What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master how social sciences emerge and how does it link to the natural sciences.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module have one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – Major Event and Contribution of Social Science Disciplines

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the major events that led to the emergence of the social science
disciplines;
2. enumerate the contributions of social science disciplines; and
3. demonstrate the historical foundation of social science disciplines.

What I Know
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Anthropology traces its roots to ancient __________ historical and philosophical
writings about human nature and the organization of human society.
a. British c. French
b. European d. Greek

2. Anthropologists generally regard __________, a Greek historian who lived in the

400s B.C., as the first thinker to write widely on concepts that would later
become central to anthropology.

a. Charles Darwin c. Ibn Khaldun

b. Herodotus d. John Locke
3. The __________ economists developed the theories about how markets and
market economies work; focusing on the dynamics of economic growth.
a. Classical c. Neoclassical
b. Medieval d. Renaissance

4. The __________ was the first civilization to practice a form of geography that was
more than mere map making or cartography.
a. Greek c. Roman
b. Persian d. None of the above

5. Who hypothesized and scientifically demonstrated that the Earth has a

spherical shape?
a. Aristotle c. Herodotus
b. Eratosthenes d. Strabo

6. One of his important contributions include the creation of three different

methods for projecting the Earth’s surface on a map, the calculation of
coordinate locations.
a. Aristotle c. Herodotus
b. Eratosthenes d. Ptolemy

7. It is the oldest branch of sociolinguistics and the study of regional differences in

language.
a. Dialectology c. Language Planning
b. Ethnography of Speaking d. Variationist Sociolinguistics

___8. This is when a smaller speech community is in some way restricted in social
interaction with a larger speech community that shares the same language.
a. Linguistic isolation c. Social isolation
b. Physical isolation d. None of the above
___9. Who among the following is known as the father of political science?
a. Aristotle c. Rene Descartes
b. Plato d. None of the Above

___10. Who among the following is known as the father of modern political science?
a. Aristotle c. Plato
b. Machiavelli d. Rene Descartes
11. Who published the “On the Origin of Species”, detailing his view of evolution
and expanding the theory of “Survival of the Fittest”?
a. Charles Darwin c. Franz Gall
b. Francis Galton d. Franz Mezmer

12. Who among the following published the “Interpretation of Dreams”, marking
the beginning of Psychoanalytic Thought?
a. Alfred Binet c. Sigmund Freud
b. John Dewey d. William James

13. The term sociology was coined by the French philosopher __________ in 1838
who for this reason is known as the “Father of Sociology”.
a. Auguste Comte c. John Dewey
b. Carl Jung d. Sigmund Freud

14. Which of the following time period influenced the development of Sociology?
a. Industrial Revolution
b. Rise of Capitalism and Socialism
c. The political revolutions sweeping Europe during the 18 th and 19th
centuries
d. All of the above
15. What stage of the demographic transition model showed that the introduction
of modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children, while birth
rates remain high?
a. Stage 1 b. Stage 3
c. Stage 2 d. Stage4

In the development of the history of science, the histories of the individual

scientific disciplines have played an enormously significant role. The goals and
functions of these have recently received considerable attention, both because of
the influence that such histories have had on the legitimacy and self-image of the
disciplines and also because of the adaptability that they have shown when faced
with the conceptual and methodological changes that they have undergone.

Directions: List down the nine disciplines of social sciences on the first column
then briefly describes the functions on the next column. Use a separate bond paper.
What is It

Just like an identical twin, the different disciplines of social science have
similarities despite of their differences.
According to Quexbook, 2018 Anthropology traces its roots to Ancient Greek historical and
philosophical writings about human nature and the organization of human society.
According to Quexbook, 2018 The Modern Economics, which is still beingstudied today, is
the result of the efforts of ancient or Pre classical (384 B.C - 1776), classical (1776 - 1871),
Neoclassical (1871 - today) and Islamic Economists.
According to Quexbook, 2018 Some of the first truly geographical studies occurred more
than four thousand years ago. The main purpose of these early investigations was to map features
and places observed as explorers travelled to new lands. At this time, Chinese, Egyptian, and
Phoenician civilizations were beginning to explore the places and spaces within and outside their
homelands.
The earliest evidence of such explorations come from the archaeological discovery of a
Babylonian clay tablet map that dates back to 2300 BC.
According to Quexbook, 2018 People with a certain word choice, syntax, and pronunciation
are revealed to be members of a particular speech community; a group of people who share social
conventions about language use. Some features are noticeable (salient) and are recognized within
the community as having a
particular social meaning. Other features are sociolinguistic indicators that can be associated with
certain social characteristics. Different speech communities may reflect subsets of the same
language called dialects.
According to Quexbook, 2018 From the late 1950s to mid-1980s, works in the history of
Political Science stand out by their sheer rarity. Earlier political scientists were rather (though not
exceptionally) more historical in their disciplinary self - understanding. Wilhelm Wundt opened the
first experimental laboratory in Psychology at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Credited with
establishing psychology as academic discipline, Wundt’s students include Emil Kraepelin, James
McKeen Cattell, and G. Stanley Hall.
According to Quexbook, 2018 Although sociology has its roots in the works of philosophers
like Plato, Aristotle, and Confucius, it is a relatively new academic discipline. It emerged in the
early nineteenth century in response to the challenges of modernity.
According to Quexbook, 2018 The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on
historical population trends of two demographic characteristics - birth rate and death rate - to
suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country
develops economically.
Founder of Different Disciplines

1. Anthropology: Edward Burnett Taylor (1832 - 1917)

According to Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
 English cultural anthropologist
 First to hold the chair in the subject at Oxford University in the UK in 1896
 Coined the term “culture”
 Wrote “Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization"

2. History: Herodotus (484 B.C - 425 B.C) According to Mark, 2018

 Greek Historian
 Treated historical subjects as a method of investigation
 Collected historical materials systematically and critically and arranged them into a historical narrative.
 Wrote “Histories” which is the record of ancient traditions and culture of Greece, Asia and Africa

3. Economics: Adam Smith (1723 - 1790) According to Butler, 2016

 Founder of Classical School
 Constructed an explanation on how social behavior is regulated
 Saw a world where each person sought their own self - interest but was constrained by morality,
markets and government
 Wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776

4. Geography: Eratosthenes (276 B.C - 194 B.C) According to Russell, 2017

 Greek geographer
 Became chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria
 Accepted the concept that the Earth is round and calculated its circumference to within 0.5 percent
accuracy
 Described the known areas of the world and divided the earth into five climatic regions
 Prepared the earliest maps of the known world

5. Linguistic: Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 - 1913) According to Mambrol, 2018

 Swiss linguist
 Posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and therefore that all languages function in a similar fashion
 Published “Memoire sur le systeme primitifdes voyelles dans les langues indo-europeenes.”
6. Political Science: Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C) According to Neonatal, 2016

 Political scientist
 Laid down the foundation of governance and leadership
 He said “man by nature is a political animal”.
 He wrote “The Politics”.

7. Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920) According to McLeod, 2008

 German Psychologist
 Opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879
 Trained Psychology students to make observations that were biased by personal interpretation or
previous experience and used the results to develop a theory of conscious thought
 Wrote “Principles of Physiological Psychology.”

8. Sociology: Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) According to Lyudmila, 2000

 French sociologist
 Coined the term “sociology”
 Advocated the application of scientific method to social life and positivism.
 Wrote “Cours de Philosophie Positive” published from 1830 - 1842 in five volumes.
Independent Activity 2
Directions: Think of a very memorable experience you had. Choose one social
science discipline that had a big influence on you that led to the significant
decision you made for that experience. Do this on the separate paper.

Independent Assessment 2

True or False: Write the word Yehey if the statement is correct and Yahoo if it is
not. Write your answer on a separate paper.

________1. Different speech communities may reflect subsets of the same language
called dialects.
________2. People with a certain word choice, syntax, and pronunciation are
revealed to be members of a particular speech community.
________3. Sigmund Freud opened the first experimental laboratory in psychology
at the University of Leipzig, Germany.
________4. The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical
population trends of two demographic characteristics.
________5. The earliest evidence of such explorations come from the archaeological
discovery of a Sumerian clay tablet map that dates back to 2300 BC.
________6. Edward Burnett Taylor wrote “Researched into the Early History of Mankind and the
Development of Civilization”.
________7. Adam Smith collected historical materials systematically and critically and arranged them into a
historical narrative.
________8. Herodotus wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776.
________9. Eratosthenes described the known areas of the world and divided the Earth into five climatic
regions.
________10. Charles Darwin wrote “Principles of Physiological Psychology.”
________11.Through the Medieval and Renaissance periods, history was often studied through a sacred
or religious perspective.
________12.Economics was not considered a separate discipline until the eighteenth century.
________13.In medieval times, scholars argued that it was a moral obligation of business to sell goods at a
just price.
________14.The Ancient French made the first contribution to the subject through measuring the Earth
using grids of meridians.
________15. The formal study of language began in China.

Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Who wrote “Researched into the Early History” of Mankind and the
Development of Civilization?
a. Aristotle c. Edward Burnett Taylor
b. Auguste Comte d. Herodotus

2. He wrote “Histories” which is the record of ancient traditions and culture of Greece, Asia and
Africa.
a. Aristotle c. Edward Burnett Taylor
b. Auguste Comte d. Herodotus

3. He wrote “The Politics”.

a. Aristotle c. Edward Burnett Taylor
b. Auguste Comte d. Herodotus

4. Who wrote the “Cours de Philosophie Positive” published from 1830 - 1842 in 5
volumes?
a. Aristotle c. Edward Burnett Taylor
b. Auguste Comte d. Herodotus
5. He wrote the “Principles of Physiological Psychology.”
a. Adam Smith c. Ferdinand de Saussure
b. Eratosthenes d. Wilhelm Wundt

6. Who wrote the “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776?

a. Adam Smith c. Ferdinand de Saussure
b. Eratosthenes d. Wilhelm Wundt

7. He published the “Memoire sur le systeme primitifdes voyelles dans les langues
indo-europeenes.”
a. Adam Smith c. Ferdinand de Saussure
b. Eratosthenes d. Wilhelm Wundt

8. He prepared the earliest maps of the known world.

a. Adam Smith c. Ferdinand de Saussure
b. Eratosthenes d. Wilhelm Wundt

9. It traces its roots from natural history which is the study of plants, animals and
humans with reference to their history and native environment.
a. Anthropology c. Psychology
b. Demography d. Sociology

10. In here people engaged in the study of this discipline because it satisfies their
natural curiosity about foreign places and different ways of life.
a. Economics c. History
b. Geography d. Linguistics

11. Where did the formal study of language begin?

a. Germany c. Thailand
b. India d. United States of America

12. The intellectual, scientific and industrial revolutions which happened in Europe
in the middle of the 19th century led to the development of what discipline?
a. Demography c. Political Science
b. History d. Sociology

13. When did the theoretical and practical study of the state and the politics begin?
a. way back to the time of the Ancient Greeks, about 500 - 300 B.C
b. way back to the time of the Ancient Greeks, about 900 - 600 B.C
c. way back to the time of the Ancient Greeks, about 800 - 500 B.C
d. way back to the time of the Ancient Greeks, about 200 - 100 B.C

14. It was not considered as a separate discipline until the nineteenth century.
a. Anthropology c. Political Science
b. Economics d. Social Sciences
15. Through the Medieval and Renaissance periods, this discipline was often
studied through a sacred or religious perspective.
a. Demography b. History c. Linguistics d. Sociology