Experimental research focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships under controlled conditions. It has advantages like identifying the strength of relationships and controlling variables, but disadvantages like artificial findings and requiring time and complex designs. Ethical principles for experiments involving humans include obtaining informed consent, avoiding harm, and maintaining confidentiality. For animal experiments, ethical standards require considering the animals' welfare and proper handling by trained researchers.
Experimental research focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships under controlled conditions. It has advantages like identifying the strength of relationships and controlling variables, but disadvantages like artificial findings and requiring time and complex designs. Ethical principles for experiments involving humans include obtaining informed consent, avoiding harm, and maintaining confidentiality. For animal experiments, ethical standards require considering the animals' welfare and proper handling by trained researchers.
Experimental research focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships under controlled conditions. It has advantages like identifying the strength of relationships and controlling variables, but disadvantages like artificial findings and requiring time and complex designs. Ethical principles for experiments involving humans include obtaining informed consent, avoiding harm, and maintaining confidentiality. For animal experiments, ethical standards require considering the animals' welfare and proper handling by trained researchers.
Experimental research focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships under controlled conditions. It has advantages like identifying the strength of relationships and controlling variables, but disadvantages like artificial findings and requiring time and complex designs. Ethical principles for experiments involving humans include obtaining informed consent, avoiding harm, and maintaining confidentiality. For animal experiments, ethical standards require considering the animals' welfare and proper handling by trained researchers.
It is the technique that focuses on cause-and-effect EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
relationship. Advantages: It enables the researchers to identify the casual relationships that leads to observation under a. It identifies the strength of casual controlled situations. relationship. b. One or more variables can be under the Basic concept of causation control of the researcher. “causality” refers to the condition in which once c. Findings are applicable to everyday life event generates another event. situation or problem.
The even manipulated is called “cause” and what Disadvantages:
happens after that produces another event is called “effect” a. Laboratory findings are artificial and have a tendency to generalize real life situations. John Stuart Mill (1874) b. It is time consuming and difficult to design. c. It is not fully adequate to make a valid and 1. Method of agreement- identification of a reliable measure of human behavior. common from a similar event. 2. Method of difference- where there is one ETHNICAL PRINCIPLES IN CONDUCTING situation that leads to an effect. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 3. Method of joint agreement and difference- the application of both the The American Psychological Association (1981, method of agreement and the method of 1987) have issued ethnical guidelines for difference. researchers involving human participant and animal 4. Method of concomitant variation- the subjects. degree to which the effect took place is considered. ETHNICAL RESEARCH (HUMAN PARTICIPANTS) PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS 1. Responsibility- protect the right of the This are objective analysis and observation of participants. phenomena that are made to occur under controlled 2. Must establish the objectives of the situations. research- both participants and research must clarify the obligations and “phenomena” are not any overt manifestation responsibilities. behavior. “controlled situations” the influence of 3. Informed consent- full awareness must be variables other that than manipulated by the given to the participants. experimenter are eliminated “consistency” 4. Respect the individual’s freedom to eliminating the influence of all variables except one decline participation. of interest “variations” one or more variables must 5. Protect from harm- researchers must assist be deliberately modified. participants from physical and mental discomfort and any changes that may arise from the study. 6. Confidentiality- results and findings must be maintained to protect under invasion of privacy.
ETHNICAL RESEARCH (ANIMAL)
1. Moral and legal standard.
2. Students are encouraged to select animals that are small and manageable. 3. The presence of qualified supervisors should be ensured so that the students are trained in the care of handling of animals. 4. The basic daily needs of each animal shall be of the prime concern. 5. When the research experiment has been completed, the supervisor is responsible for proper disposition of animals. 6. No student shall inflict pain, severe deprivation, or high stress to the animals.
