Anu Final. Com

6009 (PART-
2)PROJECTAPROJECTR
EPORTON
STRUCTURALDESIGNANDANALYSISOFBUILDING
in partial fulfillment for the award

ofDiplomainCivil Engineering
Submitted
byANUPAMAT
19018436
SCMSCOLLEGE OFPOLYTECHNICS
Vaikkara,Perumbavoor–683549.Ernakulam.
VISemester/III Year/ AcademicYear2021-2022

6009 (PART-
2)PROJECTAPROJECTR
EPORTON
STRUCTURALDESIGNANDANALYSISOFBUILDING
in partial fulfillment for the award

ofDiplomainCivilEngineering
Submitted
byANUPAMAT
19018436
SCMSCOLLEGEOFPOLYTECHNICS
VISemester/III Year/ AcademicYear2021-2022

BONAFIDECERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Report Entitled “STRUCTURAL DESIGN

ANDANALYSIS OF BUILDING” was presented by Ms. ANUPAMA T
M,RegisterNo.19018436intheSixthSemesterofDiplomainCivilEngineeringatSCMSC
ollege of Polytechnics, Vaikkara, Perumbavoor during the academic year 2019-
2022.Itiscertifiedthat,allcorrectionsandsuggestionsindicatedforfinalassessmenthave
beenincorporatedinthereport.Thereporthasbeenapprovedasit satisfies all the
academic requirements with respect to curriculum prescribed
forthepartialfulfillmentoftherequirementfortheawardofDiplomainCivilEngineering
from theBoard ofTechnical EducationDepartment, Kerala.
Ms. ROSHNI ELDHOSE Mr.ARUNKUMARK.K

(PROJECT&SEMINARGUIDE) Head ofCivil
LecturerinCivilEngineeringDepartment EngineeringDepartment
INTERNALEXAMINER EXTERNALEXAMINER
SCMSCOLLEGEOFPOLYTECHNICS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Anyworkwouldnotbecompletedwithoutthementionedpeoplewhoseguidanceandencouragement
led to the development of the work. We consider ourselves privileged to expressgartitudeand
respect towardsall those whoguidedus throughoutour work.
WeexpressprofoundgratitudetoDr.InduNair,Director,SCMSCollegeofPolytechnics,Vaik
kara,Perumbavoorforofferringusachance.
WeexpressprofoundgratitudetoProf.BabyP.P,Principal,SCMSCollegeofPolytechnics,Vai
kkara,Perumbavoorforhis support and motivation.
WeareextremelygratefultoMr.ArunkumarkK.K,HeadofCivilEngineeringDepartmentfor
hisimmensehelpandencouragementgivenduringthecourseoftheprojectwork.
We are deeply indebted and gratefully acknowledge the constant support and
valuablepatronageofourproject
guideMrs.RoshniEldhose,LecturerofCivilEngineeringDepartment.
Weexpressoursincerethankstotheteachingandnon-teachingstaffsfortheircooperation, for
providing a very good infrastructure and all the kindness forwarded to us incarryingout this
projectwork in college.
We also thank our classmates for their help in bringing out this project work within
astipulated time.
The report would be incomplete if we do not thank our parents and well-wishers for
theirmoralsupport duringthecourseof project.
Aboveall,weknow withgratitude beforeGodAlmightyforall hisblessings.
i
ABSTRACT
This project is intended to illustrate the structural design of a veterinary hospital in detail
withusing Auto CAD and manually calculating using limit state method of design and SI
unitsconform toIS .456– 2000.It incorporates the design of slabs, beams, columns ,stairs
andcolumnfootingsof different types.
In this project, it is particularly taken a veterinary hospital ofsize 20mX 21m including RRCSlab,
Beams, Column, Footing and staircase.Loads taken for design is as per IS 875-(1987).This
design will give a good exercise for beginners in the field of design in understanding
thedesignprinciplesandpracticesandthe usingofsoftwareAutoCAD.
i
LISTOFCONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
LISTOFCONTENTS iii
LISTOFFIGURE vi
LISTOFTABLES vii
LISTOFABBREVIATION viii
1 CHAPTER1 :INTRODUCTION 1
2 CHAPTER2:LITERATURE REVIEW 2
3 CHAPTER3 :OBJECTIVEAND METHODOLOGY 4
3.1 OBJECTIVE 4
3.2 METHODOLOGY 4
4 CHAPTER4:PROJECTPLANNINGANDDRAWING 5
4.1 PROJECTPLANNING 5
4.1.1 ECONOMY INCONSTRUCTION 5
4.1.2 PLANNING OF BUILDING 5
4.1.3 ORIENTTIONOF BUILDING 5
4.1.4 VENTILATION 6
4.1.5 WINDOWS 6
4.1.6 CONSIDERATIONEFFECTING COST 6
4.1.7 AESTHETICVIEW OFTHEBUILDING 6
4.1.8 LOCALMATERIALS AVAILABLE 6
4.1.9 FIREPROTECTION 7
i
4.1.10FRONTYARD 7
4.1.11REAR YARD 7
4.1.12SIDEYARD 7
4.1.13OPENSPACEFORBUILDING 7
4.1.14STAIRCASE 8
4.1.15ORIENTATION 8
4.1.16BASIC ZONE 8
4.1.17CLIMATIC FACTORS 9
4.1.18SOILINVESTIGATION 9
5 CHAPTER5 :STRUCTURALANALYSISANDDESIGN 10
5.1DEADLOAD 10
5.2LIVELOAD 10
5.3LIMITSTATEMETHOD 11
5.4THEORY OF DESIGNOFSTRUCTURALELEMENT 11
6 CHAPTER6 :DRAWINGS 12
7 CHAPTER7 : LAYOUTS 17
8 CHAPTER8 :DESIGN OFSLAB 21
8.1DESIGNOFONEWAY6.2×3mSLAB ` 22
8.2DESIGNOFTWOWAY4.5×3mSLAB 25
8.3DESIGNOF2.2×3mSLAB 29
9 CHAPTER9 :DESIGN OFBEAM 34
9.1BEAM1 34
9.2BEAM2 38
9.3BEAM3 42
i
10 CHAPTER10: DESIGN OFCOLUMN 47
10.1COLUMN1(450×200) 47
10.2COLUMN2(300×200) 49
11 CHAPTER11: DESIGN OF FOOTING 51
11.1FOOTING1(450×200mm) 51
11.2FOOTING2(300×200mm) 54
12 CHAPTER12:INTRODUCTIONTO ESTIMATION 58
12.1 ESTIMATIONOFGROUND FLOOR 59
12.2 ESTIMATIOPNOFFIRST FLOOR 71
12.3 ESTIMATIONOF SECONDFLOOR 81
12.4 ESTIMATIONOFSEPTIC TANKAND SOAKPIT 89
13 CHAPTER13:BAR BENDINGSCHEDULE 91
13.1 COLUMN ANDFOOTING 91
13.2 SCHEDULEOFSLAB 93
13.3 SCHEDULEOF BEAMS 96
14 CHAPTER14: CONCLUSION 98
15 CHAPTER15: REFERENCES 99
v
LISTOFFIGURES
1 FIG6.1GROUNDFLOORPLAN 12
2 FIG6.2FIRSTFLOORPLAN 13
3 FIG6.3SECONDFLOORPLAN 14
4 FIG6.4SECTIONAA 15
5 FIG6.5ELEVATION 16
6 FIG7.1BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUT 17
7 FIG7.2BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUTOFGROUNDFLOORPLAN 18
8 FIG7.3BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUTOFFIRSTFLOORPLAN 19
9 FIG7.4BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUTOFSECONDFLOORPLAN 20
10 FIG8.1SLAB 33
11 FIG9.1BEAM 46
12 FIG11.1COLUMNANDFOOTING 57
vi
LISTOFTABLES
1 TABLE12.1ESTIMATION OF GROUNDFLOOR 59
2 TABLE12.2ESTIMATIONOF FIRST FLOOR 71
3 TABLE12.3ESTIMATION OFSECONDFLOOR 81
4 TABLE12.4ESTIMATIONOFSEPTIC TANKANDSOAKPIT 89
5 TABLE13.1COLUMN AND FOOTING 91
6 TABLE13.2BBSOFSLAB 93
7 TABLE13.3BBSOF BEAM 96
vii
LISTOFABBREVIATIONS
 A-Area
 B-Breadthofbeamoreffectivewidthofslab
 D-Overalldepthofbeamorslab
 DL-Deadload
 d-Effectivedepthofbeamorslab
 d'-Depthofcompression reinforcementfromthehighlycompressedface
 fck-Characteristiccubecompressivestrengthofconcrete
 fy-Characteristicstrengthofsteel
 k-Constantorcoefficientorfactor
 Ld-Developmentlength
 LL-Liveloadorimposedload
 L-Effectivespanofbeamorslab
 Ix-Lengthofshortersideofslab
 ly-Lengthoflongersideofslab
 M-Bendingmoment
 t-Wallthickness
 V-Shearforce
 W-Totalload
 w-Distributedload/unitarea
 x-Depthofneutralaxis
viii
 τv-Nominalshearstress
 τbd-Designbondstrength
 τc-Shearstressinconcrete
 τcmax-Maximumshearstressinconcretewithshearreinforcement.
 Mu -Factored bendingmoment
 Pt-Percentage of steel
 W-Totaldesign load
 Wu -Factored load
 -Diameterofbar
 Pu-factored axialload
 Mu,lim-Limitingmoment ofresistanceofasectionwithoutcompressionReinforcement
 Mux,Muy -MomentaboutXand Yaxis due todesignloads
 Ac-Areaof concrete
 Asc-Areaoflongitudinalreinforcementforcolumn
 Ast -Area ofsteel
ix
SCMSCOLLEGEOFPOLYTECHICS,VAIKKARA,PERUMBAVOOR STRUCTURALDESIGNANDANALYSISOFBUILDING
CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION
We have great pleasure to present a report of project works under taken by final year
civilengineering students of SCMS COLLEGE OF POLYTECHNICS VAIKKARA . Project
work isa partof syllabus of finalyear Civil Engineer course. The project topic we selected for
theproject is STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BUILDING. The aim is to
conductprojectistogetthroughtheknowledgeandexperienceofanyprojectwithmethodofconstruction
and sophisticated architectural beautywith most economy.
The aim for conducting the project is to enable the students to understand various phases of
civilengineeringconstructionby
toapplyingtheirpracticalknowledgeintheconstructionfieldandexecutingtheprojectwithmodernmate
rials,modifiedconstructionmethodsandarchitecturalbeautywitheconomy.Thishelpsthestudentstom
anagecivilengineeringconstructionproperlyand systematically.
Our proposed site is a veterinary hospital at Trissur. The building plan consist of a three
storiedbuildingwithpharmacy,storeroom, doctor’s room andoperation theatre.
The studentsare very co-operated toeachother for bring outthis project asasuccess. Theproject
works deals with the planning, structural designing, and estimate of all requirements of
aveterinaryhospital. Wedesigned it asareal one.
DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING 1
CHAPTER2
LITERATUREREVIEW
 InternationalJournalofScientific&EngineeringResearch,Volume 8,Issue 4,April-2017
Helps to analyze the plan of hospital building by using software techniques. InternationalJournal
ofAdvances in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJASEAT)is a scholarly online, open access,
peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, quarterly, and fully refereed journal focusing on theories, methods
andapplications different field of Engineering Science and Technology. It is an international
scientificjournal that aims to contribute to the constant scientific research and training, so as to promote
researchinthedifferentfield. The journalcoversall areasofScience
 InternationalJournalofScientificProgress andResearch(IJSPR)August 2021
Helpstofindoutthe differentstepsfor the designing of building.The applicationsof
highendequipmentinthehighlevelresearchisthedemandsoftechnologicalworldandResearchers,Engineerin
g Community is working hard to resolve all the above aspects. So there is a need of suchplatforms
where Researchers, Engineers and Scientists from all over the world share their innovativeideasto invent
great newthings andgive tothe world.
 International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management
(IJAIEM)April 2020
In this paper, ETABS software was used for analysis and design purpose mainly for the result of
shearforceandmaximumbendingmoment.RCCdetailingisofmostimportantconcernforclearunderstandinga
ndalso inexecutingthereinforcement workwithout anydifficulty.
 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 3 Issue
3,March2016
Inthispaper,STAADProV8ihasbeenusedfordesigningandanalysispurposesmainlyfortheresultof shear
force and maximum bending moment. An apartment building is analyzed and designed in thispaper. The
designing was done manually. Design of beam, column, slab, shear wall, stair case,
retainingwall,watertankandan isolatedfootingaredone.Andthedetailingis done usingAUTOCAD2016.
 Impact of corrosion of reinforcement in precast concrete construction RajeevPandey,

prof.DeepakRastogi, 2016
Reinforced concrete design must include adequate step for prevention of concrete and rebar
corrosiondue to a variety of corrodent. Field experience has shown that concrete cover in itself does not
providean adequate solution except in mild exposure. A number of measures are available for
corrosionmitigation in design of reinforced concrete. The ultimate solution in design shrinking an
optimumbalance in developing a cost-effective method for enhancing the safe service life of this
structure. Theanticipated severity of the corrosive environment will dictates use of one or more of the
preventionmethod.
 MacGregor, J.G. (1976). “Safety and Limit States Design for Reinforced Concrete.”
CanadianJournalofCivil Engineering, 3(4), December,pp. 484-513.
Most concrete used for construction is a combination of concrete and reinforcement that is
calledreinforced concrete. Reinforcement for concrete is provided by embedding deformed steel bars
orwelded wire fabric within freshly made concrete at the time of casting. The purpose of reinforcement
isto provide additional strength for concrete where it is needed. The steel provides all the tensile
strengthwhereconcrete isintension,asinbeamsandslabs;itsupplementsthe compressive
strengthofconcrete in columns and walls; and it provides extra shear strength over and above that of
concrete inbeams.
CHAPTER
3OBJECTIVESANDMETHODOLOGY
3.1 OBJECTIVE
Themainfocusoftheprojectare:
• Toidentifydifferentworkstobecarriedintheconstructionproject.
• Tocollectdatarelevanttotheprojectandcarryoutsitesurveys.
• Toselectthemostefficientmethodfromtheavailablechoicesandtodesigntherequiredelementsof
the project asper standardpractice.
• Topreparescheduleoftimeandsequencesofoperations
• Topreparetheworkingdrawingforprojectsandestimatethecostofproject.
3.2 METHODOLGY
• Wevisit theplotand collect thedata,also testthesoil condition.

• Wepreparetheplan usingAutoCAD andreferIS456;2000.
• Preparationofsectionalelevation inAutoCAD.
• PreparationofBeam,Column,Slablayout.
• Designofbeam,column,slab,footingusingAutoCADandcalculatedmanually.
• Analysisanddesignofframedstructures
CHAPTER4
PROJECTPLANNINGANDDRAWING
4.1 PROJECTPLANNING
4.1.1 EconomyinConstruction
Economy in construction has three fold i.e., money, materials and time. The design must be
mosteconomical. It is clear that the cost of any project depends on many factors and design of
theprojectis oneof themajor factors.
4.1.2 PlanningofBuilding
A building is planned in such a way as to make it comfortable, economical and to meet

allrequirements. The attempt of the plans shouldbe correct and the planningshould be
maidcomparingtheiradvantages anddisadvantages.
4.1.3 OrientationofBuilding
Theplanningofthebuildingwithrespecttothegeographicaldirectionofbuilding.Orientationof the
building is the major consideration to achieve the maximum comfort and convenience
ofoccupants. The building should be placed in such a way that the utilized maximum benefit
fromair and nature and also it is protected from their harmful effects. In a topographical country
likeIndia direction of sun is a important parameters for building road face to east .So that on
summerseason comes the sun's southern desert in searching. Winter season sun rays enter
through thewindowdirectly.
4.1.4 Ventilation
Ventilation consists on itself of fresh air exist of stay and maintain movement of air in the
roomsandbuildings.Forproperventilationwindowandventilatorsshouldbeprovidedtorequiredarea.T
heareaof ventilation forpublicmust beat least 20%offloorarea.
4.1.5 Windows
Theyadmitlightandairintotheroom.Theyshouldbeprovidedtorequiredarea.Theyshouldbe placed at
regular distance so to ensure uniformity of light. Windows should not be less than150ofthe floor
areaconveyor possiblethe principle lightningfrom thenorth.
4.1.6 ConsiderationEffectingCost
Costcontrolistheonetechniquewherewhichaimatfindingasolutiontolimitationofresources.Itisclear
thatcostof any projectdepends on many factorsand the design of theproject is one of the major
factors.If the span of theroom is increasedthan the depth of thebeam. It tends to rise and increase
the building height and the area of the walling to be build andmaintained. Further economy in
consideration can be achieved by improvement of traditionalmethod of construction at and also
by adopting new technique of design and construction usingnewmaterial.
4.1.7 AestheticViewOfTheBuilding
The building is designed in such a way has they have a good appearance. The masonry
basementis to be constructed in a good aesthetic view. The rubble works is pointed very nearly.
Now aday’s aesthetic view off the building is considered on the other sides. The natural
appearance oftherubble, bricks etc. areallowed to haveinothersides.
4.1.8 LocalMaterialsAvailable
The existing government approved quarry Vadakkanchery is very near to the site. Good earth
forfilling is available in the premises good quality of cement brick is used to the site, cement,
MSRod, paints, lime, all type of water supply fittings are available at town nearly to the site. In
allaspectconsideringavailabilityofconstructionofmaterials,thesitechosenisbest.While
constructing a building at any locality the local materials available should be fully utilized
whichwill give full satisfaction to the local people and also employment to the local workers can
beprovided. There willbe considerable savings inthe transportation charges of the
materialsiflocalmaterialsareused.Thereshouldbeinvolvementoflocalpeoplein theconstruction
work.
4.1.9 FireProtection
We have provided possible fire protective measures. Pre-cast cement concrete block is used
forthe construction of super structure. Beams and slabs are constructed with RCC which has a
goodfire resistingcapacity.The wood shutters andframesfordoors,
windowshaveappropriatethicknesssuchthat does not catchfireeasily.The wallsareplasteredwith
cementmortar.
4.1.10 FrontYard
Every building shall have a clear front yard of 3m depth provided that Where the depth cannot
beobtained laterally through by reason of the exceptional circumstances It should suffer if the
meandepth is not less than 3m provided further that the minimum depth at any points shall not be
lessthan 1.8m.
4.1.11 RearYard
Every building has rear yard or depth not less than 3m.Laterally the rear yard shall not be
lessthan 206 of the area of the plot with minimum dimensions being not less than 1.8m at any
point.The rear yard for the purpose of this rule shall be considered as the space belonging
exclusivelytowhichisopentotheskybetweentheboundaryoftheplotonthatsideandline paralleltoitat
¼averagedepthoftheplot.
4.1.12 SideYard
A sideyard can also be considered as rearyard for the purpose of those rules if it is used
asutilityopen spaceand confirms therearyardrestriction containedabove.
4.1.13 OpenSpaceForBuilding
Everybuildinghaveaclearopenairnotlessthan1.5mwidthonitssidesotherthanthefrontandrearprovide
dthattheauthoritymayhoweverpermitabuildingtoaboutonasideboundary
of the plot. The open spaces stated above are for building up to 10m heights. Front, rear side
andinterior open spaces required for height of 10m. There shall be such increase in minimum
openspaces at the rate of .5 per every 3m height exceeding 10m or fraction there off. The set
back socalculatedshall beprovided fromgroundlevel.
4.1.14 StairCase
The minimum width of the stair shall not be less than .75m for building and 3m for
assemblingbuilding 1.2m for building of other occupancies. The width of thread without nosing
shall not belessthan 25cm foran internal staircaseofresidential building.
4.1.15 Orientation
The chief aim of orientation of building is to provide physically comfortable inside the
buildingbycreatingcondition,whichsuitableandsuccessfullywardofftheundesirableeffectbyjudiciou
suseof therecommendation and knowledgeof climatefactors.
4.1.16 BasicZones
For the purpose of orientation it would be convenient to divide the country in to the three
boardclimatezones
1. Hotandcold
2. Hotorwarmorhumid
3. Cold
It is to be remembered that here may be uniform climatic factors in a particular zone. They
mighteven vary during day nightinthe same zonalregion.Each zone, allthe same possess
certainbasicproblems.
4.1.17 ClimaticFactors
From the point of view of lightning and ventilation the following climatic factors Influence
theoptimumorientation of thebuilding.
1. Solarradiationandtemperature
2. Clouds
3. Relativehumidity
4. Relativewinds
4.1.18 Soilinvestigation
The proposed building is to construct a Veterinary Hospital building. The investigation

wasundertaken to study the subsoil conditions at the site and recommended suitable foundation
fortheproposed structure.
For this investigation, we considered 4m deep soil. We observed there had only sandy clay.
Itsbearing capacity is 300kN/m. It was selected based on the soil bearing capacity ofthe
nearestbuilding.
CHAPTER5
STRUCTURALANALYSISANDDESIGN
The basic reinforcement of any structural companion of a building is that it should

beStrong enough.Tocarry onSupportallpossible typesof loadsinwhich iislikely
tobesubjected.MajorLoads comingon astructuremaybe:
1. Deadload
2. Liveload
5.1 DEADLOAD
The dead load in a building compress of the weight of all walls, partitions, floor and roof
shallinclude. The weight of all other permanent construction in the building, as unit weight of all
thematerials used in the proposed building are taken from IS 875-1984 1 As per this code the
unitweightofmaterials usedon the proposedbuilding are
1. Plaincementconcrete:24KN/m
2. Reinforcementcementconcrete:25KN/m
3. BrickWork:18.85KN/m
4. FloorFinish:19KN/m
5.2 LIVELOAD
Live loads, also called super imposed loads. Consists of variable loads due to people
occupants,theirfurniture,temporarystores,machineryetc.Liveloadcomingintheroofs,floors,stairetc.
of the proposed building is taken from IS 875 1984 part 1. As per this code the live loads
aretaken as floor of window and veranda: 5KN/m Stairs not liable to cover crowding: 3KN/m
Flatroofswith access provided:1 KN/m Flat roofswith access not provided:0.75KN/m.
5.3 LIMITSTATEMETHOD
In this method of design based on limit state concept, the structure shall be designed withstand safely
allloadliabletoactonitthroughoutitslife.Itshallalsosatisfyserviceabilityrequirementssuchaslimitations on
deflection and cracking. The acceptable Limit for the safety and serviceability requirementsbeforefailure
occuriscalled limitstate.
5.4 THEORYOFDESIGNOFSTRUCTURALELEMENT
i. Beams
A beam is a structural member subjected to transverse loading system. The transverse load
whichare perpendicular to the axis of beam include shear force and bending moment in the beam.
Thisisin turn to produceshear stress andbendingstress in its cross section.
ii. Slabs
A slab is a thin flexural member used in floors and roofs of structures which is usually
supportedalong its edges. The slabs are divided as one way slab and two way slab according to
their loadtransferring. In the design of slabs one meter width is designed as wide rectangular
beam and thesame details are provided for the entire width of slab in one shorter span. But in two
way slab themainreinforcement is provided in both directions.
iii. Lintels
Lintelsarehorizontalstructuralelementsprovidedovertheopeningofwallstocarrythemasonry over
them. They are designed as small rectangular beams of width always equal to thethicknessof the
wall inwhich theyareprovided.
iv. Stairs
A staircase is a structural form provided in buildings to facilitate vertical movements for
personsfrom one floor to another. It generally consists of inclined waist slab with beams are
sometimesprovidedin staircasetosupport the waist slab.
CHAPTER
6DRAWINGS
Fig6.1 GROUND FLOORPLAN
SCALE1:100
ALLDIMENSIONSAREINCM
Fig6.2 FIRSTFLOORPLAN
SCALE1:100
Fig6.3 SECONDFLOORPLAN
SCALE1:100
Fig6.4SECTIONAA
SCALE1:100
Fig6.5 ELEVATION
SCALE1:100
CHAPTER
7LAYOUTS
Fig7.1 BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUT
Fig7.2BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUTOFGROUNDFLOORPLAN
Fig7.3BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUTOFFIRSTFLOORPLAN
Fig7.4BEAMCOLUMNLAYOUTOFSECONDFLOORPLAN
CHAPTER
8DESIGNOFSLAB
8.1 DESIGNOFONEWAY6.2X3mSLAB
TYPE OFSLAB
Ly/lx=6.2/3=2.07>2(Longspan/
Shortspan>2)Hencetheslab is to bedesigned
asonewayslab.
EffectiveandOveralldepth(d&D)
Effectivedepth,d=span/(ModificationFactorXBasicValue)
=3000/(28)=108=110mm
Overalldepth,D=110+20+8/2=140mmEFFECTIVESPA
N(LE)
Minof:(IS456-2000cl.22.2)
a) Clearspan+Effectivedepth=lx+d=3000+110=3110mm
b) Thicknessofsupport/2+Clearspan+thicknessofSupport/2
=3000+200=3200 mm
Therefore,Le=3110mmU
LTIMATELOAD(WU)
W=sumof
a) Selfweightofslab=Specific.Weightx lengthx breadthxoveralldepth
=25x1x1x0.140=3.5kN/m
b) Floorfinish =1KN/m
c)Liveload =3kN/m
Wu=1.5x(3+1+3.5)
=11.25kN/mBENDINGMOMENT&SHEA
RFORCE
Bendingmoment,Mu=(wuxlx2)/8=11.25x(3.112)/8=13.6kNm
Shearforce,Vu =(wux
lx)/2=17.49kNCheck for Effective depth
required (dreq)Mu=0.133fckbd2
Effectivedepthrequired,dreq=71.503=75mm<dcalHenc
eprovided depth issufficient.
TENSIONREINFORCEMENT(AST)
Mu=0.87fyAstd(1-fyAst/fck bd)(IS456-2000cl.G.1.1)Ast
=305.42 mm2
Astmin=0.12%ofgrossarea=168mm2
Astmin<Ast.Hence,theTensileReinforcementprovidedissufficient.Prov
ide8 mm dia bars
Spacing=(Astind/Astpro)x1000=144.57=150mm
DistributionreinforcementsameasAstmin=168mm2@spacingof150
mmc/c.
CHECKFORSHEAR
v<c(IS456-2000cl.40.1)
Nominalshear,v=Vu/bd=0.159N/
mm2Permissibleshear,c
Pt=(100xAst/bd)=(100x 305.42/1000x 110)=0.277
c=0.372N/mm2
0.159<0.372,itssafeagainstshear
CHECKFORDEFLECTION
(l/d)cal<(l/d)pro(IS456-2000cl.23.2)
(l/d)cal = 3110/110 =28.27
Percentageofsteel,Pt=0.277
Fs=0.58xfy=0.58x500=290N/mm2
ModificationFactor(IS456-2000Fig4)=1.5
Then,(l/
d)pro=M.FX20=1.5X20=3030,henceits
safeagainstdeflection.
8.2 DESIGNOFTWOWAY4.5X3MSLAB(TWOADJACENTEDGESDIS
CONTINUOUS)
TYPEOFSLAB
Ly/lx = 4.5/3 = 1.5<2 (long span / short span
<2)Hence, the slab is to be designed as two way
slab.EFFECTIVEDEPTHANDOVERALLDEPTH(d&
D)
Span/depth=l/dratio=35x0.8=28(IS456-
2000cl.24.1)Effective depth, d=3000/28 = 107.14 mm =
110mmOveralldepth = d+cc+dia ofbars/2
D=110+20+8/2=134=140mmEFFECTIVE
SPAN(Le)
Minof:(IS456-2000cl.22.2)
a. Clear span +Effective depth = lx+d=3000+110
=3110mmb.Thicknessofsupport/2+Clearspan+thicknessofSup
port/2
=3000+200=3200mm
Therefore, Le= 3110
mmULTIMATELOAD(W
U)
W=sumof
a.Selfweightofslab =SpecificWeightxlengthxbreadthxoveralldepth
=25x1x1x0.140=3.5kN/m
b.Floorfinish =1KN/m
c.Liveload =3kN/m
Wu=1.5x(3+1+3.5)
=11.25kN/mBENDINGMOMENT&SHEA
RFORCE
a.Bendingmoment coefficients(Table26of IS 456-2000)
 αx+=0.056,αx-=0.075
 αy+=0.047,αy-=0.035
(Condition4,Twoadjacentedgesdiscontinuous)b.
Mu, Vu
 Mx+=αx+x Wuxlex²=0.056x11.25x3.11²=6.093kNm
 Mx-=αx¯xWuxlex²=0.075x11.25x3.11²=8.16kNm
 My+=αy+xWux lex²=0.035x11.25x3.11² =3.808kNm
 My-=αy¯xWux lex²=0.047x11.25x3.11²=4.026kNm
 Vu=(Wux lex)/2=11.25x3.11/2=17.493Kn
EFFECTIVEDEPTHREQUIRED(DREQ)
Mumax=Mux¯=8.16x
10^6Nmm=0.133fckbd²8.16x10^6Nmm=0.133x 20x
1000x d²
d=54.373 mm <d provided
Hence,theprovideddepthissufficientagainstmomentAR
EAOFSTEELREQUIRED (ASTREQ)
a.Astx
Mu=0.87xAstxdx(1-fyxAst/fckxbxd)(IS456-2000cl.G1.1)
𝑥= −𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
 Mux+=0.87xAstx+xdx(1-fyxAstx+/ fckxbxd)
6.093x10^6=0.87x500 xAstx+x110x(1-500xAstx/20x1000x110),Astx+=131.25mm²
 Mux¯=0.87xAstx¯xdx(1-fyxAstx¯/ fckxbxd)
8.16x10^6=0.87xx500xAstx+x110x(1-500xAstx/20x1000x110),Astx¯=177mm²
b.Asty
 Muy+=0.87xAsty+xdx(1-fyxAsty+/fckxbxd)
3.808x10^6=0.87x500xAsty+x110x(1-500xAsty+/20x1000x110),Asty+
=81.075mm²
 Muy¯=0.87x Asty¯xdx (1-fyxAsty¯/fckxbxd)

4.026x10^6=0.87x500x Asty¯x 110x(1-500x Asty¯/20x1000x110),Asty¯
=85.811mm²
c.Astymin
Astymin=0.12/100x1000x140=168mm²
TakeAstx+,Asty+,Asty¯=180mm²
SPACING
a.SpacingforXaxis
Atsupport=Astind/
Astx¯x1000Astind=(ᴨ/
4x8²)=50.265mm²
S=50.265/177x1000=286.016mm
Similarly,atmidspan,s=301.339mm
b.SpacingforYaxis
Atsupportandmidspan,S=301.339mmS=3
d =3 x110 =330 mm, S=300 mm
Henceprovide8mmbars@290mmc/calongtheXaxissupportand@300mmc/catXaxismidspan
and Y axis atsupport and at midspan asc/cspacing.
CHECKFORSHEAR
(v<c)(IS456-2000cl.40.1)
d.Nominalshear,v=Vu/bd=17.493x
10^3/1000x110=0.159N/mm²e.Permissibleshear,c
Percentage of steel, Pt = 100 x Ast / b x
dPt=100x 218.543/1000x 110=0.198%
fck=20N/mm²
FromTable19,cisinterpolatedasequalto0.313N/
mm²Here,v<c,hencesafe againstshear.
CHECKFORDEFLECTION
(lex/d)cal<(lex/d)pro(IS456-2000cl.23.2)f.(lex
/ d) cal = 3110/110=28.27
g.(lex/d)pro,
Modification Factor (IS 456-2000 fig-
4)Fs=0.58x fy=0.58x500=290N/mm²
Pt=0.198%
Therefore,M.F=1.5(Fig4)
Then,(lex /d)pro=BasicValuex M.F
=20x1.5=30
So,(lex /d)cal<(lex/d)pro
Hencetheslabissafeagainstdeflection.
8.3DESIGNOF2.2X3MSLAB(ONESHORTEDGEDISCONTINOUS)
TYPEOFSLAB
Ly/lx = 4.5/3 = 1.36<2 (long span/short
span<2)Hence,theslabistobedesignedastwo
wayslab.
EFFECTIVEDEPTHANDOVERALLDEPTH(D&D)
Span/depth=l/dratio=35x0.8=28(IS456-
2000cl.24.1)Effective span, d=2200/28 = 78.571 mm =
80mmOveralldepth, D=d +cc+dia ofbars/2
D=80+20+8/2=104=110mm
EFFECTIVESPAN(LE)
Minof:(IS456-2000cl.22.2)
a.Clear span+Effective depth=
lx+d=2200+80=2280mmb.Thicknessofsupport/2+Clearspan+t
hicknessofSupport/2
=2200+200=2400mm
Therefore,le=2280mm
ULTIMATELOAD(WU)
W=sumof:
a.Selfweightofslab =sp.Weightxlengthxbreadthxoveralldepth
=25x1x1x0.110=2.75kN/m
b.Floorfinish=1KN/m
c.Liveload=3kN/m
Wu=1.5x(3+1+2.75)=10.125kN/m
BENDINGMOMENT&SHEARFORCE
a.Bendingmomentcoefficients (Table26of IS456-2000)
 αx+=0.053,αx-=0.040
 αy+=0.037,αy-=0.028
(Condition2,Oneshortedgediscontinuous)
b.Mu,Vu
 Mx+=αx+xWux lex²=0.053x10.125x2.28²=2.789kNm
 Mx-=αx¯xWuxlex²=0.040x10.125x2.28²=2.105kNm
 My+=αy+xWux lex²=0.037x11.25x2.28²=1.947kNm
 My-=αy¯xWuxlex²=0.028x10.125x2.28²=1.473kNm
 Vu=(Wuxlex)/2=10.125x2.28/2=11.542KN
EFFECTIVEDEPTHREQUIRED(DREQ)
Mumax=Mux¯=2.789x10^6Nmm=0.133fckbd²2.789x10
^6 Nmm =0.133 x20x1000xd²
d=31.788mm<dprovided
Hence,theprovideddepthissufficientagainstmoment
AREAOFSTEELREQUIRED (AST REQ)
a.Astx(IS456-2000cl.G.1.1)
Mu=0.87xAstxdx(1-fyxAst/ fckxbxd)
𝑥= −𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
 Mux+=0.87xAstx+xdx(1-fyxAstx+/ fckxbxd)
2.789x10^6=0.87x500xAstx+x80x(1-500xAstx/
20x1000x80)Astx+=82.258 mm²
 Mux¯ =0.87𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥̅𝑥𝑑𝑥(1−𝑓𝑦𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥̅/𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑥𝑏𝑥𝑑)
2.105x10^6=0.87x500xAstx+x80x(1-500xAstx/20x1000x80)
Astx¯=61.677mm²
b.Asty
 Muy+=0.87x Asty+xdx (1-fyxAsty+/fckxbxd)

1.947x 10^6=0.87x 500x Asty+x80x (1-500x Asty+/20x 1000x 80),Asty+=56.962mm²
 Muy¯=0.87x Asty¯ xdx (1-fyxAsty¯/fckxbxd)

1.473x10^6=0.87x500x Asty¯x 80x (1-500x Asty¯/20x1000x80),
Asty¯ =42.902
mm²c.Astymin
Astymin=0.12/100x1000x110=132mm²TakeAst
x+,Astx¯Asty+,Asty¯=132mm²
SPACING(IS456-2000CL.26.3)
a.SpacingforXaxis
Atsupport=Astind/
Astx¯x1000Astind = (ᴨ/4 x8²)
=50.265mm²S =50.265/135
=389.42 mm
Similarly,atmidspan,s=389.42mmb.S
pacingforY axis
Atsupportandmidspan,S=389.42mm
c.S=3d =3 x80 =240 mm,S=300 mm
Henceprovide8mmbars@240mmasc/cspacingalongtheXandYaxisatsupportandmidspan.
CHECKFORSHEAR
(v<c)(IS456-2000cl.40.1)
a. Nominalshear, v=Vu/bd=11.542x10^3/1000x80=0.144N/mm²
b. Permissibleshear,c
Percentageofsteel,Pt=100xAst/bxdPt=
100 x180 /1000x80 =0.225%
fck=20N/mm²
FromTable19,cisinterpolatedasequalto0.34N/
mm²Here,v<c,hencesafe againstshear.
CHECKFORDEFLECTION
(lex/d)cal<(lex/d)pro(IS456-2000cl.23.2)a.
(lex /d)cal=2280/80=28.5
b.
(lex/d)pro,Modifica
tionFactor
Fs=0.58xfy=0.58x500=290N/mm²
Pt=0.225%
Therefore,M.F=1.45(Fig4)
Then,(lex/d)pro=BasicValuex M.F
=20x 1.45=29
So,(lex /d)cal<(lex/d)pro
Hencetheslabissafeagainstdeflection.
Fig8.1Slab
CHAPTER9DE
SIGNOFBEAM
9.1 BEAM-1
Span =4.5m
Wallthickness =0.2m
Effectivespan =4.5+0.2
=4.7mDimensionofrectangularbeam=200×400
D=400mm,b=200mm,d’=40,d
=400-40
=360mm
Fck=20,fy=500
LOADCALCULATION
Factoredload(Wu) =20KN/m
CALCULATIONOFBENDINGMOMENTANDSHEARFORCE
2
BendingmomentMu=𝖶𝑢𝑙
8
20×(4.7)2
= 8
=55.25×106𝑁mm
ShearforceVu =𝖶𝑢𝑙
2
20×4.7
= 2
=47×103N
Mu =0.133×𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑2
𝑀𝑢
d =√
0.133×𝑓𝑐𝑘×𝑏
55.22×10 6
=√ 0.133×20×200
=322.175mm
dprovid>dreq,∴thesectionissafe
Mulim =0.133×𝑓𝑐𝑘×𝑏×𝑑2
=0.133×20 ×200 ×(360)2
=68.94×106N/mm
∴underreinforcementbeam,singlyreinforcementbeamAR
EA OFSTEEL
Xumax =0.46×𝑑
=0.46×360
=165.6
Mulim =0.87×𝑓𝑦×𝐴𝑠𝑡×(𝑑−𝑥𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥)
68.94×106
Ast = 0.87×500×(360−0.42×165.6)
=545.64𝑚𝑚2
Provide20mmdiabars
Numberofbars =𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝜋
×𝑑2
4
545.64
= 𝜋×202
4
=1.736=2nos
Henceprovide4nosof20mmdiabarsamainreinforcement.CHE
CKFOR SHEAR
ReferIS456200PgNo.72τv
=𝑉𝑢
𝑏𝑑
47×103
=200×360
=0.65N/mm^2
𝜋
Ast =2×
4 ×𝑑2
𝜋
=2×
4 ×202
=628.31mm^2
Pt =𝐴𝑠𝑡×100
𝑏𝑑
628.31×100
= 200×360
=0.87%
𝑟𝑐 =0.588
ReferIS456200Table19PgNo.72
𝑟𝑣>𝑟𝑐
Thegivenbeamisunsafeagainstshear.shearreinforcementhastobedesigned.Inthis
caseweshall be providevertical stirrups.
Shearresistanceofconcrete
ReferIS456200PgNo.48
Asv =𝜋×82×2
4
=100.53
0.87×500×100.53×360
1)Sv = 4.62×103
=3414.96mm
𝐴𝑠𝑣×0.87×𝑓𝑦 100.53×0.87×500
2)Sv = 0.4×𝑏 =
0mm
=
546.63mm3)0.75×𝑑=0.75×200=27
0.4×200
4)300mm
Provide2barsof8mmstirrupsataspacingof270
mmc/casreinforcement.CHECKFORDEFLECTION
(l/d)calculated <
(l/d)provided(l/d)cal
=4700/360=13.055
=0.58 ×𝑓𝑦×
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
Fs 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝜋
2× ×202
=0.58×500× 4
545.64
=333.94N/𝑚𝑚2
MF =0.8
(l/d)prov =20×0.8=16
(l/d)cal<(l/d)provided
Hencethegivenbeamissafeagainstdeflection.
9.2 BEAM2
Span =1.5m
Wallthickness =0.2m
Effectivespan =1.5+0.2
=1.7mDimensionofrectangular beam =200×400
D=400mm,b=200mm,d’=40,d
=400-40
=360mm
Fck=20,fy=500
LOADCALCULATION
2
8
20×(1.7)2
= 8
=7.225×106𝑁mm
2
20×4.7
= 2
=17×103N
𝑀𝑢
d =√
0.133×𝑓𝑐𝑘×𝑏
7.225×10 6
=√ 0.133×20×200
=116.536mm
dprovid>dreq,∴thesectionissafe
=0.133×20 ×200×(360)2
=68.94×106Nmm
EA OFSTEEL
Xumax =0.46×𝑑
=0.46×360
=165.6
68.94×106
Ast = 0.87×500×(360−0.42×165.6)
=545.64𝑚𝑚2
Provide20mmdiabars
𝜋×𝑑
4
545.64
= 𝜋×202
4
=1.736=2nos
CKFOR SHEAR
τv =𝑉𝑢
𝑏𝑑
17×103
=200×360
=0.236N/mm^2
𝜋
Ast =2×
4 ×𝑑2
𝜋
=2×
4 ×202
=628.31mm2
𝑏𝑑
628.31×100
= 200×360
=0.87%
𝑟𝑐 =0.588
𝑟𝑣>𝑟𝑐
Thegivenbeamisunsafeagainstshear.
STIRRUP
Asv =𝜋×82×2
4
=100.53
0.87×500×100.53×360
1)Sv = 25.39×103
=620.047mm
𝐴𝑠𝑣×0.87×𝑓𝑦 100.53×0.87×500
2)Sv = 0.4×𝑏 =
4)300mm
=
546.63mm3)0.75×𝑑=0.75×200=2
70mm
0.4×200
Provide2barsof8mmstirrupsataspacingof270mmc/
casreinforcement.CHECKFOR DEFLECTION
(l/d)calculated<(l/
d)provided(l/d)cal
=1700/360=4.72
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
Fs =0.5× 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝜋
2× ×202
4
=0.58×500×
545.64
=333.94N/𝑚𝑚2
MF =0.6
(l/d)prov =20×0.6=12
9.3 BEAM3
Span =3m
Wallthickness =0.2m
Effectivespan =3+0.2
=3.2mDimensionofrectangular
beam=200×400
D=400mm,b=200mm,d’=40,d
=400-40
=360mm
Fck=20,fy=500
LOADCALCULATION
2
8
20×(3.2)2
= 8
=25.6×106𝑁mm
2
20×3.2
= 2
=32×103N
𝑀𝑢
d =√
0.133×𝑓𝑐𝑘×𝑏
25.6×106
=√
0.133×20×200
=219.36mm
dprovid>dreq,∴ thesectionissafe
=0.133×20 ×200×(360)2
=68.94×106Nmm
EAOFSTEEL
Xumax =0.46×𝑑
=0.46×360
=165.6
68.94×106
Ast = 0.87×500×(360−0.42×165.6)
=545.64𝑚𝑚2
Provide20mmdiabars
𝜋
×𝑑2
4
545.64
= 𝜋×202
4
=1.736=2nos
CKFORSHEAR
τv =𝑉𝑢
𝑏𝑑
47×103
=200×360
=0.65N/mm^2
𝜋
Ast =2×
4 ×𝑑
2
𝜋
=2×
4 ×202
=628.31mm2
𝑏𝑑
628.31×100
= 200×360
=0.87%
𝑟𝑐 =0.588
𝑟𝑣>𝑟𝑐
Thegivenbeamisunsafeagainstshear.ST
IRRUP
Asv =𝜋×82×2
4
=100.53
0.87×500×100.53×360
1)Sv = 10.39×103
=1515206.73mm
𝐴𝑠𝑣×0.87×𝑓𝑦 100.53×0.87×500
2)Sv = 0.4×𝑏 = 0.4×200
546.63mm3)0.75×𝑑=0.75×200=2
70mm
4)300mm
Provide2barsof8mmstirrupsataspacingof270mmc/
casreinforcement.CHECKFOR DEFLECTION
(l/d)calculated<(l/d)provided
(l/d)cal =3200/360=10
=0.58× 𝑓𝑦× 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑

𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
Fs
𝜋
2× ×202
=0.58×500× 4
545.64
=333.94N/𝑚𝑚2
MF =0.6
(l/d)prov =20×0.6=12
Fig9.1Beam
CHAPTER
10DESIGNOFCOLUM
10.1COLUMN-1(450×200)
N
AxialLoad,P=400kN=400×103NULTI
MATE LOAD
Pu=1.5×400×103=600× 103
PERCENTAGEOFSTEEL(PT)0.
8 <1 >6
Asc=1%ofAg=0.01Ag
AREAOFCONCRETE(AC)
Ac=Ag-Asc=Ag-0.01AgAc=0.99
Ag
GROSSAREA(AG)
ReferIS4562000PgNo.71Cl39.3
Pu=0.4fck Ac=0.67 fy
Asc600×103=0.4×20×0.99Ag+0.67×500×0.0
1Ag
600×103
Ag = =53238.68mm2
11.27
DIMENSIONSOFCOLUMN
Ag=a253238.68
=a2
A=230.735mm
A=450mmb=200mm
GrossArea=90000>53238mm2
AREAOFCONCRETE&STEEL
Ac=0.99Ag=0.99 x90000=89100 mm2
Asc=0.01 x90000=900 mm2
NUMBEROFBARS(N)
As 900
n= c
πd2
= 𝜋×16 2 =4.476 ⁓ 5
4 b 4
LATERALREINFORCEMENT
a) Diameteroftie
DiameterofLongbar
= 16
4
=4mm
4
b) 6mm
Provide6mmtiesSP
ACING
a) Leastlateraldimension=200mm
b) 16xdiaoflongbar=16x16=256mm
c) 300mm
Provide200mmSpacing
10.2COLUMN-2[300x200]
AxialLoad,P=400kN=400×103NULTI
MATE LOAD
Pu=1.5×400×103=600 ×103
PERCENTAGEOFSTEEL(PT)0.8
<1 >6
Asc=1%ofAg=0.01Ag
AREAOFCONCRETE(AC)
Ac=Ag-Asc=Ag-0.01AgAc=0.99
Ag
GROSSAREA(AG)
ReferIS4562000PgNo.71Cl39.3
Pu=0.4fck Ac=0.67 fyAsc
600×103=0.4×20×0.99Ag+0.67×500×0.01Ag
600×105
Ag= =53238.68mm2
11.27
DIMENSIONSOFCOLUMN
Ag =a2
53238.68=a2
A=230.735mm
A=300mmb=200mm
GrossArea=60000>53238mm2ARE
AOFCONCRETE&STEEL
Ac=0.99Ag=0.99 x60000=59400 mm2
Asc=0.01x60000=600mm2NUM
BEROFBARS(N)
As 600
n= c = 𝜋×16 =2.984 ⁓ 4
πd2 2
4 b 4
LATERALREINFORCEMENT
c) Diameteroftie
DiameterofLongbar
= 16
4
=4mm
4
d) 6mm
Provide6mmtiesSP
ACING
d) Leastlateraldimension=200mm
e) 16xdiaoflongbar=16x16=256mm
f) 300mm
Provide200mmSpacing
CHAPTER
11DESIGNOFFOOTIN
G
11.1 FOOTING1[450x200mm]
Axial Load Acting on Column = 1200
kNSafeBearingcapacity =300kN/m2
Fck =20N/mm2
Fy =500N/mm2
1 LOAD
CALCULATIONSServiceload
=1200kN
SelfWeightofFooting=1200of10%=1200x0.10=120kNTotal
Load =1320 kN
2 SIZEOFFOOTING
TotalLoad=…1320…
SBC 300
=4.4m2
Oneside=2.1 m
3 BENDINGMOMENT
Netupwardpressure,q= …totalload…=1200x 1.5

AreaofFooting 2.1x2.1
= 408.16 kN/m2= 0.40816N/mm2
BendingMoment = wlx2/2 =(0.40816x2.1x0.8252)/2

= 0.291 =291 kN-m
2
= wly = (408.16x 2.1x 0.952)/2
= 386.78kN-m
Mulim = 0.138fckBD2=0.138x 20x2.1xD2=386.78

D2=√66732.229
D= 328mm
4 AREAOFSTEEL (AST):
Mu=0.87Astd[1- FyAst]
fckbd
500Ast
386.786×106=0.87×500×Ast×530×[1- ]
20×2100×530
1677666=Ast -
500𝐴𝑠𝑡
22.26×𝑥106
1677 666x22.06.10 = 22.26x106Ast-500Ast
500 Ast2-22.26x106At+3.73448x106=0
Ast=1746.151mm²
Provide12mmbars,themspacing
𝜋
×122
S=𝐴𝑠𝑡× = 4 x2100
𝐴𝑠𝑡 1746.151
=136.0159
Provide12mmbarsataspacingof130mmc/c
5 ONEWAYSHEAR
Shearoccurred=QxAreaofShear= 0.40816 ×2100 ×(950−𝐷)-
1ShearResistance,τ=0.28 x2100 D -2
Equating1&2=>0.40816×2100×(950−𝐷)=0.28× 2100×𝐷
854.136x(950-D)=588 D
1.4571x(950-D)=0
1384.82–1.4577xD=D
1384.82=D x(1+1.4577 )
=563.465
6 CHECKTWOWAYSHEAR
ShearOccurred=QxAreaofShaded
O.40816 x(21002-(450+600)x(200+600))
= 1.4571312x106=1457N/mm2
ShearResistance,τ=(0.25x√20)[(450+ 600)×2+(200+600)×2]× 600
= 2481N/mm2 Therefore,HenceSafe
11.2 FOOTING2[300x200mm]
Axial Load Acting on Column=600
kNSafeBearingcapacity =300kN/m2
Fck =20N/mm2
Fy =500N/mm2
LOADCALCULATIONS
Serviceload =600kN
SelfWeightofFooting=600of10%=1200x0.10 =60kNTotal
Load =660 kN
SIZEOFFOOTING
Load 660
SBC = 300
=2.2m2
Oneside=1.4m⁓1.5m
BENDINGMOMENT
Netupwardpressure,q= …totalload…=600x 1.5

AreaofFooting 1.5x1.5
= 400 kN/m2= 0.400N/mm2

BendingMoment = wlx2/2 =(0.400 x1.5x0.62)/2

= 0.108 =108 kN-m
=wl2 y = (400x 1.5x 0.952)/2

= 195kN-m
Mulim = 0.138fckBD2=0.138x20x1.5xD2=195D2
=√47101.449
D = 285mm⁓300mm
AREAOFSTEEL(AST):
Mu=0.87F y Astd[1-FyAst]
fckbd
195×106=0.87×500×A×300×[1- 500Ast
]
st
20×1500×300
1677666=Ast -
500𝐴𝑠𝑡
22.26×𝑥106
1677 666x22.06.10 = 22.26x106Ast-500Ast
500 Ast2-22.26x106At+3.73448x106=0
Ast=1746.151mm²
Provide12mmbars,themspacing
𝜋
×122
S=𝐴𝑠𝑡× = 4 x2100
𝐴𝑠𝑡 1746.151
=136.0159
Peovide12mmbarsataspacingof130mmc/c
ONEWAYSHEAR
Shearoccurred=QxAreaofShear= 0.4×1500×(650−𝐷)-
1ShearResistance,τ=0.28 x1500 D -2
Equating1&2=>0.400×1500×(650−𝐷)=0.28×1500 ×𝐷
854.136x(950-D)=588 D
1.4571x(950-D)=0
1384.82–1.4577xD=D
1384.82=D x(1+1.4577 )
=563.465
CHECKTWOWAYSHEAR
ShearOccurred=QxAreaofShaded
O.400 x(.51002-(450+600)x(200+600))
= 1.4571312x106=1457N/mm2
ShearResistance,τ=(0.25x√20)[(450+ 600)×2+(200+600) × 2]×600
= 2481
N/mm2Therefore,HenceSafe
Fig11.1ColumnAndFooting
CHAPTER
12INTRODUCTIONTOESTIMATION
An estimate is a computation or calculation of the quantities required and expenditure likely

tobe incurred in the construction of a work. The primary object of the estimate is to enable one
toknow beforehand, the cost of the work (buildings, structures etc). The estimate is the
probablecost of a work and is determined theoretically by mathematical calculations based on
the plansanddrawingand currentrates.
Approximate estimate may be prepared by various methods but accurate estimate is prepared
bydetailedEstimatemethod.Thepreparationofdetailedestimateconsistsofworking outthequantities
of different items of work and then working out the cost by details measurement form.In Abstract
Estimate the cost of each item of work is calculated in a tabular form from
thequantitiesalreadycomputed and total cost is workedout.
TheRCCwork isusuallyestimatedundertwo items. Theconcretework

includingcenteringandshuttering and binding of steel bars in position is taken under one item in
cu m and the steelreinforcement and its bending is taken under a separate item in quintal. The
quantity of steelsmall,no deduction is madeforsteel reinforcement fromtheconcrete volume.
The schedule of bars (BBS) is a list of reinforcement bars in a tabular form giving the
particularsof bars, shape of bars, shape of bending with sketches, length of each, total length and
totalweightofsteel.
12.1 ESTIMATIONOFGROUNDFLOOR
ESTIMATIONOFGROUNDFLOOR
ITEM NAME
NO. LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY
NO. OFWOR
(m) (m) (m) (m3)
K
Earthwork
1
Excavation
Column
5 0.9 0.9 1.5 6.075
Excavation(
C20)
Column
6 0.9 0.9 1.5 7.29
Excavation(
C30)
Column
8 0.9 0.9 1.5 9.72
Excavation(
C40)
Column
6 0.9 0.9 1.5 7.29
Excavation(
C45)
Total 30.375
TOTAL
EARTHWORK 30.375
EXCAVATION
2 PCC
ColumnPCC
C20 5 1.7 1.7 0.1 1.445
C30(i) 2 2.3 2.3 0.1 1.058
C30(ii) 4 2 2 0.1 1.6
C40(i) 3 2.3 2.3 0.1 1.587
c40(ii) 3 2 2 0.1 1.2
C40(iii) 2 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.578
C45(i) 4 2.3 2.3 0.1 2.116
C45(ii) 2 2 2 0.1 0.8
Total 10.384
BeamPCC
Longwall1 2 13 0.4 0.1 1.04
Longwall2 2 9.8 0.4 0.1 0.784
Longwall3 1 3.4 0.4 0.1 0.136
Shortwall1 5 9.4 0.4 0.1 1.88
Shortwall2 1 3 0.4 0.1 0.12
Shortwall3 1 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.064
Total 4.024
Deduction
Column(C30) 6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.036
Column(C40) 8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.064
Column(C45) 6 0.45 0.2 0.1 0.054
Total 0.154
TOTALPCC 3.87
3 Earthfilling
Pharmacy 1 3 3 0.4 3.6
Doctorscabin 1 4.5 3 0.4 5.4
CattleExam 1 4.5 3 0.4 5.4
Toilet 2 1.6 1.45 0.4 1.856
OprationTeatre 1 4.5 3 0.4 5.4
StairRoomand
1 6 3 0.4 7.2
Canteen
Passage150(v) 1 9.4 1.5 0.4 5.64
Passage150(h) 1 3 1.5 0.4 1.8
Passage120 1 3 1.2 0.4 1.44
Varandah 1 12.6 1.5 0.4 7.56
Total 45.296
TOTAL
45.296
EARTHFIL
LING
4 Brickwall
Longwall1 2 13 0.2 3.2 16.64
Longwall2 2 9.8 0.2 3.2 12.544
Longwall3 1 3.4 0.2 3.2 2.176
Shortwall1 5 9.4 0.2 3.2 30.08
Shortwall2 1 3 0.2 3.2 1.92
Shortwall3 1 1.6 0.1 3.2 0.512
TOTAL 63.872
Deduction
Window(W) 7 1.5 0.2 1.5 3.15
Door(D) 4 1.5 0.2 2.1 2.52
Door(D1) 4 1 0.2 2.1 1.68
Passage1 3 1.5 0.2 3.2 2.88
Passage2 1 1.2 0.2 3.2 0.768
WaitingLounge 1 3 0.2 3.2 1.92
Ventilator 2 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.144
Shutter 1 2 0.2 1.5 0.6
Column(C30) 6 0.3 0.2 3.2 1.152
Column(C40) 8 0.4 0.2 3.2 2.048
Column(C45) 6 0.45 0.2 3.2 1.728
Lintel(inm3) 2.168
Total 20.758
TOTAL
43.114
BRICKWO
RK
5 RCCWORK
Column
a.columnfooting
C20 5 1.5 1.5 0.5 5.625
C30(i) 2 2.1 2.1 0.5 4.41
C30(ii) 4 1.8 1.8 0.5 6.48
C40(i) 3 2.1 2.1 0.5 6.615
C40(ii) 3 1.8 1.8 0.5 4.86
C40(iii) 2 1.5 1.5 0.5 2.25
C45(i) 4 2.1 2.1 0.5 8.82
C45(ii) 2 1.8 1.8 0.5 3.24
B.Columnstem
C20 5 0.2 0.2 3.2 0.64
C30 6 0.3 0.2 3.2 1.152
C40 8 0.4 0.2 3.2 2.048
C45 6 0.45 0.2 3.2 1.728
Total 47.868
Plinthbeam
Longwall1 2 13 0.2 0.4 2.08
Longwall2 2 9.8 0.2 0.4 1.568
Longwall3 1 3.4 0.2 0.4 0.272
Shortwall1 5 9.4 0.2 0.4 3.76
Shortwall2 1 3 0.2 0.4 0.24
Shortwall3 1 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.128
Total 8.048
Beam
Longwall1 2 13 0.2 0.4 2.08
Longwall2 2 9.8 0.2 0.4 1.568
Longwall3 1 3.4 0.2 0.4 0.272
Shortwall1 5 9.4 0.2 0.4 3.76
Shortwall2 1 3 0.2 0.4 0.24
Shortwall3 1 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.128
Total 8.048
Lintel
Door(D) 4 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.544
Door(D1) 4 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.384
Door(D2) 2 1 0.2 0.4 0.16
Window(W) 7 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.952
Ventilator 2 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.128
Total 2.168
Sunshade
Window(W) 7 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.714
Ventilator 2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.096
Total 0.81
RoofSlab 1 13 9.8 0.15 19.11

TOTAL
RCCWORK
86.052
EXCLUDINGST
AIR
6 Plastering
OutsidePlastering 1 45.6 3.6 164.16
ColumnPlastering 4 80 3.6 1152
Beam 2 13.3 0.4 10.64
InsidePlastering
Pharmacy
Longwall 2 3 3.6 21.6
Shortwall 2 3 3.6 21.6
DC
Longwall 2 4.5 3.6 32.4
CE
Longwall 2 4.5 3.6 32.4
toilet
Longwall 4 1.6 3.6 23.04
Shortwall 4 1.45 3.6 20.88
OT
Longwall 2 4.5 3.6 32.4
stairroomandcan
teen
Longwall 2 6 3.6 43.2
ExtraPlaster
1 37.7 3.6 135.72
ing(passages)
Sunshade
Window(W) 14 1.7 0.6 14.28
Ventilator 4 0.8 0.6 1.92
Total 1792.64
Deductions
Door(D) 8 1.5 2.1 25.2
Door(D1) 8 1 2.1 16.8
Door(D2) 2 0.8 2.1 3.36
Window(W) 7 1.5 1.5 15.75
Shutter 1 2 1.5 3
Passage150 6 1.5 3.6 32.4
Passage120 4 1.2 3.6 17.28
stairroom 1 2.4 3.6 8.64
TOTAL 123.15
Total
1669.49
PlasteringWitho
utCeiling
Ceilingplastering
Pharmacy 1 3 3 9
DoctorsCabin 1 4.5 3 13.5
CattleExam 1 4.5 3 13.5
Toilet 2 1.6 1.45 4.64
OperationTheatre 1 4.5 3 13.5
Passage150(V) 1 9.4 1.5 14.1
Passage150(H) 1 3.2 1.5 4.8
Passage120 1 3.4 1.2 4.08
VisitingRoom 1 6.4 3 19.2
Total 96.32
TOTALPL
1765.81
ASTERING
7 WhiteWashing
TOTAL
WHITEWASHIN
1765.81
GINCLUDING
CEILING
8 Flooring
TOTALF
96.32
LOORING
9 Woodworks
Frames
D(150X210)
V 8 0.1 0.06 2.1 0.1008
H 8 1 0.06 0.1 0.048
D1(100X210)
V 8 0.1 0.06 2.1 0.1008
H 4 0.9 0.06 0.1 0.0216
D2(80X210)
V 4 0.1 0.06 2.1 0.0504
H 4 0.9 0.06 0.1 0.0216
W(150X150)
V 28 0.1 0.06 1.5 0.252
H 14 1.1 0.06 0.1 0.0924
V(60X60)
V 6 0.1 0.06 0.6 0.0216
H 4 0.7 0.06 0.1 0.0168
Totalwoodforf
0.726
rames
10 Paintingofwood
Door
D(150X210) 4 1.5 2.1 42
D1(100X210) 4 1 2.1 26.46
D2(80X210) 2 0.8 2.1 12.6
Total 81.06
Window
W2(100X150) 6 1 1.5 9
W3(150X150) 23 1.5 1.5 51.75
W4(200X150) 4 2 1.5 12
Total 72.75
Ventilator
V1(70X60) 11 0.7 0.6 4.62
4.62
TOTAL 158.42
Table12.1EstimationofGroundfloor
12.2 ESTIMATIONOFFIRSTFLOOR
ESTIMATIONOFFIRSTFLOOR
ITEM
NAMEOFWORK NO. LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY
NO.
1 Brickwork
Longwall1 2 13 0.2 3.2 16.64
Longwall2 1 9.8 0.2 3.2 6.272
Longwall3 1 7.6 0.2 3.2 4.864
Longwall4 1 3.4 0.2 3.2 2.176
Shortwall1 1 9.4 0.2 3.2 6.016
Shortwall2 2 3 0.2 3.2 3.84
Shortwall3 1 3 0.2 3.2 1.92
Shortwall4 1 4.5 0.2 3.2 2.88
Shortwall5 1 1.6 0.1 3.2 0.512
TOTAL 45.12
Deduction
Window(W) 8 1.5 0.2 1.3 3.12
Window(W1) 2 1 0.2 1.3 0.52
Window(W2) 1 0.5 0.2 1.3 0.13
Ventilator 2 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.144
Door(D1) 5 1 0.2 2.1 2.1
Door(D2) 2 0.8 0.2 2.1 0.672
Column(C30) 6 0.3 0.2 3.2 1.152
Column(C40) 7 0.4 0.2 3.2 1.792
Column(C45) 4 0.45 0.2 3.2 1.152
Passage 1 1.5 0.2 2.1 0.63
Lintel(inm3) 1 0.798
TOTAL 1 12.21
TOTALBRICKWORK 32.91
2 RCCWork
Column
Column(C20) 5 0.2 0.2 3.2 0.64
Column(C30) 6 0.3 0.2 3.2 1.152
Column(C40) 8 0.4 0.2 3.2 2.048
Column(C45) 6 0.45 0.2 3.2 1.728
Total 5.568
Beam
Longwall1 2 13 0.2 0.4 2.08
Longwall2 1 9.8 0.2 0.4 0.784
Longwall3 1 7.6 0.2 0.4 0.608
Longwall4 1 3.4 0.2 0.4 0.272
Shortwall1 1 9.4 0.2 0.4 0.752
Shortwall2 2 3 0.2 0.4 0.48
Shortwall3 1 3 0.2 0.4 0.24
Shortwall4 1 4.5 0.2 0.4 0.36
Shortwall5 1 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.128
Total 5.704
Lintel
Door(D1) 5 1.2 0.2 0.15 0.18
Door(D2) 2 1 0.2 0.15 0.06
Window(W) 8 1.7 0.2 0.15 0.408
Window(W1) 2 1.2 0.2 0.15 0.072
Window(W2) 1 1 0.2 0.15 0.03
Ventilator 2 0.8 0.2 0.15 0.048
Total 0.798
Sunshade
Window(W) 8 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.816
Window(W1) 2 1.2 0.6 0.1 0.144
Window(W2) 1 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.042
Ventilator 2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.096
Total 1.098
RoofSlab 1 13 9.8 0.15 19.11
TOTALRCCWORK 32.278
3 Plastering
Column 5 0.8 3.2 12.8
Beam 2 13.3 0.4 10.64
Insideplastering
LSO
Longwall 2 3 3.6 21.6
Dining
Longwall 2 4 3.6 28.8
Laboratory
Longwall 2 4.5 3.6 32.4
Toilet
Longwall 4 1.6 3.6 23.04
Shortwall 4 1.45 3.6 41.76
DC
Longwall 2 3.5 3.6 25.2
Shortwall 2 3 3.6 280.8
DC(sub)
Longwall 2 2.2 3.6 15.84
stairroom
Longwall 1 6 3.6 21.6
ExtraPlastering(Passages) 1 25.7 3.6 92.52
Sunshade
Window(W) 16 1.7 0.6 16.32
Window(W1) 4 1.2 0.6 2.88
Window(W2) 2 1 0.6 1.2
Total 899.56
Deductions
Door(D1) 10 1 2.1 21
Door(D2) 4 0.8 2.1 6.72
Window(W) 16 1.5 1.5 36
Window(W1) 4 1 1.5 6
Window(W2) 1 0.5 1.5 0.75
Total 71.91
Totalplasteringwithoutceiling 827.65
CeilingPlastering
LSO 1 3 3 9
Dining 1 4 3 12
laboratory 1 4.5 3 13.5
toilet 2 1.6 1.45 4.64
DC 1 3.5 3 10.5
DCsub 1 3 2.3 6.9
passage150(v) 1 9.4 1.5 14.1
passage150(h) 1 7.9 1.5 11.85
Total 82.49
TOTALPLASTERING 910.14
4 Whitewashing
TOTALWHITEWASHINGIN
910.14
CLUDINGCEILING
5 Flooring
TOTALFLOORING 82.49
6 WOODWORKS
Frames
D1(100X210)
Vertical 10 0.1 0.06 2.1 0.126
Horizontal 5 0.9 0.06 0.1 0.027
D2(80X210)
Vertical 4 0.1 0.06 2.1 0.0504
Horizontal 4 2 0.06 0.1 0.048
W(150X150)
Vertical 32 0.1 0.06 1.5 0.288
Horizontal 16 1.1 0.06 0.1 0.1056
W1(100X150)
Vertical 6 0.1 0.06 1.5 0.054
Horizontal 4 1.6 0.06 0.1 0.0384
W2(50X150)
Vertical 3 0.1 0.06 1.5 0.027
Horizontal 2 2.1 0.06 0.1 0.0252
V(60X60)
Vertical 6 0.1 0.06 0.6 0.0216
Horizontal 4 0.7 0.06 0.1 0.0168
Totalwoodforframes 0.828
Shutterarea(forallfloors)
D(150X210) 4 1.5 2.1 12.6
D1(100X210) 11 1 2.1 23.1
D2(80X210) 6 0.8 2.1 10.08
W(150X150) 13 1.5 1.5 29.25
W1(100X150) 5 1 1.5 7.5
W2(50x150) 1 0.5 1.5 0.75
Ventilator
V(60X60) 6 0.6 0.6 2.16
Totalwoodforshutterarea 85.44
Totalwood 86.268
7 Paintingofwood
Door
D(100X210) 4 1 2.1 8.4
D1(90X210) 4 0.9 2.1 7.56
D2(200X210) 2 2 2.1 8.4
Total 24.36
Window
W2(100X150) 8 1 1.5 12
W3(150X150) 6 1.5 1.5 13.5
W4(200X150) 2 2 1.5 6
Total 31.5
Ventilator
V1(70X60) 4 0.7 0.6 1.68
TOTAL 57.54
Table12.2EstimationofFirstFloor
12.3 ESTIMATIONOFSECONDFLOOR
ESTIMATIONOFSECONDFLOOR
ITEM
NAMEOFWORK NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY
NO
1 Brickwork
Longwall2 1 4.6 0.2 3.2 2.944
Longwall1 2 13 0.2 3.2 16.64
Longwall3 1 2 0.2 3.2 1.28
Longwall4 1 3.2 0.2 3.2 2.048
longwall5 1 2 0.1 3.2 0.64
Shortwall1 2 9.4 0.2 3.2 12.032
Shortwall2 3 3 0.2 3.2 5.76
Shortwall3 2 1.4 0.2 3.2 1.792
Total 43.136
Deductions
Door(D1) 2 1 0.2 2.1 0.84
Door(D2) 2 0.8 0.2 2.1 0.672
Window(W) 6 1.5 0.2 1.5 2.7
Window(W1) 3 1 0.2 1.5 0.9
Ventilator 2 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.144
Column(C30) 6 0.3 0.2 3.2 1.152
Column(C40) 7 0.4 0.2 3.2 1.792
Column(C450 4 0.45 0.2 3.2 1.152
Lintel(inm3) 0.594
Total 9.946
TOTALBRICKWORK 33.19
2 RCCWork
Column
C20 5 0.2 0.2 3.2 0.64
C30 6 0.3 0.2 3.2 1.152
C40 8 0.4 0.2 3.2 2.048
C45 6 0.45 0.2 3.2 1.728
Total 5.568
Beam
Longwall1 2 13 0.2 0.4 2.08
Longwall2 1 4.6 0.2 0.4 0.368
Longwall3 1 2 0.2 0.4 0.16
Longwall4 1 3.2 0.2 0.4 0.256
Longwall5 1 2 0.2 0.4 0.16
Shortwall1 2 9.4 0.2 0.4 1.504
Shortwall2 3 3 0.2 0.4 0.72
Shortwall3 2 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.224
Total 5.472
Lintel
Window(W) 6 1.7 0.2 0.15 0.306
Window(w1) 3 1.2 0.2 0.15 0.108
Ventilator 2 0.8 0.2 0.15 0.048
Door(D1) 2 1.2 0.2 0.15 0.072
Door(D2) 2 1 0.2 0.15 0.06
Total 0.594
RoofSlab 1 13 9.8 0.15 19.11
Sunshade
Window(W) 6 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.612
Window(W1) 3 1.2 0.6 0.1 0.216
Ventilator 2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.096
Total 0.924
TOTALRCCWORK 31.668
3 Plastering
Columnplastering 5 0.8 3.2 12.8
Beam(frontopening) 2 13.3 0.4 10.64
InsidePlastering
StoreRoom 4 3 3.6 43.2
NightStay
Longwall 2 4.5 3.6 32.4
Toilet
Longwall 4 1.6 3.6 23.04
Shortwall 4 1.45 3.6 20.88
ConferenceHall
Longwall 1 9.4 3.6 33.84
Shortwall 1 6.2 3.6 22.32
StairRoom
Longwall 1 6 3.6 21.6
Column(C20) 5 0.8 3.2 12.8
ExtraPlastering 1 19.5 3.6 70.2
Sunshade
Window(W) 12 1.7 0.6 12.24
Window(W1) 6 1.2 0.6 4.32
Total 529.56
Deduction
Door(D1) 4 1 2.1 8.4
Door(D2) 4 0.8 2.1 6.72
Window(W) 12 1.5 1.5 27
Window(W1) 6 1 1.5 9
Total 52.56
Totalplasteringwithoutceiling 477
Ceilingplastering
storeroom 1 3 3 9
stairroom 1 6 3 18
Nightstay 1 4.5 3 13.5
Toilet 2 1.6 1.45 4.64
conferencehall 1 9.4 6.2 58.28
Passage150 1 9.4 1.5 14.1
Passage120 1 3.2 1.2 3.84
Total 121.36
TOTALPLASTERING 598.36
4 Whitewashing
TOTALWHITEWASHINGI
598.36
NCLUDINGCEILING
5 Flooring
TOTALFLOORING 121.36
6 WOODWORKS
Frames
D1(100X210)
Vertical 4 0.1 0.06 2.1 0.0504
Horizontal 2 1 0.06 0.1 0.012
D2(80X210)
Vertical 4 0.1 0.06 2.1 0.0504
Horizontal 4 0.9 0.06 0.1 0.0216
W(150X150)
Vertical 24 0.1 0.06 1.5 0.216
Horizontal 12 1.1 0.06 0.1 0.0792
W1(100X150)
Vertical 9 0.1 0.06 1.5 0.081
Horizontal 6 1.6 0.06 0.1 0.0576
V(60X60)
Vertical 6 0.1 0.06 0.6 0.0216
Horizontal 4 0.7 0.06 0.1 0.0168
TOTAL 0.6066
7 Paintingofwood
Door
D(100X210) 8 1 2.1 16.8
D1(90X210) 4 0.9 2.1 7.56
D2(200X210) 4 2 2.1 16.8
Total 41.16
Window
W2(100X150) 8 1 1.5 12
W3(150X150) 6 1.5 1.5 13.5
W4(200X150) 2 2 1.5 6
Total 31.5
Ventilator
V1(70X60) 2 0.7 0.6 0.84
TOTAL 73.5
Table12.3EstimationofSecondFloor
12.4 ESTIMATIONOFSEPTICTANKANDSOAKPIT
SEPTICTANKANDSOAKP
1
IT
a Earthworkexcavation
a)Septictank 1 6.8 2.3 2 31.28
b)Soakpitupperportion 1 10.752 2 21.5
c)Soakpitlowerportion 1 7.547 0.2 1.5
Total 54.28
b Cementconcrete1:3:6
a)Floorandfoundation 1 6.8 2.3 0.2 3.128
b)Slopingfloor 1 6 1.5 0.05 0.45
Total 3.578
Firstclassbrickworkinsepticta
c
nk
Longwalls
1ststep 2 6.6 0.3 0.6 2.376
2ndstep 2 6.4 0.2 1.4 3.584
Shortwalls
1ststep 2 1.5 0.3 0.6 0.54
2ndstep 2 1.5 0.2 1.4 0.84
Total 7.34
Secondclassbrickworkinsoakpit
d
a)Upperportion 1 8.796 0.3 0.5 1.319
b)Lowerportion 1 8.796 0.3 0.2 0.527
Total 1.846
Secondclassdrybrickworkinso
e 1 8.796 0.3 1.5 3.958
akpit
f RCCwork
a)Roofcoverslabofseptictank 1 6.6 2.1 0.1 1.386
b)Roofcoverslabofsoakpit 1 7.547 0.1 0.754
c)Bafflewallinseptictank 1 1.6 0.05 0.7 0.056
Total 2.196
g 12mmplasteringinseptictank
Longwalls 2 6 1.8 21.6
Shortwalls 2 1.5 1.8 5.4
20mmplastering 1 6 1.5 9
Total 36
h Brickaggregate
0
a)Outersideofsoakpit 1 10.21 0.15 1.5 2.297
b)Atbottomofsoakpit 1 4.9 0.2 0.98
Total 3.277
Coarsesandoutersideofsoakpit
i 1 11.152 0.15 1.5 2.5
j Ironfootsteps 4 4nos
Table12.4SeptictankandSoakpit
1
CHAPTER13
BARBENDINGSCHEDULE
13.1 COLUMNANDFOOTING
DESCRIPTION SHAPE LENGTH NO WT/M TOTAL

OFBAR QTY
FOOTING
2.1x2.1m
MainBar(12mm 2.78 20 0.88 48.93

dia) 2.78 20 0.88 48.93
Dist.Bar 97.86 x6
587.16kg
1.8x1.8m
MainBar(12mm 2.48 17 0.88 37.1

dia) 2.48 17 0.88 37.1
Dist.Bar 74.2 x8
593.6kg
1.5x1.5m
MainBar(12mm 2.18 14 0.88 26.86

dia) 2.18 14 0.88 26.86
Dist.Bar 53.72 x6
322.32kg
COLUMN
C1(6) 13.45 4 1.58 85x6

510kg
C2(8) 13.45 5 1.58 106.25
850kg
C3(6) 13.45 5 1.58 106.25
637.5kg
STIRUPS
0.4x0.2 1.368 62 0.2 16.963
135.7kg
0.45x0.2 1.468 62 0.2 18.203
2
109.218kg
0.3x0.2 1.168 62 0.2 14.483
86.898kg
Table13.1ColumnandFooting
3
13.2 SCHEDULEOFSLAB
Dia
lab Length Quantity
Sl. ofb Nos Weight Total
size Description Shape (m) (kg)
No ars /m(kg) (kg)
(m)
1. 4.5x3 Mainbar 8 21 3.662 0.39 29.991
Mainbar 8 13 5.162 0.39 26.171

Long 6 12 4.980 0.22 13.147
extrab
ar
Short 6 16 3.480 0.22 12.249 81.55
extrab 8
ar
5no.s 407.7
9
2. 4 x3 Mainbar 8 19 3.662 0.39 27.135
Mainbar 8 13 4.662 0.39 23.636

Long 6 12 4.980 0.22 13.147
extrab
ar
Short 6 14 3.480 0.22 10.718 74.63
extrab 6
ar
3. 3 x3 Mainbar 8 13 3.662 0.39 18.566
Mainbar 8 13 3.662 0.39 18.566

Long 6 12 3.480 0.22 9.187
extrab
ar
Short 6 12 3.480 0.22 9.187 55.50
extrab 6
ar
3no.s 166.5
18
4. 3.5x3 Mainbar 8 17 3.662 0.39 24.279
Mainbar 8 13 4.162 0.39 21.101

Long 6 12 3.980 0.22 10.507
extrab
ar
Short 6 12 3.480 0.22 9.187 65.07
extrab 4
4
ar
5. 3x2.2 Mainbar 8 14 2.843 0.39 15.522
5
Mainbar 6 10 3.662 0.39 14.281

Longextra 6 10 3.480 0.22 13.572
bar
Shortextra 6 12 2.640 0.22 6.969 50.34
bar 4
6. 1.6 Mainbar 8 8 2.113 0.39 6.592
x1.45
Mainbar 8 7 2.226 0.39 6.076

Longextra 6 4 2.080 0.22 1.830
bar
Shortextra 6 4 1.930 0.22 1.698 16.19
bar 6
6no.s 97.17
6
7. 7.7 Mainbar 8 35 5.162 0.39 70.461
x4.5
Mainbar 8 21 8.363 0.39 68.492

Long 6 16 8.160 0.22 28.723
extrab
ar
Shortextra 6 24 4.980 0.22 26.294 193.9
bar 70
8. 10.5 Mainbar 8 71 2.163 0.39 59.893
x1.5
Distribution 8 11 10.460 0.39 44.873

bar
Topextra 6 8 10.460 0.22 18.409 123.1
bar 75
3no.s 369.5
25
9. 6.2 Mainbar 8 43 3.662 0.39 61.411
x3
Distribution 8 21 6.863 0.39 56.207
bar
Topextra 6 12 6.863 0.22 31.707 149.3
bar 25
3no.s 447.9
75
1 7.5 Mainbar 8 51 2.163 0.39 43.022
0. x1.5
Distribution 8 10 8.163 0.39 31.835
6
bar
Top 6 4 8.163 0.22 7.183 82.04
extrab
ar
3no.s 246.1
2
Total 2119.
128
kgor
21.19
1
Quint
al
Table13.2BBSofSlab
7
13.3 SCHEDULEOFBEAMS
SL TOTAL
DESCRIPTION LENGT WT/M QUANTI
.NO SHAPE NO QUANT
H TY
ITY
1. GroundFloor
16mmdiamain 71.3 2 1.58 225.3

Baratthe
Bottom
71.3 2 1.58 225.3
16mmdia
anchor
Baratthetop 1.08 357 0.39 150.36 600.96kg
Stirrups
2. FirstFloor
16mmdiamain 71.3 2 1.58 225.3

Baratthe
Bottom
71.3 2 1.58 225.3
16mmdia
anchor
Baratthetop 1.08 357 0.39 150.36 600.96kg
Stirrups
3. SecondFloor
16mmdiamain 71.3 2 1.58 225.3

Baratthe
Bottom
71.3 2 1.58 225.3
16mmdia
anchor
Baratthetop 1.08 357 0.39 150.36 600.96kg
Stirrups
8
4. ThirdFloor
16mmdiamainB 71.3 2 1.58 225.3

ar at theBottom
16mmdiaancho 71.3 2 1.58 225.3

r
Baratthetop
1.08 357 0.39 150.36 600.96kg
Stirrups
Total 2403.84kg
Table13.3BBS ofbeam
9
CHAPTER
14CONCLUSI
ON
As a part of study, we selected this place to build a veterinary hospital which is in
degradingcondition and also there is no other such a hospital with good requirements and
facilities in thislocality. In this situation our project is make a count on this problem. This is
main objective ofour project.We have successfully completed our
missionwithagoodguidanceandhardworking.Wehaveplanned it as real one.
TOTALESTIMATEDCOSTASPERPWDRATE =5455124RS
0
CHAPTER15
REFERENCES
[1] Dr.AshokkumarN,”Planning,Analysis&DesignofHospitalBuildingUsingStaadProv8i”InternationalJ
ournal ofScientific&EngineeringResearch(2017)
[2] AshishThapak,”SeismicPerformanceEvaluationofHospitalBuilding(G+5)AnalysisandComparison
by Changing the Size of Rectangular Column and Beam Using STAAD Pro.” InternationalJournalOf
ScientificProgressAnd Research.(2021)
[3] Srikanth,”Planning, Analysis and Designing of MultiSpeciality Hospital Building
“InternationalJournalofApplicationorInnovation inEngineering&Management(2020)
[4]Y.Sombabu,”Design & Analysis Of Hospital Building (G+3) By Using STAAD Pro”Journal
OfResourceManagementAndTechnology(2017).
[5] Purushothaman, P. “Reinforced Concrete Structural Element”, Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi,1984,Chapter-8, Page424.
[6] Prof.DeepakRastogi,”IMPACTOFCORROSIONOFREINFORCEMENTINCONCRETECONSTRUC
TION”(2019).
[7] MuhammedAfzal,”Reinforcedconcretestructuraldesignoptimization”,(2020).
[8]J. N. Bandyopadhyay ,”Design of concrete structures” , Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, (2018).
[9]Ashok K.Jain,”Reinforced concrete design,Limit statedesign”,(2012).
[10]Shah,V.LandKarve,S.R,“Limit StateTheoryandDesignReinforcedConcrete”,(2014).
[11].MehadSayed Emara," Toward asuggestedproposedmodelfortheuse
ofbuildinginformationmodeling(BIM)in theimplementationphaseforlandscaping" Ain Shams
EngineeringJournal(2022)
[12].PiaSchönbeck,AndersAnsell,"Potentialofautomatedconfigurationcontroltoreducehospitalbuildingdeficiencies"
Procedia Computer Science(2022)
[13]. Shaikh Ibrahim," Design and Analysis of Residential Building" International Research Journal of
EngineeringandTechnology(2019)
[14]. Kiran Kumar.j," Planning, Analysis and Design of (G+5) Hospital building" International Journal of Pure
andAppliedMathematics(2018)
[15].ShivamAsawa," StructuralDesignofconcretestructureusingE-
Tabs"JournalofMechanicalandCivilEngineering(2017)
[16]. Mahesh N. Patil," Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied Building" International Journal of Engineering
andInnovative Technology(2015).

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6009 (PART-

in partial fulfillment for the award

VISemester/III Year/ AcademicYear2021-2022

in partial fulfillment for the award

VISemester/III Year/ AcademicYear2021-2022

This is to certify that the Project Report Entitled “STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Ms. ROSHNI ELDHOSE Mr.ARUNKUMARK.K

Aboveall,weknow withgratitude beforeGodAlmightyforall hisblessings.

3 CHAPTER3 :OBJECTIVEAND METHODOLOGY 4

4.1.1 ECONOMY INCONSTRUCTION 5

4.1.2 PLANNING OF BUILDING 5

4.1.3 ORIENTTIONOF BUILDING 5

4.1.6 CONSIDERATIONEFFECTING COST 6

4.1.7 AESTHETICVIEW OFTHEBUILDING 6

4.1.8 LOCALMATERIALS AVAILABLE 6

8 CHAPTER8 :DESIGN OFSLAB 21

9 CHAPTER9 :DESIGN OFBEAM 34

11 CHAPTER11: DESIGN OF FOOTING 51

12.1 ESTIMATIONOFGROUND FLOOR 59

12.2 ESTIMATIOPNOFFIRST FLOOR 71

12.3 ESTIMATIONOF SECONDFLOOR 81

12.4 ESTIMATIONOFSEPTIC TANKAND SOAKPIT 89

13.1 COLUMN ANDFOOTING 91

13.3 SCHEDULEOF BEAMS 96

2 TABLE12.2ESTIMATIONOF FIRST FLOOR 71

5 TABLE13.1COLUMN AND FOOTING 91

 Mux,Muy -MomentaboutXand Yaxis due todesignloads

 Ast -Area ofsteel

 Impact of corrosion of reinforcement in precast concrete construction RajeevPandey,

• Wevisit theplotand collect thedata,also testthesoil condition.

A building is planned in such a way as to make it comfortable, economical and to meet

The proposed building is to construct a Veterinary Hospital building. The investigation

The basic reinforcement of any structural companion of a building is that it should

Fig6.1 GROUND FLOORPLAN

a) Selfweightofslab=Specific.Weightx lengthx breadthxoveralldepth

lx)/2=17.49kNCheck for Effective depth

eprovided depth issufficient.

ide8 mm dia bars

Pt=(100xAst/bd)=(100x 305.42/1000x 110)=0.277

(l/d)cal = 3110/110 =28.27

Ly/lx = 4.5/3 = 1.5<2 (long span / short span

<2)Hence, the slab is to be designed as two way

2000cl.24.1)Effective depth, d=3000/28 = 107.14 mm =

110mmOveralldepth = d+cc+dia ofbars/2

a. Clear span +Effective depth = lx+d=3000+110

Therefore, Le= 3110

a.Bendingmoment coefficients(Table26of IS 456-2000)

d=54.373 mm <d provided

 Muy¯=0.87x Asty¯xdx (1-fyxAsty¯/fckxbxd)

d =3 x110 =330 mm, S=300 mm

Percentage of steel, Pt = 100 x Ast / b x

dPt=100x 218.543/1000x 110=0.198%

Modification Factor (IS 456-2000 fig-

Then,(lex /d)pro=BasicValuex M.F

Ly/lx = 4.5/3 = 1.36<2 (long span/short

2000cl.24.1)Effective span, d=2200/28 = 78.571 mm =

80mmOveralldepth, D=d +cc+dia ofbars/2

a.Clear span+Effective depth=

a.Bendingmomentcoefficients (Table26of IS456-2000)