Ethics
Ethics
Ethics
MORAL PERSONHOOD
AND ACCOUNTABILITY
Presented by: Group 1
- Moral personhood
- Moral persons and right
- Moral agents and patient
- Criteria for moral personhood
- Moral Accountability
- Accountability and Responsibility
- Moral and Legal Accountability
- Condition for Moral Accountability
When deciding whether a particular
action is morally good or bad,
morally correct or wrong, we
consider whether it comply by or
contravenes our moral norms or
principles.
The idea of moral personhood is complicated,
therefore let's consider the following questions to
assist us better understand it:
(1)What does the moral person entails? Or what
are the consequences when an entity is regarded a
moral person?
(2)What are the ways to be a moral person? Or
are there different ways of being moral persons?
(3)How does one qualify as a moral person?
A moral person is one who upholds moral
principles. Moral people are therefore
objects of moral concern since they have MORAL
moral rights.
PERSONS
01 Rights are entitlements. They speak of the
pursuit of interests or the performance of
activities that one (i.e., the right holder) is
AND
permitted to engage in.
RIGHT
02 Rights and obligations are related, and
because of this, it is easier to compare and
contrast them. Responsibilities are things
that we have to accomplish or carry out.
Two general ways by which rights are classified
1. On the basis of the kind of duties imposed by rights,
whether these rights are only duties of non-interference
or duties of provision as well.
Negative rights: if one’s possession of a right imposes
only the duty of non-interference on other people.
Positive rights: imposes the duty of provision (or
positive performance), in addition to the duty of non-
interference.
2. In terms of how rights are acquired (or their mode of
acquisition)
Contractual Rights. The rights that we acquire when
we enter into an agreement or a contract with some
other persons or institutions.
Legal Rights. The rights that we acquire when we
become citizens of a certain country or state.
Moral Rights. Rights acquired when one becomes a
moral person or a member of the moral community.
MORAL
Moral Agent Throughout time, individuals
have sought meaning from life. They have
pondered their place in the universe,
CRITERIA
obligations that are given to them? In other
words, what are the standards by which things
are judged to be morally morally personal?
Theories of personhood often discuss such
standards. These theories either seek to define FOR MORAL
the nature of such requirements or seek to
identify such criteria (in terms of their mode of
existence and attribution). Views that address
PERSONHOOD
the former will be referred to as criterial
theories of personhood, whilst views that
address the latter will be referred to as meta-
criterial theories of persons.
. According to the genetic theory, a
person's possession of human DNA or
membership in the species Homo
sapiens defines them. This view
effectively eliminates all non-human
3 criteria
entities (including all kinds of animals,
spiritual beings, and perhaps even theory
extraterrestrials) from the moral
community because it only recognizes Uni-criterial theory
humans as moral persons. This theory
CONSEQUENTIALISM
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 1
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSS:
- Understanding consequentialism
- A Theory of Ethics
- Intrinsic and instrumental good
- Varieties of Consequentialism
- Hendonism and non-hendonism
- Agent relativity and neutrality
- Complex form and representative
Consequentialism is one of the influential ethical
theories. Its central thesis is that, in determining
whether an action is ethically right or wrong, its
effects are what really count. According to this
ethical theory, the type of effects that an
action produces determines simply whether or
not it is moral.
Three aspects of an action
1. its consequences
A THEORY (Consequentialism)
OF ETHICS
2. the rules that if follows or
violates
(Deontology)
3. the character of its agent
(Virtue Ethics)
1. its consequences
(Consequetialism)
- In consideration of its
A THEORY consequences, an action is judged
OF ETHICS to be morally good when it results
to something good or desirable, and
morally bad if otherwise.
2. the rules that if follows or
violates (Deontology)
- In consideration of the rule that
A THEORY it follows of violates, an action is
OF ETHICS judged to be morally good if it
follows a good rule or does not
conform to a bad rule, and morally
bad if it follows a bad rule or
violates a good rule.
3. the character of its agent
(Virtue Ethics)
- In consideration of the character
(or character traits) of the
A THEORY person who performs an action, an
action is judged to be morally good
OF ETHICS if the said action is something that
a of good character, usually called
a virtuous person, would do, and
morally bad if otherwise (that is, if
it is something that a vicious
person would do).
In moral philosophy,
instrumental and intrinsic value
are the distinction between
what is a means to an end and
what is as an end in itself.
consequentialists agree
that it is our moral duty
to maximize an intrinsic
good through the effects
of our actions, they do
not all have the same
views on the intrinsic good.
the word hedonism comes from the
Greek word ‘hedone’ which means
pleasure.
which refers to the belief that the HEDONISM
AND NON-
pleasure or the absence of pain are the
most important principle in determining
the morality of a potential course of
action.
the belief that pleasure, or the absence
HEDONISM
of pain, is the most important principle
in determining the morality of a
potential course of action
Agent-Relative consequentialism gives moral
priority to the agent of an action, Agent-
Neutral consequentialism on the other hand is
impartial to whoever is or are affected by an
action.
Agent-Neutral Agent-Relative
Consequestialism Consequentialism
Hedonism Non-Hedonism