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    Oogenesis 0

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    naji 12
    Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes, or eggs, are formed in the ovaries. It begins during fetal development with the formation of primary oocytes, and takes place in three stages: multiplication of germ cells through mitosis before birth, growth and development from birth until puberty, and maturation of secondary oocytes from puberty until menopause. During maturation, meiosis occurs within follicles in the ovaries, resulting in one viable egg cell and several non-functional polar bodies.

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    Oogenesis 0

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    naji 12
    29 views3 pages
    Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes, or eggs, are formed in the ovaries. It begins during fetal development with the formation of primary oocytes, and takes place in three stages: multiplication of germ cells through mitosis before birth, growth and development from birth until puberty, and maturation of secondary oocytes from puberty until menopause. During maturation, meiosis occurs within follicles in the ovaries, resulting in one viable egg cell and several non-functional polar bodies.

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    Oogenesis: describes process of formation of ovum

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    Oogenesis_0

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    Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes, or eggs, are formed in the ovaries. It begins during fetal development with the formation of primary oocytes, and takes place in three stages: multiplication of germ cells through mitosis before birth, growth and development from birth until puberty, and maturation of secondary oocytes from puberty until menopause. During maturation, meiosis occurs within follicles in the ovaries, resulting in one viable egg cell and several non-functional polar bodies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views3 pages

    Oogenesis 0

    Uploaded by

    naji 12
    Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes, or eggs, are formed in the ovaries. It begins during fetal development with the formation of primary oocytes, and takes place in three stages: multiplication of germ cells through mitosis before birth, growth and development from birth until puberty, and maturation of secondary oocytes from puberty until menopause. During maturation, meiosis occurs within follicles in the ovaries, resulting in one viable egg cell and several non-functional polar bodies.

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    Oogenesis

    Dr Anita Kumari

    Department of Zoology

    LS College

    Oogenesis is the process of formation of female gametes.


    It occurs in the ovary of female animals. It is comparable to
    spermatogenesis so far as nuclear changes are concerned. But the
    cytoplasmic specialization in oogenesis is different from
    spermatogenesis .Oogenesis.process begins inside the fetus before
    birth. The steps in oogenesis up to the production of primary oocytes
    occur before birth. Primary oocytes do not divide further. They either
    become secondary oocytes or degenerate.Oogenesis occurs in the
    outermost layers of the ovaries. Oogenesis starts with a germ cell called
    oogonium and undergoes mitosis to increase in number. The process of
    oogenesis takes place in the following three stages that is, first before
    birth primary oocyte formation .then development from birth to puberty
    and at last development of secondary oocyte from puberty to
    menopause.

    The primary oocyte grows while being arrested in meiosis-I. The


    follicular cells proliferate and form a stratified cuboidal epithelium. Such
    cells are known as granulosa cells. These cells secrete glycoproteins to
    form zona pellucida around the primary oocyte.
    The fluid-filled area, present between granulosa cells, combines to form
    a central fluid-filled space called the antrum. These are known as
    secondary follicles. In every month cycle, these secondary follicles
    develop under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone and
    luteinizing hormone.
    This stage is induced by LH surge, and meiosis-I completes here. Two
    haploid cells of unequal sizes are formed within the follicle. One of the
    daughter cells that receive less cytoplasm forms a polar body. This cell
    does not participate in ovum formation. The other daughter cell is known
    as the secondary oocyte. The two daughter cells undergo meiosis-II.
    The polar body replicates to form two polar bodies, while the secondary
    oocyte arrests in the metaphase stage of meiosis-II.
    Oogenesis is divisible into following three phases:
    1. Multiplication Phase:
    The primary germinal cells of the ovary with diploid number of
    chromosomes (2n) divide several times mitotically so as to form a large
    number of daughter cells known as oogonia .

    2. Growth Phase:
    The oogonium does not divide but increases in size enormously to form a
    primary oocyte. The growth is associated with both nuclear and
    cytoplasmic growth. The nuclear growth is due to accumulation of large
    amount of nuclear sap and is termed as germinal vesicle. The
    cytoplasmic growth is associated with increase in number of
    mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex and
    accumulation of reserve food material called yolk or vitellin.

    3. Maturation phase:
    The primary oocyte undergoes two successive divisions by meiosis. The
    first division is meiosis-I and two unequal daughter cells are produced.
    The large cell is called secondary oocyte containing haploid (n) set of
    chromosomes . The smaller cell is called first polar body or polocyte
    containing ‘n’ number of chromosomes and practically no cytoplasm.

    The secondary oocyte and first polar body then undergo second
    maturation division by meiosis-II which is an equational division. As a
    result of this division one large ovum is formed containing entire amount
    of cytoplasm and ‘n’ number of chromosomes and a second polar body
    like the first polar body.

    Simultaneously, the first polar body may divide into two polar bodies or
    may not divide at all. Thus only one functional ovum is formed and the
    two or three polar bodies soon degenerate. In vertebrates the first polar
    body is formed after the primary oocyte is released from ovary and has
    entered into the oviduct. The second polar body is formed only when the
    sperm enters into ovum during fertilization.

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