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Lab Assignment 1.1

The document summarizes the major components of a computer system. It describes the motherboard as the backbone that holds all other components and allows them to communicate. It explains that the CPU executes instructions to perform tasks. RAM is used for temporary storage of data currently being processed. The HDD is used for long-term storage of data. The power supply unit converts power and supplies it to components. A CMOS battery powers the BIOS firmware when the computer is off. PCI slots connect additional hardware devices to the computer.

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Kabya Mithun Saha
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69 views

Lab Assignment 1.1

The document summarizes the major components of a computer system. It describes the motherboard as the backbone that holds all other components and allows them to communicate. It explains that the CPU executes instructions to perform tasks. RAM is used for temporary storage of data currently being processed. The HDD is used for long-term storage of data. The power supply unit converts power and supplies it to components. A CMOS battery powers the BIOS firmware when the computer is off. PCI slots connect additional hardware devices to the computer.

Uploaded by

Kabya Mithun Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1.

1
CSE-1111

Report on The Major Components of


a Computer System

Kabya Mithun Saha


Roll: 16

Department of CSE
University of Dhaka
[1]
A computer makes our day to day life easier by doing
complicated tasks. Many components inside the computer system
works together to do perform these tasks. The functionality of
these components are given below.

1. Motherboard
A motherboard is called the backbone of a computer
system. It is also known as circuit board , main board , logic
board , backbone board system board etc.[m] After opening the
casing of a computer system, all of the components of the
computer system are seen embedded to the motherboard. Some
of them are soldered to the motherboard and some are
detachable. Motherboard's main job is to hold all the
components and allow them to communicate through its printed
electrical circuits. It also helps to connect the system to
external devices and networks.
[2]
2.CPU (Central Processing Unit)
A CPU is a electronic device which executes the
instructions of a computer system. It is also known as
processor. It is seen to be installed on the motherboard. CPU
performs arithmetic , logic controlling and input/output
operations which are specified by programs. It receives
instructions ( known as fetching ) , places into instruction
register( IR ), decodes the instructions , performs the
instructions through ALU and finally stores the results to
memory. It is the main part which controls all the components
to perform the tasks given by programs.

Figure-
2: CPU
[3]

3.

RAM (Random Access Memory)


RAM is a short term memory device that is used to store
the data which processor is currently using. Memory of RAM
can be accessed faster than HDD, SSD and other long term
memory devices(though its data gets erased if the device is not
energized). Because of this reason, while performing any task,
data are stored in the RAM so that they can be accessed quickly
and easily. When a task is called , data stored in HDD or SSD
get transferred to RAM and then CPU starts processing the
data.

Figure-3: RAM [4]

4.HDD(Hard Disk Drive)


HDD is a very common storage device
used computers. It is comparatively cheaper
than SSD (Solid State Drive) though SSD
works faster. It is an electromagnetic storage
device which stores and retrieves data[h]. It
contains a thin magnet coated spinning platter which is used to
read and write Figure-4: HDD [5] data in the device.

5. PSU(Power Supply Unit)


Power supply is the hardware component which supplies
power to all the components of the motherboard. It is found as
a in one corner of the case. Non regulated current can burn the
motherboard and its components. PSU converts high voltage
AC current to low voltage DC current using an input power
transformer. A good Power Supply Unit is a must for safety
reasons.
[6]

6. CMOS Battery
A coin shaped battery named CMOS(Complementary Metal
Oxide Semiconductor) battery. It powers bios firmware which
is responsible to boot up the computer and to configure data
flow. It is responsible to keep the CMOS and BIOS powered on
even if the computer is unplugged. It
keeps the date and time correct. If
it runs out, the bios reverts to the default settings. It needs to be
changed after a period of time.

Figure-6: CMOS Battery


[7]

7.PCI( Periferal Component Interconnect )


Some stick sized ports are seen
in different places of the motherboard
which are called PCI. PCI is a computer
bus to connect hardware devices to the
computer such as network cards, sound
cards, modems etc. Though PCI is quite
obsolete nowadays. A newer version of PCI
Figure-7: PCI [8] has become popular which is known as PCI-e(
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express )

References:

0) https://en.wikipedia.org/

1) https://image.shutterstock.com/image-vector/cpu-chip-computer- -

components-vector-600w-674235355.jpg

2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard

3) https://www.computerhope.com/cdn/motherboard.jpg

4) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit#:~:text=In%20general

%2C%20a%20CPU%20executes,storing%20the%20result%20to%20memory.

5) https://i.insider.com/60402d82b46d720018b04c1d?width=1136&format=jpeg

6) https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/memory-ddr4.png
7) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Laptop-hard-

drive-exposed.jpg/220px-Laptop-hard-drive-exposed.jpg

8) https://cf.shopee.ph/file/0786b94977bc7477a770f8db3b6bc19c

9) https://lennox-it.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/lithium_bios_battery.jpg

10) http://photos.demandstudios.com/59/175/fotolia_5236504_XS.jpg

11) https://www.quora.com/

THE END

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