Scribd
Upload
70 views22 pages

DECO - Assignment

deco problems

Uploaded by

Keertiraj Hajare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
70 views22 pages

DECO - Assignment

deco problems

Uploaded by

Keertiraj Hajare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22
4)|0) What ane tre differences, betuseen RISC and CPSC procendus 7 | crse Ee Complex dastrvel fon Set Conpten o Reduced Insluctor set computer & Suppats greater ro-of foshuios + Sepa fener ro,of farstwctors A Suppik EE addiomteg modes 7 SeppmK -eo addwentng modes fa wremdiy acces AB mem@ey acces # Nostale lerglh Gstwelfos ok Poced lengli fasbiocttons 2 Non BHthogonal fstuclon sek A Orthogonal. fostrociton fet # Derign 4 compiler % complex x Destqn 4 compilen %& eosey Bary ao feplement # Complore to Fonploment re Bwall code sfzes + Large code etyex Expenctue Low of Cost Ht Several Ceycle Hrhucttors * Stee Cycle hrstwoctfors # Montpulation directly fo & Hariputation only eee Reghstax a Micvo programmed Corl ort 4 Hand wired Conbal ent fx, Dntel x86, Molla 6eeo EX! ARM, AVR, Pc Ay « Reduced code Ske tds + Simpler carhoettors + MBie memduy efffefent + Fasten executfon + Welly vsed + lero power comromptfon pice Adve Df Adu + Hower fr execitton + Mae fashocHons reputed + Mie comples dogn + Gnereared memby Usage + High power consomplfon + langen code ste b) Dereatbe hagdustre control onft and ts advartaqes tard wired conbrol ust > A hardwired contvol unt 7% also Keown ay a Avxed control uf th a dompolen syslew ae Sh fe typically fmplemented using combirattonat ogfe afreusts » sch ar legte qater and motifplexers and decoders be sequenttot logte cfeutts , 00h as {p- flops k Seuser a dedteated cfeathy A eh wiring to corel fle Seqencirg ond execution d tsbuckfos Advantages’: (ly Hondeotrod contol untt fast dee tothe wre ef combination) cheurts to genevote stqrals, we Sb depends on no- gates» how muh delay can occu tH generation G Control Sh can be opttntyed to produce the fast made f epenatin Aly Fasten Jhan mtcvo~ progranmed eonhal Unt 5) Hedoes nat vequfre contol wenhy | Bxplata different: moder of data transien fo To fnlerlactng Hodes of To Cota Transfer Datatrantfen behseen -Ihe central untt and Tf, devicer can be handled # 3 types of modes - ' b Programmed To 2 Dnlemopt ntHated /, & DMA ( Direct Memb Accen) . - |) Programmed Yo *- a Rrogranmed Yo trehweHfons aoa the vowlt f Ty fashucttow * wiftien & computer program i de Eacly ‘doko Hora -Hansfer fe titHected by the fashuction & progam 4A Useally the program controls data Hensler toand fom CPL and pertpheral- 4 Wansfenirg dato urden programed Wo wequives constant montt Bing of the pertphenats by the ¢PO po patetus mates) srenface addvew | po, [eroatnes| (=r) (eaence Cele Sntexropt Antatedl T/o Sn the programmed Ty method , the CPO Stays fr the PrOqran loop UAH He D/o unt mdicates that PF & ready {8 data transfer. This F& Hme comtinuhg proces because tH keeps He procewa bury needlenly . ab This. problems can be overceme by Lith Antewupt fotHtaled To - In this when the trterface determmres trat the peripherial % ready jg data transfer, FH generates and srtewopt + After veceting she &tewoph ATgnat pthe ceo stops the fark ich HIS procenfng and service the Bie Wonsfen and tren retouw book to Ht previous procersing task: Assce Ro cemmand to Tol, cro Ws BDivect Mem@uy Actes (oma) Rerrenirg the CP homcthe pal and letting the peripheral device manage the men Buy buses dtectty would fnprove te speed of tranuten Tes tecbrRque te known as OMA: A 4n thie, the ftorfece shansfer data -to and from the oe Aivough trentig a + 4A DMA contrellen manages -to shanslen data blo pevphenals me BR- Gus vesieet on ere ORE ent | Ba- Bes Grant No cro * [> Hones boo Ag tue DMA o> soch ax dR dive controllers » graphte cards nekodk cards ¥ Sound aands eter. ; + $146 abso ened 48 faho chp data transfor fo mulitde procembe + din DMA, CPO could MeHfate tte strousien , do often cperatt ons ele He Hansln te fr progres i vecebe an frlewopt fom the DHA Controller when te hansen hos been completed Space effictency ,\ Herttetltty . b) Explar bus anbttratton schemes with diagvarns. Bua Prbthation Sekemes / Snten-procers Avbtbration )- = dna computer system jrastifple’ devtees such’as the CPU, wreniy sand 7/6 controllers arc Connected’ fo & common Commentcadion pathway Kroon an a buy. 7 Ont one of there (cpr ,memay + t/o ) 60% be qranted to we dhe bus aba Hue _> Avbtfratfon mechantim % needed to handle molttfple Yequerts to the thaned wesoumeo to vesdlve moltfple ‘ comtenton | confl2cts fo are aysten. 3 Therzeoe 4190 approaches d fater- proces ank#wation te 1) Satie aolothation 2+ Dyramte aatitvalfon 4, Stakfe Ackihalfon > tht siatfe Saeriaceonieontats soo types theey ana. . . 4, Kevtat Arfotfration (Cafsy chaining) : wii) Rezaltel Arbitration © dh Sextat frbsthration eto teetlcoee 2s" Belay Chatty Method”, Thfe metied Connectt moltfple cleufces & Components fra sentes uring a afrgle Communteatton ine a signal poh. + Sn dies method , the cobra 4 cre desis %& comected to the fopuk d the next device » {Bring a ehath~ ke shuchae + Advantages are 2 Ymple and gheapen » Yeduced 4fnat lines, | Dane the, ler Po Pr Po 1 PO . Pop > DiMvieS » | [x f= fer cps leroy v Bus tie PE prlitly Hp V dejan + Po —priatty 9p FE any epo wank to acces ft should became (67) ere Roaattel_Avbitvadion'|- In paratte anlottratfon , multiple procends have direct accors “+ the arbitration mechanfim determines echfch vequost(s) gheuld be granted accom to He shaned yerounce bared on predeffnred voles & pridtty scherner 4itghat- praita lorest party en Cus Bus, eS Arh Ber Ae Aru ee roe Res ace Rete eg ee Oxr Pratt, encoder 4 dee decoder peteclesal toc shared Yorcumce and can independently request accom toll} 2, Dynarnte Adbttalton . ¥ PrBittes. d the unfit can be dgrortcalle changeable dile the oa te be eres — the arante oabttration hoy ly methete« They. ae : a Time Sice : : . Pred lengli Tiwe sltce fs qten sequentially to each process -to exuwe fone allccatton by allousing eack prceensd 4o have acer to He verounce, {8 a spectfrc perfod. ke yound Yolen fashion. ty Folltag Sh o procens i tN contincouily checking 4 bus tdrethar PL % free BH rot ty Belen to ere 7k by ceo & proces) til, ERO Cleast-vecentty used) the ledrt recertty ted algdtthne ates tee highest Praatty bo the yequestHtrg, devte thak box not txed bus the longest trtemval.- . tu, FORO athe 4Wet come tivet conve echeme veqisosts eng Severed fa the Sden YecePued + the bur controller here wratMtouss a queue dato stuckusy | A) Yoke the chanactentstfca of molt —procem&s Hulit-procemBal. A set of procem&s connected by a commerfcasion netoalc « Amolttprocenta ayslem ¥e an ftencennec tron of too & MAE CPU's ust sreBuy and Fapuk ~ootput equipment Antenprecesty Commumteatton Nekotike * Molipreceming kntveanes Jno. voltalksttty, ef dhe syem. sito fatten Nex sae precen& fo fail, & Second precenf) con be awlgred fo Pen the ts + the d¥satled ne 4 MolHtpree. oe Impovers the seystens pen{Bmarce “by parallel and drolibuted Computing | proceming # SM sAvppats Hutt tasked ak a wide —range + ‘the Muoltf precentig helps fm frevearing fro Hroughput (te number of Procemtes excetas 4a an unt of Hme) 3 |b) tohak fe Addvewing rede? Explam I types ta detail, Addvemdng, Mede + $$ & a method & deahnfgue tsed by Qa Computen procem® to Spectiy tre locaton & addver df Cpeands, & data in memby 4 Proceming « —? YH determines hows the procew& faterepls the operands addvemes fr thtructions and vetfeves ine correspond aq, deta. from werBy Tijpes of Addlrewing meden) . w Implted Hode + Sn 4h7s mede ne cperarde one apectfied forgery SK the dotinftten af the thshuction. J = Fa example, tne mstyuctfon "Complement acgcumolata” f& an fmplied- wede tshoeten becawe the operant tm the Accumulate vegtster tS fmpl/ed th tee def qf te trstuctton — Sneed no addrow fetd at all. 8) Ammedtate Fe Mode + # Sn His mode he cpenand ts specified frthe fashuctfon rele % Ammedfate wede insbuctten has an operand rather Han an addres freld re There ane vrefut 4a MtHaltsing vetslou 40a. constant vali 1S Regfsten Mode 1 4 Sm 4h’ rode tre cponands aro a vegfeles that vextde Lotti the ¢Po | the panticulan vegfsten 1 selected toma regtten freld the frstroction, ly Regisken Sncreck Mode + sk fn fafs mode, the Mshoetton three -addyem mstyuttton fmats can Ure each addren, field to Apectiy efthen a Precena veqiiten aa membly operand] —> the Proqmars to evaluate X= (ALAD* (o40) F% as fellors ADD RA, A,B R4e— Mat + MCB} ACD Ro ¢, © R2<— M[e] + M Co] MoL. xX, RA, RD M(x] <— Ri * R2. —> The symbol MTA] denotes the operand at memBy addven Syrtooltized by A 2-Addrem Snshuekfows - > Teo-addvere fastwetfom, fama ure each addvow freld Can Apecthy ether a proces: Yedfiten 8 remay wad — the Program to evaluate x (At B)t (C4n) K& a follonss Mov R4, A RA <— MEAT APD RA, B R4¢—R4 + MCR] Mov Rec R2X<— Mic] ADD R2, BO R2<— R24 Mid] MuL RA, Ro Ri<— R41 * RD Mov Ke, RL M(xJe— RL 7 the Mov fustwictfon moves &) transfers the epenands -to and from MemBuy ond procemd vegistens . Gea 4~ Addvew Snshvokfors |, | 7 Cne-addvew fustucHons tue an kmplied accuumulater (Ac) register f& all data wantpolatfon > the peqam te evalnle X= (Arp)* (cp) & LoAD AC <~ M[A) ADD Ac <— Ac + M(B] STORE M(t] <— Ac App MoL STorE A B tT loans ¢ Ac <—— M{c} D Ac <—AC + M(pj aly Kc <—AC+ MET] x MO] e— ac — AX epenattonr ane done betoeen -the Ac vegicfen and a remy Spenand — T BR the cddvesw a tompBiony memBuy locatfon veyutved 48 BIRR the Frtermedfate yeywtt: = Bddvew Snitwetionl A cack Bqarksed competan docs Mot tee an addxew Held 48) the strecttors ADD ard Mou 2 the PUSH and POR Fhehuclfows, phowseven sneod an addren Held +e Apectiy dhe eperand Hak commerfaates Lofth dee Hace > the preqran to cudluate k= CARI (CED) Puc A Tos e— A TS — Bed stack Post a TOs <— ARE TOS <— (Ate) Bets e Tose — fos . ToS — b APD Tos ¢— (c+5) Mo Tos <— (C+0)* (a4 a) PoP XK Rise M(x] tos —7 Te evaluate eatihrrette exprevtonr M9 a toate aonputer, Pt IS mecevrary to convent the exprewfon inte revere palich nolatin —> the name “zero-—addven" fe qven to tnfc type of Computer doe to the aboecoato of an addrow {teld te 4b0 Computedtianat twshoction b) rte a ghd neler on Oata tranlen end Man? pulatfon fashwettons » a Most Computen tasfwelfors can be clauffted thle three cotegSien . Wh Data transten trtiucttou, & Bata maripolatten fashackfons Or Program control frrtruck{ors . Vata Tranthen etree tions # Dato tranten Mastwetforn ware data trom ene place fr the Computer te arotnen without charging te data conlent a A The mest common -hanilow Coe behoeen memBy and procor Vegisten , between procend vegtctes and fp 3 cutput ard behocen the precend ragfster themsetves Name Mremente, Load > LO chhe ST Move Mov Exchange xeH Depot iN Cot put our Pushy Posty Ff PoP 2) Data Manfpulatton Styl 9 Dato. Marfpulatfon fastructtos perfann spenctfons on dota ard provide Ine eompotattonal capabilites th computer. + There ane difded fro Hares hante types! 3, Aytthenettc frstyuction vit, Legteak and ERE warkpulatfon tmatwetfons . Gh Sete dushvetfons th Aytitmetic fahwoettor > the foun bare arithmetic epencifos are add?tion, Aubhatton mulitplication and dtvicton. Name, Mnemonic dhevement Ne Decrement pee ran ADD Sobtract eb Hetesply MOL Bide an Add. vf carvcy ABS Sobfract ih bewous SUBR Negate (2's Complement) NEG Gh Legfeat and bie mantoulation mulesetfonk 7 legteat thshwetfouw, Perfarm birany Cpeattony on stitogs ¢ bi 48a, veggcten, i they are Weta {8 wanfpula ting wdeidoal Kee a 2 group 4 yhak Ve presont fofrasuy ceded fnfamatton > the legfeak thutuetrons, eom@len each byt of the operand Separeleli % Freak Hana beolean vortlite Name Mneronte Clean CLR Complement corn AND ON oR oR Exclurive ~OR XOR Clean caro CLRE Sek coy sete Complernent cory Come Eratle @ermept er Disatle irlewupt or Wi, SheLE Snstwse tions |. > Shifts ane epenatfom fy which dhe bik cf ao wid ane moved to the left & vight —7 the bik sbffted mat the end of the Wad determines the type gf shite Used 7 MEE dauhrcotfos Moy spe0hhy loafeak Sifts ,cxtthrnette ahelts , & rotate type openatfors —7 4n efthen care te eat way be to He vant & to the'tert| Names Mnemontc. Ledfeat shift want- SHR logfeak sett lee SHL Atthrnoife sett viqht SHRA PrAthonalte helt let Su Rotate sight ROR Rejate loft ROL Rotate vin Ahvoagh Ceoouy Rore Relate left Anreughh cooviy Role 3) Reegremn Contra. HK Preqvan Control daytyoctfons, SpecFfy eondetrons 4a alerting Ake content of the proqyam counter e this tashuction provides conhal cen lhe flor ¢ preqran exearton and a Capalality 4a brarching to different Pregram Aeqments » Mose Mnerrontc Branch BR dump IMP Ske skp Cott CALL Rehoun RET Compare (by au>traction) emp Text Cay AN Ding’) aan # Byanohand fomp thileucttos may be condeHenal & Uncondtitemat HAN doneondttHonal branch anshvetion Caures o branch to the Apeettfed addvers uthout any conctitfons # the cond#ifonat brarch fazhucl fon spectites a condition suchas branch 4 poshve & arch tt ero. 2) Brplarn ckouk Arttimetfe Microcpenattons by uakag we hardicane Rmplenentatfor\. Avitemette Mfovoopenattens |. Pertaim antjhmette epenatton On numente data alaed ta veg fete. pee. “4 ae The barke coitthmetic micro- openations are additton, substinction) facvement, ckecvemenk , shit Blears Addon H Digftal cfreurt thrak fama fro antmette Zon q 2 bt ard Ine prevfous earouy # called Full Alder, # Digital cieuse trot genenates the arttnmet2e som aa bfrony rele ef any lengths? cated Binary Addon 8. So Ss SS Sy len MB AxbiL bioaxy adden + tsB Bioeng Adele = Stbract i # the addftfon and Acblvaction Cperatfors ean he combtred katy Cre commen efeust by froluding an exclusive ~oR gete Hs each futl—adden., ay Ts es. Aa be A Bo Ao Mod Eft (Ht Cy Ss Ss) So Ss He The vrode fopuk 1 controls jhe epenalten . tshen M=6 Mle ctreutt 6 an adele anc when Med the @feert becomes a boblvacth ny me Bivens Weversenioty. # the thovement mfcrcopenatton adds one toa nemben na vey + FS egy HE U-WE weghiten hos a binary value 440 #4 nAll Jo to O444 aften I te fncvemented 4 Thi can be accomplichad lag rneans q batt-acdeu connected % cascade Harduone Implementation F_Arttimette crroutt | H# The barte component ef an antinmelte etrouh re tha poraliel adden # By conbelling the dala. Mout. 4p the adden , HF pourtle to oblaty déftercnt 4Ypes OL aoPIamotic Cpenaton # the dfaqran 4 GbR coltimetfe iret & ahas foun - fall-addon ereouutts Hrat: constitute the Ube acklen and evs, mutttpleces fd cheating AP ferent | cperattons % 5) Bxplaty dhe uadiking 4 a G~bft Synchrorous lorrary Counter Lott dagquan Ring Counter) $1.4 a fypelxonaws rang cae HR Mog counten t a typteal applecation of the shift: veqition 4 Fe almost tame an shift vagiclen He ohly change fs that dhe op & lark Wip-Hlop te) eonnected to Yo q Anet flp-Hoy No. cf slater fr wing counten = Nog {iptieps ened > Perigtrg bP wing counter toe ure & fUp ters Oa (n41) = Ds = Q5Cn) Qs, . @% BEd = dss alm) Tih © © 0 0 chk a ey te fe | ee Ue Toted no-df Sater = | e. ao oto _ poutte cee, 4 EO mgt se ; Unured States » Seu ce 4 oN lea oO MSE Oced Stata + Pourlote states —s 9% Unused tates = 29

You might also like