THEME 1: FUNCTIONS

UNIT 1.3 Trigonometry

Steward page A24 – A33

Angles
You must KNOW all the special angles:

Degrees 00 300 450 600 900

Radians 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
6 4 3 2
sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃
tan 𝜃
csc 𝜃
sec 𝜃
cot 𝜃

You must also know the special angles as they

appear in the four quadrants
 Trigonometry Functions

y r

𝜃
x

𝑦 𝑥
sin 𝜃 = ; cos 𝜃 =
𝑟 𝑟
𝑦 𝑟
tan 𝜃 = ; csc 𝜃 =
𝑥 𝑦
𝑟 𝑥
s𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = ; co𝑡 𝜃 =
𝑥 𝑦
 The 4 Quadrants

Quadrant II Quadrant 1
𝜋−𝜃 𝜃
Students All

Quadrant III Quadrant IV

𝜋+𝜃 2𝜋 − 𝜃
Turn Crazy
Activity 1
2
Example 4: If cos 𝜃 = and 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋,
3
find sin 𝜃 and cot 𝜃
 Activity 1
2
If cos 𝜃 = and 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋, find sin 𝜃 & cot 𝜃
3
By using Pythagoras we get:
𝑦 = ± 𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 = ± 32 − 22 = ± 5
Cos is positive in Q1 and Q IV
For QI For Q IV
𝑦 5 𝑦 − 5
sin 𝜃 = = sin 𝜃 = =
𝑟 3 𝑟 3
𝑥 2 𝑥 2
cot 𝜃 = = cot 𝜃 = =
𝑦 5 𝑦 − 5
Trigonometry Identities
 Reciprocals Table 6 page A28

 Pythagorean Table 7-9 page A28

 Negative angles Table 10 page A28

 Compound angles Table 12 & 13 page A29

 Double angles Table 15 & 16 page A29

Take note of everything of WTW 133 that you did regarding

trigonometry. We build absolutely on that.
Trigonometric identities
More Trigonometric Formulae
 Trigonometry equations
Activity 2
Example 1: Solve for 𝑥 if sin 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥
for 𝑥 ∈ [0,2𝜋]

Example 2: Determine all values for 𝑥 on 0,2𝜋

to solve 2 cos 𝑥 + 1 = 0

Exercise from the study guide for 0,2𝜋

3. 2 sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0
4. 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1
5. tan 𝑥 = 1
Example 1: Solve for 𝑥 if sin 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ [0,2𝜋]
sin 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥
∴ sin 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 = 0
∴ sin 𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0
∴ sin 𝑥(1 − 2 cos 𝑥) = 0
∴ sin 𝑥 = 0 𝑂𝑅 1 − 2 cos 𝑥 = 0
1
∴ 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝜋 ; 2π cos 𝑥 =
2
cos is positive in Q 1 and Q IV
𝜋
reference angle
3
𝜋 5𝜋
Q I: 𝑥 = and Q IV: 𝑥 =
3 3
Example 2: Determine all values for 𝑥 on 0,2𝜋 to solve
2 cos 𝑥 + 1 = 0
1 2
∴ cos 𝑥 = − =−
2 2
Cos is negative in Q II and Q III
𝜋
Ref angle
4
4𝜋−𝜋 3𝜋
Q II: 𝑥 = =
4 4

4𝜋+𝜋 5𝜋
Q III: 𝑥 = =
4 4
3. 2 sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑥 ∈ 0 , 2𝜋
1
sin 𝑥 =
2
Sin is positive in Q I and Q II
𝜋
Ref angle
6
𝜋
Q I: 𝑥 =
6
5𝜋
Q II: 𝑥 =
6
4. 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1 for 𝑥 ∈ [0 , 2𝜋]
2 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 =
2
1
∴ sin 𝑥 = ±
2
All 4 quadrants are applicable
𝜋
Ref angle
4
𝜋
Q I: 𝑥 =
4
3𝜋
Q II: 𝑥 =
4
5𝜋
Q III: 𝑥 =
4
7𝜋
Q IV: 𝑥 =
4
5. tan 𝑥 = 1 for 𝑥 ∈ [0 , 2𝜋]

∴ tan 𝑥 = ±1
All 4 quadrants are applicable
𝜋
Ref angle
4
𝜋
Q I: 𝑥 =
4
3𝜋
Q II: 𝑥 =
4
5𝜋
Q III: 𝑥 =
4
7𝜋
Q IV: 𝑥 =
4
Trigonometry Graphs
 KNOW all sin 𝜃, cos 𝜃 and tan 𝜃 graphs
 OMIT the graphs of csc 𝜃, sec𝜃 and cot𝜃
𝑦 = sin 𝑥
1.0
y

0.5

1 2 3 4 5 6
x

-0.5

-1.0

𝑦 = cos 𝑥
1.0
y

0.5

1 2 3 4 5 6
x
-0.5

-1.0

𝑦 = tan 𝑥
y
2

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
x
-1

-2
Transformations of Trigonometry Graphs

𝑦 = 𝒂sin⁡
(𝒃𝑥 ± 𝒄) ± 𝒅
𝑦 = 𝒂cos⁡
(𝒃𝑥 ± 𝒄) ± 𝒅
𝑦 = 𝒂tan⁡
(𝒃𝑥 ± 𝒄) ± 𝒅

𝑎 → Change in amplitude
𝑏 → Change in period
𝑐 → Horizontal change
𝑑 → Vertical change
Activity 3
𝜋
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 1 + 2cos(𝑥 − )
3
for one complete cycle.
 𝜋
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 1 + 2cos(𝑥 − ) for one complete cycle.
3
Amplitude: |2| = 2
Period: 2𝜋
Range: −2 + 1 , 2 + 1 = −1 , 3 (vertical shift)
𝜋 𝜋
Start: 𝑥 − = 0 ∴𝑥=
3 3
𝜋 7𝜋
End: 𝑥 − = 2π ∴𝑥 = (horizontal shift)
3 3

3 * *
2
1 * *
𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 11𝜋 7𝜋
-1
3 6 3 6 3
*
Trigonometric Inequalities

Activity 4
Example: Solve for 𝑥 if 2 cos 𝑥 + 1 < 0 for
𝑥 ∈ 0,2𝜋 . Hint: always use a graph/diagram
Activity 4
Example: Solve for 𝑥 if 2 cos 𝑥 + 1 < 0 for 𝑥 ∈ 0,2𝜋 .

2 cos 𝑥 + 1 < 0
1
∴ cos 𝑥 < −
2
It is easier to use a graph
1

1
− * *
2
−1

2𝜋 4𝜋
Solution: 𝑥 ∈ ( , )
3 3
 Check the learning objectives
 Check the additional notes in your study guide
regarding (a) Radians (b) Trigonometric identities
(c) Graphs of trigonometric functions in the
study guide page 11, 12 and 13
 Do the additional exercises on page 11, 12 and 13
 Do the recommended problems