relay and Rstab connected
in series):

U max,relay = 2 2U knee (U k , max,int − U knee ) = 2762 V

where:
Ik, max, int : max. symmetrical short-circuit
= 4 kA
current of internal faults

CT dimensioning check:
Requirement:
The minimum knee point voltage of the CTs must be twice the relay setting voltage:

U knee  2  U s
Uknee = 80 V
2 Us = 60 V Meets requirement
Recommendation:
Furthermore, it is recommended that the knee point voltage of the CT should not be higher than eight
times the relay setting voltage:

U knee  8  U s
Uknee = 80 V
8 Us = 240 V Meets the recommendation

CTs correctly dimensioned

Varistor check:
A varistor is required if:
Umax,relay ≥1500 V

In this case:
Umax,relay = 2762 V

Varistor required
The type of voltage limiting resistor (non-linear resistor / varistor) required shall be chosen by checking
the following criteria:
1. At first the relay setting voltage shall be checked:
Us = 30 V

2. The required thermal rating shall be calculated as defined by the formula:

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4 I
Pvar = I k ,max,int sn U knee = 4074.37 J/s
 I pn
where:
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 80 V
Ik,max,int: max. symmetrical short-circuit
4 kA
current for internal faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 100 A
Isn: CT secondary nominal current 1A
Since the varistor shall practically withstand these conditions for the maximum fault clearance time of 1
sec. it is sufficient to compare the value calculated above to the 1 sec. rating of the varistor.
3. The maximum prospective secondary internal fault current:
Ik,max,int,sec: = 40A

On the basis above, the varistor (Metrosil) can be chosen.

E.g. the following can be proposed:
Identification C Value Max. Relay Setting Short time Energy Absorption
(for I leakage) Voltage [rms] ratio Isec [A] [Joules]

256/R4/600A/S1 405 185 45 53333

(formerly known as
600A/S1/S256)
The leakage varistor current at 30V setting can be neglected.

In this case the given varistors can be used

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CT-CORE DIMENSIONING FOR PROTECTION RELAY 7SR11

GENERAL PROJECT DATA:

Customer: SPPG
Project: Bulox ICA
Station: Distribution SIEMENS Switchgear
Feeder: =JZ02 Outgoing Transformer Panel 1MVA or 0.5MVA TX
Issued by: Dr. A. Bachry
Our reference: DE_it200 252
Date: 05.10.2021
Remark:

GENERAL SYSTEM AND SUBSTATION DATA:

Nominal voltage: 22 kV
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz
Rated short-circuit current of station: 25 kA
Max. short-circuit current for CT dimensioning: 25 kA
Remark:

DATA OF CT 1 ACCORDING TO IEC-P:

CT type: IEC Class 5P
Transformation ratio: 75 A/1 A
Nominal accuracy limiting factor ALFn : 20
CT nominal burden Pn: 5 VA
Internal resistance Rct : 0.3 Ω (assumed)
Remark: CT name plated data used, as indicated in the drawing, ‘Bulox Power Pte Ltd ICA building’
SLD ICA Rev1.pdf’ dated 13-09-2021

RELAY DATA:
Manufacturer: REYROLLE
Type: Argus (7SR1x)
Nominal Current: 1A
Relay burden: 0.05 VA
Remark: CTD device in Phase Y as per SPPG scheme from 2016.

CT REQUIREMENTS FOR Argus:

(acc. to REYROLLE Technical Report 990/TIR/005/02 Rev.3 3/2006)
To ensure correct operation of the connected relay in case of close-up faults, the CT must be able to
transform the set I>> (high set) symmetrical short-circuit current of 20 times Ipn without saturation.
ALFo ≥ I>> (high set), at least 20 (Requirement)
where:
ALFo: operating accuracy limiting factor
I>>: set or settable maximum trip current

CALCULATION OF TOTAL CONNECTED BURDEN TO THE CT:

The performance of the CT depends on the total connected burden at the secondary terminals. The
total burden includes the relay burden, the additional burdens of other devices connected to the CT
incl. the burden of matching transformers (when used), and the burden of secondary wiring.

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CT 1:
Name / transf. ratio Burden:
Relay burden: Prelay Argus = 0.05 VA
Additional burden: Padd,1 CTD = 1 VA
Sum of add. relay burdens: Padd = 1 VA
The cable burden is calculated by the single length, the cross section, the specific resistivity and an
effective factor for the wire length. This factor kwire is 2 if the return wire is to be considered.
Secondary wiring burden:
Length: lwire =5m
Cross section: Awire = 4 mm2
Spec. resistivity: ρ = 0.0225 Ω mm2/m (Cu at 75 OC)
Sec. wire current: Isn,wire =1A
Eff. wire length in p.u.: kwire =2
k wire   Cu  l wire
Pwire =  I sn2 ,wire = 0.0562 VA
a wire
The total effective burden is given by the sum of all the connected burdens:
Total burden: Ptotal = Prelay + Padd + Pwire = 1.1062 VA

CHECK OF CT REQUIREMENTS:

Operating accuracy limiting factor ALFo :

The CT behaviour acc. to IEC-P will be described by the operating accuracy limiting factor ALFo. It
depends on the nominal accuracy limiting factor ALFn, the nominal burden Pn, the internal CT burden
Pct and the total effective connected burden Ptotal.

CT 1:
Pn + Pct
ALFo = ALFn = 75.378
Ptotal + Pct
where:
ALFn: nominal accuracy limiting factor = 20
Pn: nominal burden = 5 VA
Pct: internal CT burden = 0.3 VA
Ptotal: total effective connected burden = 1.1062 VA

CT-DIMENSIONING CHECK:
For the protection relay 7SR1x the requirements for close-up faults have to be fulfilled.

Check of requirement 1:
ALFo ≥ I>>(high set), at least 20 (Requirement)
ALFo = 75.378
I>> (high set) = 20 Meets requirement

Current transformer is correctly dimensioned

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CT-CORE CHECK & SCHEME SIZING PROPOSAL

HIGH IMPEDANCE BALANCED EARTH-FAULT PROTECTION 7SR1x (87BEF HI)

GENERAL PROJECT DATA:

Customer: SPPG
Project: Bulox ICA
Station: Distribution SIEMENS Switchgear NXPLUS C V1.0
Feeder: =JZ02 Outgoing Transformer Panel
Issued by: Dr. A. Bachry
Our reference: DE_it200 252
Date: 05.10.2021
Remark: v. A: initial release

GENERAL SYSTEM AND SUBSTATION DATA:

Nominal voltage: 22 kV
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz
Rated short-circuit current of station: 25 kA
Relevant protected object data: Aux. Transformer Dyn, Sr=1MVA, z%=4%
Maximum external short-circuit current ~ Ir/z% ~0.44kA
considered Ik,max,thr: → 0.6kA used (with a safety margin)
Maximum internal short-circuit current considered
Ik,max,int: 4kA internal E/F current

DATA OF CTs:
CT type: IEC Class 5P
Transformation ratio (as per SLD): 75 A / 1 A
Name plate data (as per SLD): 5 VA, 5P20
Internal resistance Rct : 0.3 Ω (assumed)
Remark: CT name plated data used, as indicated in the drawing, ‘Bulox Power Pte Ltd ICA building’
SLD ICA Rev1.pdf’ dated 13-09-2021

DATA OF CTs RECALCULATED TO IEC-PX NOMENCLATURE:

CT type: IEC Class PX
Transformation ratio: 75 A / 1 A
Knee point voltage Uknee: 80 V (=~20 x (5+0.3) /1.3)
Mag. current Iknee at Uknee: 0.15 A (assumed)
Internal resistance Rct: 0.3 Ω (assumed)
Remark: For high impedance scheme calculation IEC Class PX data are used

RELAY DATA:
Manufacturer: SIEMENS
Type: 7SR1x (87BEF HI)
Internal burden: 0.05 VA (1A phase and earth element)
Number of CTs in parallel with relay (N) 3
Remark: An additional device in series to relay 3-ph input considered for the stabilizing voltage
calculation: a CTD in phase Y as per SPPG scheme from 2016. This calculation works also
when this device is not present.

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CT REQUIREMENTS FOR 7SR1x (87BEF HI):
All CTs must have the same transformation ratio. To prevent maloperation of the relay during saturation
of the CTs on an external fault, the actual stability voltage Us must be at least the voltage Us,min
produced by the maximum secondary through fault current, flowing through the cable resistance and
the CTs' internal resistance:
U s  U s ,min
where:

U s , min = I k , max, thr

I sn
(Rct + Rwire )
I pn
In addition to this, the knee point voltage must be higher than twice the actual stability voltage:
U knee  2  U s (Requirement)
On the other hand, it is not recommended that the knee-point voltage of the CTs is chosen higher than
a few times the stabilizing voltage (whereby 4 ..8 times the Uset voltage can be considered as a typical
value). This is to prevent over-sizing of auxiliary system elements like resistors and varistors due to their
thermal capabilities and overvoltage issues.
U knee  8  U s (Guidance value)
where:
Us: actual stability voltage
Us,min: minimum stability voltage
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT
Ik,max,thr: max. symmetrical short-circuit current for external faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current
Isn: CT secondary nominal current
Rct: internal burden of CT
Rwire: cable burden

CALCULATION OF CABLE BURDEN:

The cable burden is calculated by the single length, the cross section, the specific resistivity and an
effective factor for the wire length. This factor kwire is 2 if the return wire is to be considered.

Cable burden:
Length: lwire =5m
Cross section: Awire = 4 mm2
Spec. resistivity: ρ = 0.0225 Ω mm2/ m (Cu at 75 OC)
Sec. wire current: Isn,wire =5A
Eff. wire length in p.u.: kwire =2
k wire   Cu  l wire
Rwire = = 0.0562 Ω
Awire

CHECK OF CT REQUIREMENT:

Calculation of stability voltage:

The minimum stability voltage of 7SR1x (BEF HI) to ensure stability on external faults:

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𝐼𝑠𝑛
𝑈𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝑘,𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑡ℎ𝑟 (𝑅 + 𝑅𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 + 𝑅𝐶𝑇𝐷 ) = 10.85 V
𝐼𝑝𝑛 𝑐𝑡
where:
Ik,max,thr: max. symmetrical short-circuit
0.6 kA
current for external faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 150 A
Isn: CT secondary nominal current 1A
Rct: internal burden of CT 0.3 Ω
RCTD: burden of CTD (only Y-phase) 1.0 Ω
Rwire: cable burden 0.0562 Ω
The actual stability voltage Us should be set to at least Us,min.

Based on the chosen current pickup value and the chosen resistor (see below) the effective stability
voltage is proposed to be:
Us = 30 V

Calculation of maximum sensitivity:

The higher the sensitivity, the lower the value of the fault current that is detected by the relay. According
to the actual stability voltage and considering that the relay has a variable a.c. current setting at 1A SEF
input of 0.005 x In to 0.95 x In in 0.001 x In steps, the maximum primary current sensitivity Ip can be
obtained:
I pn  U 
Ip =  I s , min + N  I knee  s  = 13.03 A
I sn  U knee 
where:
Ip: maximum primary current sensitivity
Is,min: minimum relay current setting 0.005A
N: number of CTs in parallel with relay 3
Iknee: mag. current Iknee at Uknee 0.15 A
Us: actual stability voltage 30 V
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 80 V
This corresponds to a sensitivity of 17.4% of nominal current Ipn of the CT.

Desired sensitivity calculation:

Considering the setting range of the relay the pickup current can be chosen:
Is,set = 0.1 A

Effective sensitivity calculation:

The effective sensitivity on the secondary side can be calculated as follows:
Us
I eff _ sens = I s , set + N  I knee  = 0.269 A
U knee
where:
Ieff_sens: effective current sensitivity (secondary)
Is,set: relay current setting 0.1 A
N: number of CTs in parallel with relay 3
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Iknee: mag. current Iknee at Uknee 0.15 A
Us: actual stability voltage 30 V
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 80 V
This corresponds to a primary fault sensitivity of 20.2 A (i.e. 26.9% of CT Ipn= 75 A).

Calculation of stabilizing resistor:

The proper value of stabilizing resistor Rstab is required to ensure stability during through-faults and is
calculated by using the actual stability voltage = 30 V and the pickup current setting of the relay Is,set =
0.1 A (please refer to above).
Us
Rstab = − Rrelay = 300 
I s , set
where the relay burden Rrelay = 0.008 Ω is neglected.

The stabilizing resistor Rstab can be chosen with a necessary minimum continuous power rating
Pstab,cont of :
2
U
Pstab ,cont  s =3W
Rstab
Please note that in order to keep the resistor healthy during commissioning tests the fault current from
the testing equipment should be immediately withdrawn after the device gives a protection trip.
Moreover, Rstab must have a short time rating large enough to withstand the fault current levels before
the fault is cleared. The time duration of 0.5 seconds can be typically considered (Pstab,0.5s) to take
into account longer fault clearance times of back-up protection. The rms voltage developed across the
stabilizing resistor is decisive for the thermal stress of the stabilizing resistor. It is calculated according
to formula:
I sn
U rms , f = 1.3  4 U knee  Rstab  I k ,max,int 
3
= 391.1 V
I pn
where:
Uknee : knee point voltage of CT 80 V
Rstab : resistance of the stabilizing resistor 300 Ω
Ik,max,int: max. symmetrical short-circuit
4 kA
current for internal faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 75 A
Isn : CT secondary nominal current 1A
The resulting short-time rating Pstab,0.5s equals to:
2
U rms , f
Pstab , 0.5 s  = 510 W
Rstab

Calculation of max. voltage at relay terminal:

The relay should normally be applied with an external varistor which should be connected across the
relay and stabilizing resistor input terminals. The varistor limits the voltage across the terminals under
maximum internal fault conditions. The theoretical rms voltage which may occur across the panel

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terminals (i.e. tie with relay and Rstab connected in series) can be determined according to the following
equation:

 (Rrelay + Rstab )
I sn
U k ,max,int = I k ,max,int  = 16000 V
I pn
where the relay burden Rrelay = 0.05 Ω is neglected.

The resulting maximum peak voltage across the panel terminals (i.e. tie with relay and Rstab connected
in series):

U max,relay = 2 2U knee (U k , max,int − U knee ) = 3192 V

where:
Ik, max, int : max. symmetrical short-circuit
= 4 kA
current of internal faults

CT dimensioning check:
Requirement:
The minimum knee point voltage of the CTs must be twice the relay setting voltage:

U knee  2  U s
Uknee = 80 V
2 Us = 60 V Meets requirement
Recommendation:
Furthermore, it is recommended that the knee point voltage of the CT should not be higher than eight
times the relay setting voltage:

U knee  8  U s
Uknee = 80 V
8 Us = 240 V Meets the recommendation

CTs correctly dimensioned

Varistor check:
A varistor is required if:
Umax,relay ≥1500 V

In this case:
Umax,relay = 3192 V

Varistor required
The type of voltage limiting resistor (non-linear resistor / varistor) required shall be chosen by checking
the following criteria:
1. At first the relay setting voltage shall be checked:
Us = 30 V

2. The required thermal rating shall be calculated as defined by the formula:

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4 I
Pvar = I k ,max,int sn U knee = 5432.5 J/s
 I pn
where:
Uknee: knee point voltage of CT 80 V
Ik,max,int: max. symmetrical short-circuit
4 kA
current for internal faults
Ipn: CT primary nominal current 75 A
Isn: CT secondary nominal current 1A
Since the varistor shall practically withstand these conditions for the maximum fault clearance time of 1
sec. it is sufficient to compare the value calculated above to the 1 sec. rating of the varistor.
3. The maximum prospective secondary internal fault current:
Ik,max,int,sec: = 53.3A

On the basis above, the varistor (Metrosil) can be chosen.

E.g. the following can be proposed:
Identification C Value Max. Relay Setting Short time Energy Absorption
(for I leakage) Voltage [rms] ratio Isec [A] [Joules]

256/R4/6001/S1 405 185 45 53333

(formerly known as
600A/S1/S256)
The leakage varistor current at 30V setting can be neglected.

In this case the given varistors can be used

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