3III Supplementary-Note Reviewer Reviewer

Supplementary Note |Reviewer
Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion
A. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
a) The scope of the study sets the boundaries and parameters of the problems inquiry
and narrows down the scope of the inquiry. The scope is the domain of your
research-what is in the domain, and what is not. You need to make a clear
direction.
b) The Scope of a Study explains the extent to which the research area will be
explored in the work and specifies the parameters within the study will be
operating. Basically, this means that you will have to define what the study is going
to cover and what it is focusing on. Similarly, you also have to define what the
study is not going to cover. Generally, the scope of a research paper is followed
by its limitations.
B. PARADIGM OF THE STUDY
a) According to the English Cambridge Dictionary “Model of something, or a very

clear and typical example of something” Paradigm indicate a pattern or model
or typical example including cultural themes, worldviews, Ideologies and
mindsets.
b) It is the conceptual lens through which the researcher examines the
methodological aspects of their research project to determine the research
methods that will be used and how the data will be analyzed.
c) In educational research the term paradigm is used to describe a researcher’s
‘worldview’ (Mackenzie & Knipe, 2006)
C. POPULATION AND LOCALE OF THE STUDY
a) Research population is also known as a well-defined collection of individuals or

objects known to have similar characteristics. All individuals or objects within a
certain population usually have a common, binding characteristic or trait.
D. VARIABLES.
a) A variable is something you're trying to measure. It can be practically anything,

such as objects, amounts of time, feelings, events, or ideas. If you're studying how
people feel about different television shows, the variables in that experiment are
television shows and feelings. If you're studying how different types of fertilizer
affect how tall plants grow is, the variables are type of fertilizer and plant height.
E. Close – Ended VS. Open – Ended Questionnaires Two basic questions can be used in questionnaires
and interviews.
Closed- Ended Questionnaire. Questionnaires that Open- Ended Questionnaire. The open-ended
call for short respond are known as the restricted form or unrestricted questionnaire calls for a free
of closed form type. In this type of question, you respond in respondent’s own word. Why did you
mark a yes or no, write a short response, or check choose to do your graduate work at this school?
an item for a list suggested response. Note that no clues are given. Also, Open form item
can sometimes difficult to interpret, tabulate and
Examples are:
summarize in the research report.
• Yes or No Type: Biology is a difficult subject
Examples are:
• Writing a Short Response: The science • What do you think……..?

subject the deals with living things is….. • In your own opinion……?
• How do you fell about ……?
• Checking an item from a list of suggested • List the
responses: All students should offer
Agricultural Science in the secondary
school. For example: Rating scale: 1.
Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree,
Strongly Disagree. 2. Excellent, good,
average, below average, poor. 3. Always,
frequently, occasionally, rarely, never.
• Multiple Answer Questions: The ability to do

work is . . . (a) Force; (b) Motion; (c) Energy;
(d) Motor; (e) Rank
• Another Multiple Answer Question: Why did you

choose to study at this school? Give three reasons
in order of importance, starting with the most
important.
Rank:
(A) Convenience of transportation
(B) Advice of a friend
(C) Reputation of Institution
(D) Expense Factor
(E) Scholarship Aid
(F) Others (specify)
F. INTERVIEW
The purpose of an interview is to find out what is in someone’s mind. Interviews are used
to gather information regarding an individual’s experience and knowledge, his or her
opinions, beliefs and feelings. Interview questions can be askes so as determine past or
current information as well as predictions for the future. The preferred method for data
collection is to tape record the interview if the respondents agree. Otherwise, the
interviewer must keep brief notes and expand on them necessary immediately after the
interview while the information is still fresh in the interviewer’s mind.
Focus Group: The method is effective when different people hold varied opinions on the
same issue. Focus groups differ depending on the type of responses required in the
probe. To get the most reliable results from this method, the number of people in the
group should be between 5 and 10 people.
G. The two general possibilities are that of participant observer and that of non-
participant observer.
Participant Observer is a method in which Non-participant Observer- the researcher
the researcher is a part, participates in is not a part, does not participate in the
the activities of the people, group or activities of the people, group or situation
situation that is being studied. Participant that is being studied.
observation is highly qualitative research.
H. OBSERVATIONAL TECHNIQUE.
What Should We Observed? 4 areas.

1. The Setting Field notes should contain some descriptions of the general
physical and social setting being observed.
2. The People Field notes should include a physical and social description
of the main characters who are the focus of your
observations.
3. Individual Behavior The central observation in the most studies are the behavior
of the people in the settings
4. Group Behavior In some cases, the behavior of group may be an important
bit of information.
I. TREATMENT OF DATA
a) The correct treatment of data in research is important in maintaining the

authenticity, reliability, and accuracy of the research. Inaccurate treatment of
data can be done in many forms and at different intensities.
J. CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION and DATA
a) Generally, DATA refers to information like facts or numbers, collected examined

and considered for use to help decision–making.
b) The data, records, files, or other pieces of evidence, regardless of their content or
form (like print, digital, physical, or other forms) comprise the research
observations, findings, or outcomes, including primary materials and analyzed
data. (University of Leicester,2017; Boston University, 2017)
c) When data are processed, organized, structured, or presented in a given context
so as to make them valuable, they are called Information. Data is the computer’s
language. Information is our translation of this language. (Boston University, 2017)
d) Research Data Sample:
Simulation software, Database contents (video, audio, text, images,
transcripts, codebooks, Laboratory notebooks, field notebooks, diaries,
Documents (text, Word), spreadsheets

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Supplementary Note |Reviewer

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

A. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

B. PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

a) According to the English Cambridge Dictionary “Model of something, or a very

C. POPULATION AND LOCALE OF THE STUDY

a) Research population is also known as a well-defined collection of individuals or

a) A variable is something you're trying to measure. It can be practically anything,

• Writing a Short Response: The science • What do you think……..?

• Multiple Answer Questions: The ability to do

• Another Multiple Answer Question: Why did you

What Should We Observed? 4 areas.

a) The correct treatment of data in research is important in maintaining the

J. CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION and DATA

a) Generally, DATA refers to information like facts or numbers, collected examined

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