Part 1 1.1 Sequences Sequences are very important in mathematics. Scientists carrying out research will often try to find patterns or rules to describe the results they obtain from experiments. # A number sequence is a set of numbers in a given order Each number in a sequence is called a term. © Here are three sequences. Try to find the next term. a 5,8, 12, 17,2 b 41,247 © 15, 14, 16, 13, 17,2 Exercise 1 1. The numbers in boxes make a sequence. Find the next term, @ {9]f7]fs]fs «v) [4] { 9] [14] [19 co [2] [9] [16] [23 @f2[3][s][s][2 In Questions 2 to 17 write down the sequence and find the next term, 2. 21,17, 13,9 3. 60, $4, 48, 42, 4.1, 2,4, 8, 16, 5.41, 14,2, 6. 3, 44, 6, 74 7, 60, 59, 57, 54, 50, 8. 5,7, 10, 14, 9. 3, 30, 300, 3000, 10, 1-7, 19, 2-1, 23, W. 1, 3,927, 12. 8, 4,0, -4, -8, 13. 7, 5,3, 1, -1, 14,1, 2,4, 7, 1 15, —2, -1, 0,1, 16, 200, 100, 50, 25, 17. 11, 10, 8, 5,1,Part 1 18, Write down the sequence and find the missing number, © [3] [6] [12] [24] (v) [4 10] [13] [16 L4}L_} \ (©) [32] [16 4 @ 6|[{3][][-3! The next four questions are more difficult. Find the next term. 19..1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 20. 2x V,3x 54x60, 21 . 22, 2, 2, 4, 12, 48, 240, Sequence rules © For the sequence 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, ... the first term is 10 and the term-to-term rule is ‘add 3°. For the sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ... the term-to-term rule is ‘double’. Exercise 2 1. The first term of a sequence is 20 and the term-to-term rule is ‘add 5’, Write down the first five terms of the sequence, x You are given the first term and the rule of several sequences. Write down the first five terms of each sequence. First term Rule (a) 8 add 2 (b) 100 subtract 4 ©) 10 double @ = 64 divide by 2 » . The rule for the number sequences below is ‘double and add 1° Find the missing numbers (a) 2-+5 +> B> (b) —>7T +1531 @{ Jo1—>[ |]i ; ‘Sequences 4. The rule for the number sequences below is ‘multiply by 3 and take away 2° Find the missing numbers (a) 2-»4 > 10 +{] (>) E | Tr 9 955 otf J-fj-o . Write down the rule for each of these sequences. 2 (a) 2. 3h 4. (b) 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, (6) 1-5, 16, 1-7, 18, (d) 81, 27, 9, 3, 1, ... . Here is the start of a sequence of rectangles TTT ee Ag - roe [ J squares” 6 squares 12 squares (a) Draw the next rectangle in the sequence and count the squares, (b) The number of squares in the rectangles makes a number pattern. Copy and complete the boxes and circles below. |. Here is the start of a sequence of shapes. Each new diagram is made by adding squares around the outside of the last shape. \sque squares (a) Draw and shade in the next shape in the sequence and count the squares in the shape. (b) The total number of squares in the shapes makes a number pattern. Copy and complete the boxes and circles below. (> B Or (Or Or 1 4 98 2 10. Part 1 In the sequence of squares the number of matches is shown. r 1 ] | aio Ld Lf i on ; i (a) Draw the next square in the sequence and write down the number of matches in the square. (b) Copy and complete the number pattern below. (8) o Or In this question the rule for several different sequences is ‘add 5’. (a) Find a sequence for which all the terms are divisible by 5. (b) Find a sequence for which none of the terms is a whole number. (©) Can you find a sequence with the ‘add $’ rule in which all the terms are odd numbers? 4 2 4 Copy this pattern and write down the next three lines. Do not use a calculator! 1x 999= 999 2 x 999 = 1998 3 x 999 = 2997 4 x 999 = 3996 |. (a) Copy this pattern and write down the next two lines (b) Copy and complete 333 333'333 x 5 = . (a) Look at the pattern below and then continue it for a further three rows, Par4 2434 Peay (©) Write down the line which starts Pt.13. (a) Copy Sequences. pattern and write down the next line. 1x9= 9 2x9 189 321x9= 2889 4321 x9 = 38889 54321 x 9 = 488 889 (b) Complete this line 87654321 x 9 = 14. (a) Copy this pattern and write down the next line. 1+9x 0= : 249% MW 349x 12= 11 449x123=1111 (b) Find the missing numbers (]+9x{- = aun 15. (a) Copy this pattern and write down the next line 3x4=343x3 4x5=444x4 Sx6=S+5x5 (b) Copy and complete 10x = Nx12= 16.* The odd numbers can be added in groups to give an interesting sequence 1 1= PP (xixlh Bo x22) 74+9411 3 6G x3%x3) The numbers 1, 8, 27 are called cube numbers. Another cube number is 5° (we say ‘5 cubed’) S=S5x5x5$=125 Write down the next three rows of the sequence to see if the sum of each row always gives a cube number. 34+5 wun cy 17.* A famous sequence in mathematics is Pascal’s triangle. (a) Look carefully at how the triangle is made, Write down the next row. It starts: 17... (b) Look at the diagonal marked A. Predict the next three numbers in the sequence 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, .... i (©) Work out the sum of the numbers in each row of Pascal's triangle. What do you notice? (@) Without writing down all the numbers, work out the sum of the numbers in the 10th row of the triangle.y Part 1 1.2 Number machines A number machine perfo an operation on numbers A simple operation could be ract multipl is or divide j © The input number goes into the machine. input, | Oe put : © The owput number comes out of the machine, Examples input — machine output ouput so reason s3fe7h-? 2=12 (5 +7 = 12) 2 s+{-3shb¢ @=5 (8-3 =5) 3. 3 x6 iy m=18 (3 x 6 = 18) Exercise 1 Find the outputs from these number machines. 1 4asfishb-© re | 3. 1074 -3>-E 4.14 -9 =Number machines Exercise 2 Find the output, 3. 13-4 4. 73s al .6 5. 4] 6 3+{xsbfxah O 7. 20> 8. ‘ala 9 obey 9.17 w. x+fpabl- nb J n. 5+ 2 13. 12 14, 15. 89> 16. 17. 4234 18. 19. 85>{-58}-{ +9 b- & 20. In Questions 21 to 25 there are several operations. a. s>[x3 {= 10} x2 =o} n.1+{xab{x2 bf op 2b © 24. v>fxs bape nba] z2h{a7} 25, 13 x0| 8 Inverse Operations ¢ Using the inverse (or reverse) we can find the input for any machine, by using the output. ‘i inverse PA — 52 13. Arts =5} 3 2 5 Ji+{-2 {+7 34 L- 24 1. EQS+eubi{xsb oo 2 v. +b Eb: 32 un. X+{x9 +2h 65 L- 64 23. g +[xisbh{-rb-1 39 3. 4-{[xsb{=eb 5 sabe 7 mot =8b{+ab 10 bu 2 +7 -5 ph -4 -6}~1 3? 413 x3 21 26 Mystery machines The following inputs go into a mystery machine ... 3, 6, 27 and 0. The diagram shows the outputs produced ... input machine output ? 3 6 27 0 6 9 30 3 The ‘mystery’ machine has added three to produce the outputs because it links a// the inputs to the outputs in The mystery machine was . +3 the same way. input output