CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the content of this project …………… (Name of

the project) by …………… (Name of the student) is the bonafide work
of him submitted to …….(Name of the school and Address), for
consideration in the partial accomplishment of the provision of RBSE,
Rajasthan for the award of Senior School Certificate in Maths.

The original research work was carried out by him under my

supervision in the academic year ………….. (Year). On the basis of the
declaration made by him, I recommend the project report for
evaluation.

year…..

Sign of teacher

Teacher’s name

( )
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to (Name of your Organization Guide) for their

guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project & also for their support in
completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member

of (Organization Name) for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which help me in completion of this project.

I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry

persons for giving me such attention and time.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing

the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their
abilities.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to raise awareness and understanding
about child labor, its causes, consequences, and the measures taken
to combat it. By providing information on the definition of child
labor, its causes, the industries where it is prevalent, the hazardous
working conditions children face, and the initiatives by governments,
NGOs, and international organizations, this project aims to:

1. Educate and inform readers about the issue of child labor,

ensuring they have a clear understanding of what it entails and its
negative impact on children's lives.
2. Highlight the root causes of child labor, including poverty, lack of
education, cultural factors, and weak enforcement of labor laws,
to emphasize the multi-faceted nature of the problem.
3. Shed light on the industries where child labor is commonly found,
such as the diamond industry, bangle making industry, firework
manufacturing, carpet weaving, and silk manufacturing, to
showcase the diverse sectors in which children are exploited.
4. Discuss the hazardous working conditions children face, including
physical injuries, respiratory problems, musculoskeletal disorders,
occupational poisoning, and psychological stress, to emphasize
the urgent need for intervention.
5. Present various initiatives and measures taken by the Indian
government, NGOs, and international organizations to combat
child labor, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts
and the significance of legislation, education, awareness,
responsible business practices, and support for rescued children.

By achieving these objectives, this project seeks to contribute to the

global effort to eliminate child labor and create a world where every
child can enjoy their rights, receive quality education, and grow up in
a safe and nurturing environment.

DEFINITION OF CHILD LABOUR

Child labor refers to the exploitation and employment of children in
various forms of work that are mentally, physically, socially, or
morally harmful to them. It involves the engagement of children in
work that deprives them of their childhood, interferes with their
ability to attend regular schools, and is mentally, physically, socially,
or morally dangerous. Child labor is typically characterized by its
detrimental effects on children's well-being, development, and
education. It often involves children working long hours under
hazardous conditions, performing tasks that are beyond their
physical and psychological capabilities. Child labor can occur in
various sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, mining,
construction, domestic work, and informal sectors. Child labor is
considered a violation of children's rights and is widely condemned
due to its negative impact on their health, education, and overall
development. It denies children the opportunity to receive a proper
education, which is crucial for their future prospects and breaking
the cycle of poverty. It also exposes them to physical injuries, health
hazards, exploitation, and abuse. Efforts to eliminate child labor
involve promoting laws and policies that protect children's rights,
raising awareness about the issue, and implementing measures to
ensure access to quality education, social protection, and decent
work for adults. International organizations, governments, and civil
society organizations work together to combat child labor and
promote the well-being and rights of children worldwide.

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR:

1. Poverty: One of the primary causes of child labor is poverty.

Families living in extreme poverty often rely on the income earned
by their children to meet basic needs. Lack of resources and
financial stability forces children into work to contribute to their
family's income.
2. Lack of access to education: Limited access to quality education or
the absence of educational opportunities can push children into
labor. When schools are unavailable, unaffordable, or of poor
quality, children are left with limited options and are more likely
to engage in work instead.
3. Cultural and social factors: Cultural norms and traditions that
prioritize early marriage, gender roles, or the belief that children
should work from an early age can perpetuate child labor. In some
societies, child labor is seen as a means to teach children skills or
prepare them for adult responsibilities.
4. Insufficient labor laws and enforcement: Weak labor laws and
inadequate enforcement contribute to the prevalence of child
labor. When laws are not effectively implemented or penalties for
child labor violations are lenient, employers may exploit children
as a cheap source of labor.

CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR:

1. Education deprivation: Child labor deprives children of their right

to education. Working long hours leaves little or no time for
schooling, hindering their intellectual development and limiting
future opportunities.
2. Physical and mental health issues: Child labor often involves
hazardous and physically demanding work conditions. Children
 are exposed to risks such as injuries, accidents, and long-term
health problems. They may also suffer from mental stress,
emotional trauma, and stunted social development due to
exploitative working conditions.
3. Perpetuation of poverty: The cycle of poverty continues when
children are engaged in labor instead of receiving an education.
Without proper education and skills, they are more likely to
remain trapped in low-paying, unskilled jobs, perpetuating the
cycle of poverty for themselves and future generations.
4. Violation of human rights: Child labor is a violation of children's
fundamental rights. It denies them the right to a safe and
nurturing childhood, freedom from exploitation, and access to
education, health, and overall development.
5. Economic impact: While child labor may provide short-term
economic benefits for families or employers, it has long-term
negative consequences for the economy. It hinders a nation's
potential for economic growth by limiting human capital
development, reducing productivity, and perpetuating poverty
and inequality.

Efforts to combat child labor focus on addressing its root causes,

strengthening labor laws and enforcement, providing access to
quality education, creating social safety nets, raising awareness, and
promoting responsible business practices.

DIFFERENT INDUSTRY WHERE THEY ARE EMPLOYED

Child labor can unfortunately be found in various industries around
the world. Here are some examples of industries where child labor
has been prevalent:
1. Diamond Industry: Child labor has been reported in diamond
mining and cutting industries, particularly in countries like Sierra
Leone, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, where
diamonds are extracted.
2. Bangle Making Industry: The bangle making industry, especially in
countries like India and Bangladesh, has seen instances of child
labor. Children are often involved in the production of bangles,
including tasks such as molding, polishing, and painting.
3. Firework or Crackers Industry: Child labor has been associated
with the production of fireworks and crackers in countries like
India and China. Children may be involved in tasks such as
assembling, packing, and transporting explosive materials.
4. Carpet Weaving: Child labor has been a significant concern in the
carpet weaving industry, particularly in countries like India,
Pakistan, Nepal, and Afghanistan. Children are involved in weaving
carpets, often working long hours in poor conditions.
5. Silk Manufacturing: The silk manufacturing industry, including silk
reeling and weaving, has seen instances of child labor in countries
like India, China, and Thailand. Children may be involved in tasks
such as silk harvesting, cocoon sorting, and spinning.

These industries are just a few examples, and child labor can occur in
various other sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, mining,
construction, domestic work, and informal sectors. Efforts are being
made globally to address child labor and promote responsible
practices in these industries, including the implementation of stricter
labor laws, monitoring mechanisms, and ethical sourcing initiatives.

HAZARDOUS WORKING CONDITIONS AND KIND OF

INJURIES AND DISEASES THEY SUFFER FROM
Child labor often exposes children to hazardous working conditions,
which can lead to various injuries and diseases. Here are some
examples:

1. Physical injuries: Children engaged in hazardous work are at risk of

physical injuries due to the nature of their tasks. They may
experience cuts, burns, fractures, amputations, and other
traumatic injuries. For instance, in industries like mining,
construction, or manufacturing, children may work with heavy
machinery, sharp tools, or dangerous substances, increasing the
likelihood of accidents.
2. Respiratory problems: Children working in industries such as
mining, agriculture, or textile manufacturing may be exposed to
dust, fumes, chemicals, or other harmful substances. Prolonged
exposure to such environments can lead to respiratory problems,
including asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory illnesses.
3. Musculoskeletal disorders: Children involved in repetitive manual
tasks or carrying heavy loads are at risk of developing
musculoskeletal disorders. These include conditions like back pain,
joint pain, muscle strains, and skeletal deformities due to the
strain placed on their growing bodies.
4. Occupational poisoning: Children working in industries involving
hazardous substances, such as mining, agriculture, or
manufacturing, may be exposed to toxic chemicals or pesticides.
Prolonged exposure to these substances can lead to poisoning,
which may cause neurological damage, organ failure, or even
death.
5. Psychological stress and trauma: Child labor can have severe
psychological consequences on children. They may experience
stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) due to harsh working conditions, exploitation, abuse, and
 long hours. The emotional toll can impact their overall well-being
and development.
6. Occupational diseases: Some industries expose children to specific
occupational diseases. For example, in mining, children may
develop conditions like silicosis due to exposure to silica dust. In
agriculture, children may suffer from pesticide-related illnesses or
zoonotic diseases.

It's important to note that the specific injuries and diseases can vary
depending on the industry, working conditions, and geographical
location. Efforts to combat child labor aim to eliminate or minimize
these hazards, provide safer working environments, and ensure
access to healthcare services for affected children.

INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD LABOR BY THE INDIAN

GOVERNMENT:
The Government of India has implemented several initiatives to
combat child labor. Some key initiatives include:

1. National Child Labour Project (NCLP): The NCLP was launched in

1988 with the objective of rehabilitating child laborers and
ensuring their education. It focuses on the identification,
withdrawal, and rehabilitation of child laborers through special
schools and vocational training centers.
2. Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS): The ICPS aims to create
a protective environment for children in need of care and
protection. It includes measures to prevent child labor, rescue and
rehabilitate child laborers, and provide them with necessary
support and services.
3. Right to Education (RTE) Act: The RTE Act, implemented in 2009,
mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to
 14 years. It aims to eliminate barriers to education and discourage
child labor by providing access to quality education for all
children.
4. National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR): The
NCPCR is a statutory body established in 2007 to protect and
promote the rights of children. It works to prevent child labor,
ensure child protection, and monitor the implementation of laws
and policies related to child rights.

NGOS WORKING AGAINST CHILD LABOR IN INDIA:

Several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) actively work to
combat child labor in India. Some prominent NGOs include:

 Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save the Childhood Movement)

 Child Rights and You (CRY)
 Pratham
 Butterflies
 Save the Children India
 Child line India Foundation
 Global March Against Child Labour
 International Labour Organization (ILO):

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of

the United Nations that addresses labor issues, including child labor.
The ILO works with governments, employers' and workers'
organizations, and civil society to develop policies, programs, and
advocacy campaigns to eliminate child labor globally.

SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGE IN INDIA:

SOS Children's Village is a global organization that provides long-term
care and support to vulnerable children. They operate in various
countries, including India, and work to prevent child abandonment,
provide family-based care, and promote the well-being and
development of children.

THE CHILD LABOUR PROHIBITION AND REGULATION

ACT, 1986:
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act is legislation in
India that prohibits the employment of children in certain hazardous
occupations and processes. It regulates the conditions of work for
children in non-hazardous industries, sets penalties for violations,
and establishes mechanisms for the rehabilitation and welfare of
rescued child laborers.

STATISTICS SHOWING CHILD LABOR IN INDIA:

Child labor remains a significant challenge in India. According to data
from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and the Census of
India, here are some statistics on child labor in India:

 As of the latest available data from the NSSO in 2017-2018, there

were approximately 10.1 million child laborers in the age group of
5-14 years in India.
 The majority of child laborers in India are engaged in agriculture
(71.8%), followed by manufacturing (17.5%) and services (10.7%).
 Child labor is more prevalent in rural areas (9.2 million) compared
to urban areas (0.9 million).
 Child labor rates are higher among boys (5.6%) than girls (3.8%).

It's important to note that these statistics are approximate figures

and can vary over time. Efforts are being made by the government,
NGOs, and international organizations to address child labor and
promote the rights and well-being of children in India.
WAYS TO ELIMINATE CHILD LABOUR
Eliminating child labor requires a multi-faceted approach involving
various stakeholders, including governments, international
organizations, civil society, and businesses. Here are some key
strategies and ways to eliminate child labor:

1. Enact and enforce laws: Governments should enact and enforce

robust legislation that explicitly prohibits child labor, especially in
hazardous industries. Laws should establish appropriate age limits
for employment, regulate working conditions, and provide
penalties for violations. Strengthening labor inspections and
monitoring mechanisms is essential to ensure compliance.
2. Universal education: Ensuring access to quality education is crucial
in combating child labor. Governments should prioritize and invest
in education systems, making education free, compulsory, and
accessible for all children. Providing schools in rural and
marginalized areas, offering scholarships, and addressing barriers
to education, such as gender discrimination, can help prevent
child labor.
3. Poverty alleviation and social protection: Addressing the root
causes of child labor requires efforts to alleviate poverty and
provide social protection programs for vulnerable families. This
can include implementing income support programs, promoting
livelihood opportunities for adults, and providing access to
healthcare, housing, and nutrition assistance.
4. Awareness and advocacy: Raising awareness about the negative
consequences of child labor is essential in mobilizing support and
creating a social stigma against it. Governments, NGOs, and
international organizations should conduct campaigns to educate
communities, parents, employers, and children themselves about
the importance of education and the hazards of child labor.
5. Promote responsible business practices: Businesses have a crucial
role to play in combating child labor. They should adopt and
implement strict policies against child labor in their supply chains.
This includes conducting due diligence to identify and address
child labor risks, supporting supplier and contractor compliance,
and promoting fair wages and safe working conditions.
6. Strengthen monitoring and reporting mechanisms: Governments
and international organizations should establish robust
monitoring and reporting systems to identify and track instances
of child labor. This includes strengthening labor inspections,
establishing hotlines or helplines for reporting child labor
violations, and promoting whistleblower protections.
7. International cooperation: Child labor is a global issue, and
international cooperation is vital in addressing it effectively.
Governments should collaborate with international organizations,
such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), to exchange
best practices, share resources, and coordinate efforts to combat
child labor globally.
8. Support for rescued and at-risk children: Children who have been
rescued from child labor or are at risk of exploitation need
comprehensive support and rehabilitation. This includes access to
education, healthcare, psychosocial support, vocational training,
and alternative livelihood options for their families.

It is important to implement these strategies collectively and

continuously evaluate their effectiveness to ensure sustained
progress in eliminating child labor.

CONCLUSION
Child labor is a global issue that deprives children of their rights,
exposes them to hazardous conditions, and hinders their
development and future prospects. It is a complex problem with
multiple causes, including poverty, lack of access to education,
cultural factors, and weak enforcement of labor laws. The
consequences of child labor are far-reaching, affecting children
physically, mentally, and emotionally, perpetuating the cycle of
poverty, and hindering economic progress. However, efforts are
being made by governments, NGOs, international organizations, and
businesses to combat child labor through legislation, education,
awareness campaigns, poverty alleviation, responsible business
practices, and support for rescued children. The collective action of
these stakeholders is crucial in eliminating child labor and creating a
world where every child can enjoy their rights and reach their full
potential.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.unicef.org/

https://labour.gov.in/child-labour

http://bba.org.in/

https://www.butterflieschildrights.org/

https://www.savethechildren.in/

https://www.childlineindia.org.in/