Specifications

PSD 153
Continuing Education from Plumbing Systems & Design

DECEMBER 2008

PSDMAGAZINE.ORG
 CONTINUING EDUCATION

Specifications
INTRODUCTION Bidder – The bidding and subsequent general subscription in the immediate
Plumbing drawings, plumbing specifications, awarding of the contract. area where the work is to be bid. These
general conditions, special conditions, and Contractor – The successful bidder after the public notices, which are governed by
the addenda comprise the contract docu- awarding of the contract. local ordinances, are published for a
ments that make up the contract between the Bidding documents – Construction docu- predetermined period of time.
owner and the contractor. None of these items ments issued to bidders before the owner/ 2. Instructions to Bidders are written to
can stand alone: the drawings cannot serve as contractor agreement has been signed. inform the prospective bidders how to
a contract without the specifications and vice prepare their bid so that all bids are in
Bidding requirements – The explanation the same format and can be easily and
versa. The plumbing designer must, therefore, of procedures to follow when preparing and
be familiar with specification writing. If others fairly compared after the bid opening.
submitting the bid. This is also used to attract 3. Bid Forms are prepared by the Architect/
prepare the specifications, then the plumbing potential bidders.
designer must be able to coordinate the draw- Engineer to provide uniform bid submit-
Contract documents – Documents that are tals by the bidders and to facilitate the
ings with the project specifications.
the legally enforceable requirements that comparison and evaluation of the bids
When writing specifications, the plumbing
become part of the contract when the agree- received.
designer must use clear, precise, and exact
ment is signed. 4. Bonds and Certificates are the legal doc-
language in order to convey to the reader the
information required. The essence of a well- Project manual – Bidding requirements uments that bind a third party into the
written specification is clarity, brevity, cor- combined with the other construction docu- contract as a surety that the bidder and
rectness, and completeness. ments. These are not part of the contract the owner will perform as agreed. This
Specification writers should follow estab- documents. could also be used to insure that the con-
lished, uniform practices that will ensure good Work – The performing of services, the tractor and subcontractors will perform
communication between the designer and all furnishing of labor, and supplying and incor- as agreed. The types of bonds commonly
other segments of the construction industry. porating of materials and equipment into the used are:
The result will be a set of documents that allow construction. (a) Bid Bond – Assures that the bidder
an engineer in one part of the country to con- Construction contract documents – The will enter into a contract with the
verse with a supplier or contractor in another proposed construction which is referred to as owner or the contractor if the bidder
location, and the specifications contain the the “work.” Many times these documents are is selected during the bidding
same language and meanings for all parties. referred to as the “contract documents” and phase;
erroneously, as the “plans and specifications.” (b) Performance Bond – Assures that
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT
It should be noted that many times in these the work, once a contract has been
DOCUMENTS documents are neither plans nor specifica- signed, will be completed in compli-
The Construction Specifications Institute tions. Instead of the use of the term “plans” ance with the contract documents;
(CSI) developed and implemented a set of when referring to the graphic documents,
documents known as the Manual of Practice the term “drawings” should be used. Many (c) Labor and Materials Payment Bond
that has been used nationwide for about 40 times the term “specifications” is expanded to – Assures that workers on this proj-
years. generally refer to all written documents. The ect will be paid in full, and that all
This Manual is intended to provide an correct term when describing all of the docu- suppliers that have provided materi-
ordered, logical, simple, and flexible format for ments, with the exception of the drawings, is als for the project will be paid in full
the specification writer to use in the prepara- “project manual.” prior to the project closeout;
tion of specifications. One of the principles of (d) Guaranty Bond – Guarantees that
this format, which is known as Masterformat, PROJECT MANUAL the contractor will be paid in full for
is to establish a standard location where only The project manual is an accurate and descrip- all work performed to construct the
specific information is stated. This location lets tive term to describe the collection of docu- project;
the reader retrieve the information required in ments other than the drawings. This manual
the least amount of time. It is essential that the consists of the following documents: (e) Certificates – Certificates of insur-
plumbing specification writer be familiar with 1. Pre-bid Information advises those pro- ance, or proof of insurance from the
and understands all the components that con- spective bidders about the proposed contractors and/or subcontractors,
stitute the Manual of Practice in order to write project. Private work going out for bid is as well as certificates of compliance
clear, concise specifications. The components usually advertised to the bidders by mail with applicable codes, laws, and
discussed in this chapter are Uniformat, Mas- or by telephone. The Architect, Engineer, regulations.
terformat, and Sectionformat. or the Owner invites these bidders, and 5. The Agreement is the written document
bidding is restricted to those bidders signed by the owner and the contractor,
DEFINITION OF TERMS or by the contractor and a subcontractor
invited. This method is usually referred
It is necessary to define some terms used in or a material supplier, that is the legal
to as “Bid by Invitation.” Pre-bid infor-
the construction contract documents so that instrument binding these parties to the
mation for public work is required by
one term, and only that one term, is used for contract. The agreement defines the
law to be advertised in all newspapers of
any one part of the documents.

Reprinted from Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook, Volume 1, Chapter 3 “Specifications”

© American Society of Plumbing Engineers , 2004.

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 relationships as well as the obligations 10. Modifications are the written or graphic Large firms may even have a full-time specifi-
between the signing parties. documents that are issued after the cations department.
6. General Conditions are the general construction agreement has been signed The first thing the designer must have is as
clauses that establish how the project is to allow for additions to, deletions much information as possible that pertains
to be administered. These clauses con- from, or modifications of the work to be to the section to be written. This includes any
tain provisions that are common practice performed. These changes are accom- reference materials that describe products
in the United States. The American Insti- plished by the use of change orders, and methods of construction to be described
tute of Architects, AIA, has developed construction change directives, work within the specification section. The project
Document A201, “General Conditions of change directives, field orders, architect’s information would include the drawing set
the Contract for Construction.” A printed supplemental Instructions (ASI), and as prepared by the designer, the project note-
copy of which is usually included into written amendments to the construction book, the project scope of work and any appli-
the project manual and referenced by agreement. These changes or modifica- cable laws and/or building codes. Information
the other documents included in the tions can be issued anytime during the for the products can be obtained through a
manual. General conditions documents contract period. variety of sources, which include: (1) previ-
are available from other organizations ous project specifications; (2) manufacturer’s
Each of the above listed documents is a sep-
such as the National Society of Profes- information; (3) handbooks, pamphlets, etc
arate document, but when grouped together,
sional Engineers (NSPE), the American for the various trade associations; (4) informa-
they are collectively referred to as the “Front
Consulting Engineers Council (ACEC), tion from the manufacturer’s representatives;
End Documents.” Although the specifications
the American Society of Civil Engineers (5) reference standards from national stan-
document usually comprises the bulk of the
(ASCE), and the Construction Specifica- dards organizations, governmental agencies,
project manual, it is only one of the required
tions Institute (CSI). and trade associations; (6) technical and pro-
documents. If the project is primarily plumb-
7. Supplementary Conditions are the ing, then the plumbing engineer/designer fessional societies; (7) commercially prepared
clauses that modify or supplement the guide specifications; (8) information obtained
may be responsible for the preparation of the
general conditions, as needed, to pro- from the trades, contractors, etc.; and (9) per-
entire project manual.
vide for requirements specific to that sonal experience.
project. They consist of modifications SPECIFICATIONS Never edit previous specifications for use
and/or substitutions such as insurance Originally all documentation for a given proj- in the new project, as they may not contain
requirements, prevailing wage rates, etc. ect was placed upon the drawings, but as the required language, the standards cited may
It is important to remember that these amount of information increased to where have changed, the products specified may not
are not standardized documents like AIA it would not fit the drawing, another way be available any more, or the codes and/or
A201 and must be prepared based on the was needed to present this information. The laws may have changed since those specifica-
requirements of the specific project. designers simply started compiling all the tions were first written.
8. Specifications verbally describe the notes that would not fit onto the drawings and Once the information that will be needed
required materials and equipment, the over time designers have added additional has been gathered the designer must now
level of quality required for installation information, product requirements, contrac- decide what type of format will be used as the
and equipment, and the methods by tual provisions, as well as construction meth- basis of the specifications to be written.
which the materials and equipment ods and systems to create a written document. Depending on the size of the project or the
are assembled and installed, and how The specification is used to define the qualita- project phase that the specification is being
they interface within the project as a tive requirements for products, materials and prepared for, the designer may choose a short
whole. The specifications also set the workmanship that will be used to construct a abbreviated format such as Uniformat devel-
administrative requirements for the given project. oped by the CSI. For the larger, more complex
contract. All items pertaining to the work As the popularity of the specification grew projects the designer may choose the full
under contract should be included in among design professionals, so did the prob- format as is found in the Masterformat devel-
the specifications. The plumbing draw- lems this new idea created. Among these prob- oped by the CSI. Both Uniformat and Master-
ings graphically illustrate the scope of lems, there were no “universal” guidelines to format were developed in the early 1970s and
the design, the equipment location, the insure a uniform document. Each designer 1960s, respectively.
routing of piping, the quantity of materi- wrote specifications using their own style In addition to the Uniformat and Master-
als required, and the interface with the according to what they thought was important. format specification format listed above, there
other trades involved. Even the specifications that came from large are also specifications developed by the Engi-
9. Addenda are the written or graphic firms were lacking in consistency between neer’s Joint Contract Documents Committee
documents that are issued prior to the documents. Materials, methods or items that (EJCDC), American Institute of Architects
bid to clarify, revise, add to, or delete were related were not grouped together in a (AIA), National Society of Professional Engi-
information in the original bidding logical manner but were scattered through- neers (NSPE), as well as various governmen-
documents or in previous addenda. It out the document in a seemingly random tal agencies such as the Corps of Engineers
should be noted that while an adden- manner. This practice caused great difficulty (USACOE), the armed services, NASA, etc.
dum is typically issued prior to the bid when the contractor tried to prepare a specific The designer needs to become knowledge-
opening, AIA document A201 allows for bid, making it very easy to overlook important able of the different specifications that are
the issuance of an addendum any time and costly items. Also, coordination between available so they can decide which specifica-
up to the execution of the contract. This the various trades and the contractor would tion is best suited for the phase of the project
feature allows for the negotiated adjust- be difficult at best. Last-minute changes were being designed.
ment of a selected bid after the bid open- extremely difficult to accomplish.
ing. In contrast, the similar document by Specifications can be generated in as many UNIFORMAT
Uniformat is the specification system that
the Engineers Joint Contract Documents ways. They may be produced by the designer
was developed during the early 1970s and is a
Committee (EJCDC) restricts the issu- as part of the design process or by a specific
system-based format. This format is used pri-
ance of addenda pre-bid opening. individual within the firm who is employed
marily during the schematic phase as well as
full time to writing project specifications.

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  3

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
the preliminary or “budgetary” cost estimates. tion products and activities (divisions 1-16). requirements that govern a project. This group
The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) The first five groups, while they are not speci- is divided into five subgroups, which are fur-
and the Construction Specifications Canada fications, are usually included in the project ther divided into a total of forty-nine divisions.
(CSC) recommend the organization of project manual. The last group forms the construction The five subgroups comprising the Specifica-
data during the preliminary project phases. specifications. tions Group are: (1) General Requirements
Uniformat is divided into eight broad cat- Under the heading (6) construction prod- (Division 01), (2) Facility Construction (Divi-
egories or sections: (A) substructure; ucts and activities, there are four levels of sions 02-19), (3) Facility Services (Divisions
(B) shell; (C) interiors; (D) services; (E) detail for each division. Level One consists 20-29), (4) Site and Infrastructure (Divisions
equipment and furnishings; (F) other building of the titles for the 16 divisions (see Appen- 30-39), and (5) Process Equipment (Divisions
construction; (G) sitework; and (Z) general. dix A2). The Level Two titles (or sections) are 40-49). Appendix B1 contains a complete
For more information and the subcategories referred to as “broad scope” because they pro- list of subgroups and divisions and a short
found within each of the eight categories of vide the widest scope in describing the work description of any changes.
this format, refer to Appendix A1. Additional to be performed or the products to be utilized The original numbering system consisted of
information on Uniformat may be obtained (see Appendix A3). Level Three titles are some- a five-digit number (began in 1978) that orga-
from CSI’s publication Manual of Practice. times referred to as “medium scope” since nized the information throughout the sixteen
One of the best features of Uniformat is that they cover work that is more limited in scope divisions. The new system utilizes a six-digit
each category or sub-category can be easily than under the level two titles. Level Three number that consists of three pairs of two digit
expanded as more information is accumu- takes the titles listed under Level Two and numbers. For example, 03200 found in Mas-
lated during the ongoing design process. As further divides them in order to add a more terFormat 95 was replaced by 03 20 00 (the
more information is added to the Uniformat, definitive scope (see Appendix A4). The titles new number for Concrete Reinforcement).
provides the estimator with valuable informa- found under Level Four are the most limited Level four numbers have been removed.
tion to prepare an informed preliminary cost in scope and are often referred to as “narrow However, recommendations for their use have
estimate. scope”. These titles cover elements of the work been included in the supporting documents
Once the project progresses from the pre- that are very specific (see Appendix A5). should the specifier wish to include level four.
liminary or schematic phase (where the Uni- In the progression from Level One to Level It should be noted that each level has two
format provides the necessary information) Four, the titles (or sections) become more digits and this alone allows ten times as many
to the design development or “DD” phase, narrow or specialized. For example, using the subjects as was possible under the old five
more detailed information is required that spec for nitrogen piping, at Level One it would digit format.
Uniformat is not designed to handle. At this be 15000-Mechanical. Then, at Level Two Site construction was located in Division 2
stage of the project, outline specifications are the title is further defined to 15200-Process under the old system and is now listed as Divi-
usually introduced to organize the required piping. At Level Three, this section is defined sion 02-Existing Conditions and all site con-
information. In some projects, the use of the as 15210-Process Air and Gas Piping. Finally, struction subjects have been relocated to the
outline specification may be required as part at Level Four, the title is further defined to Civil and Infrastructure Subgroup. Division 02
of the agreement between the owner and the 15215-Nitrogen Piping. now contains subjects dealing with items and
architect/engineer (A/E). Refer to AIA docu- conditions on the job site at the start of the
ment B141 and ESCDC document 1910-1 for MASTERFORMAT 2004—AN project including selected demolition, sub-
additional information. OVERVIEW surface and site investigation, surveying, site
Drawings that are prepared during the Since last being updated in 1995, CSI’s Mas- decontamination and site remediation, etc.,
design development phase contain more terFormat has been the staple of the archi- Beginning with this edition, there will be
detail, both general and specific, than the tectural and engineering community. This sections included to classify information for
schematic phase drawings. document, while it was good, began to show facility operations and maintenance, repairs
some problems with respect to supporting the and commissioning. This information will
MASTERFORMAT entire construction industry and it had very be located in each division instead of being
Some designers organize their outline speci- limited room for any future expansion. In 2001 placed in its own division.
fications at this point around CSI’s Master- a seventeen-member task force known as the Another change is the relocation of certain
format because this format can be used from MasterFormat expansion task team (MFETT) items from one Division to other Divisions.
the design development phase through to the was formed by CSI to address problems of the Division 15 has now been reserved for future
construction documents (CD). document currently in use. Three years and expansion. Plumbing items have been relo-
Masterformat is a master list of the divisions many drafts later, the revised document known cated to Division 22-Plumbing and HVAC
numbers and titles that was developed during as MasterFormat 2004 is now ready and will be items have been moved to Division 23-Heat-
the Washington, D.C., conferences in 1962 available in late autumn 2004 through CSI at ing, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Fire
and 1963 and later became the industry stan- their website (www.CSINet.org) . Suppression items that were located to Divi-
dard in both the United States and Canada. Significant changes have been made in the sion 13 have been relocated to Division 21-Fire
The core of this system is the five-digit num- organization of this document. The first signif- Suppression. Refer to Appendix B2 for a listing
bers and titles that arrange construction/proj- icant change to be made in the organization of sections found in Division 21-Fire Suppres-
ect data into an organized order of sequence. of the MasterFormat 95 is the reduction of the sion. For a more detailed breakdown of sub-
By having this universal standardized system, six groups to only two groups (Procurement jects listed in this Division refer to Appendix
the placement and retrieval of information and Contracting Requirements Group and B3. Appendix B4 contains a listing of the sec-
is greatly facilitated, and communication Specifications Group). The Procurement and tions found in Division 22-Plumbing, while
throughout the entire construction phase Contracting Requirements Group known, by Appendix B5 contains a more detailed break-
also is greatly improved. Under this format, the more familiar name front end documents, down of the sections and subjects.
group numbers and titles are organized under contains the bidding information, project In conclusion, the changes discussed above
these headings: (1) introductory information; forms, contract conditions, etc. Essentially this and any others made to MasterFormat 2004
(2) bidding requirements; (3) contracting is the same material, just with a new name and were made to facilitate use in the Architec-
requirements; (4) facilities and spaces; (5) different location. The Specifications Group tural and Engineering fields for years to come.
systems and assemblies; and (6) construc- contains the administrative and technical As when anything changes, there will be those

4  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

who love, hate, use or ignore the new. How- use of proprietary names are prohibited by tional organizations usually publish these
ever, MasterFormat 2004 deserves a chance. law (such as with federally funded projects) or standards. A committee of architects, engi-
While Masterformat provides standard- it is not possible to write a reference standard neers, scientists, technicians, manufacturers,
ization as well as the titles to be used in the specification due to a lack of reference stan- and product users very knowledgeable about
project manual, it does not address the way dards. that particular subject area usually author a
in which information will be organized. This In order to write a descriptive specification, standard.
need for standardization within a section the specifier needs to adhere to certain basic There are six types of reference-based stan-
prompted the development of Sectionformat. steps. The specifier should: (1) Research avail- dards that are commonly used when writing a
This format or outline produces organization, able products that will be included in this sec- specification. These include: (1) basic material
appearance, and completeness that is consis- tion; (2) Research the critical features that will standards; (2) product standards; (3) design
tent from one section to the next. It may be be required in this section, then analyze and standards; (4) workmanship standards; (5)
used as a checklist to gather information for compare these requirements with the prod- test-method standards; and (6) codes. The
each section. ucts that are available; (3) Review the features materials are addressed for the system. Basic
A good specification section will provide that are required and determine which fea- material standards, such as ASTM B88-03
the answer to the following three questions: tures are best described by the specification “Standard Specification for Seamless Copper
(1) How does the work defined in the section and which features would be best shown on Water Tube,” were written by the American
relate to the work defined for the rest of the the drawings; (4) Be sure to describe features Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) and cover
project? (2) What materials and/or products considered to be critical and the minimum one item — in this case, copper water tubing
are to be used to complete the work under acceptable requirements; and (5) be certain suitable for general plumbing or similar appli-
this section? (3) How are these materials and/ requirements can be met by the products to cations for conveying fluids and commonly
or products to be incorporated into the work be supplied. The designer should take care used with solder, flared, or compression fit-
under this section and the project as a whole? in selecting and specifying unique features tings. Products are to conform to items iden-
The answers to these questions are grouped from different products and manufacturers tified in a standard. Product standards, such
into three parts to form the outline for a given (picking features from one product and com- as ASME B16.22-2002 “Wrought Copper and
section. These parts are: Part I—GENERAL, bining it with others, etc). This could create a Copper Alloy, Solder Joint, Pressure Fittings,”
Part 2—PRODUCTS, and Part 3—EXECU- descriptive specification of a particular prod- (written by the American Society of Mechani-
TION. Refer to Appendix C1 for the shell out- uct that does not exist. When this happens, cal Engineers (ASME)), establishes specifica-
line developed by the American Institute of the designer must spend additional time to tions for wrought copper and copper alloy,
Architects (AIA) that conforms to the manual rewrite the description. Avoid any unnecessary solder joint, seamless fittings designed for use
of practice as prepared by the Construction features and minutely detailed requirements. with copper tube that conforms to ASTM B88-
Specifications Institute (CSI). The order in A performance specification is a statement 03.
which these parts are used within a section is or statements of the results and criteria the Design requirements are set forth for the
fixed in both name and order, providing a con- specifier requires to verify compliance. It system. A design standard, such as ACI-318
sistent format throughout all sections. This, in should not contain unnecessary limitations “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
turn, simplifies the designer’s job and makes on the methods for achieving the required Concrete,” is written by the American Con-
the finding of information by the reader much results. All desired end results the specifier crete Institute (ACI) to cover the use of rein-
easier. wants must be spelled out completely. An forced concrete in building assemblies. Work-
Masterformat and Sectionformat, when incomplete performance specification will manship standards describe the construction
used together, will produce specifications result in the designer losing control over the procedures that are necessary. Workman-
that are clear, complete, accurate, and coor- quantity of materials, equipment, and work- ship standards include items such as ASTM
dinated. This allows the information to flow manship that will go into the project. Criteria B828-02, “Standard Practice Making Capillary
from the divisions to the sections to the parts for verifying compliance includes criteria for Joints by Soldering Copper and Copper Alloy
and vice versa. measurement, test evaluation, or other means Tubing and Fittings.” This standard describes
as required by the designer to assure that the the procedure for making capillary (“sweat”)
METHODS OF SPECIFICATION standards of performance have been met. joints using solder, copper tube, and copper or
Specifications are written using one of the fol- When using the performance specification, copper alloy fittings.
lowing four methods of specifying products, it should be remembered that only essential Test method standards establish the mini-
materials, or workmanship. These four meth- restrictions are to be placed upon the system mum requirements of what is being tested
ods include: (1) descriptive specifications; while limitations on the means should be and how to test systems for compliance to the
(2) performance specifications; (3) reference avoided. It also should be remembered that standard. Test standards such as ASTM E53-
standard specifications; and (4) proprietary when performance specifications are the 02, “Standard Test Methods for Determination
specifications. primary method of design and contracting of Copper in Alloyed Copper by Gravimetry,”
A descriptive specification consists of a procedure, specialized contract documents describe the test procedures and protocols
detailed written description of the required would be required. This is because the con- required to obtain a chemical analysis of
properties of a product, material, or piece of tract documents will be far more complex and copper having a minimal purity of 99.75% by
equipment and the workmanship required for often will involve a variety of participants in gravimetric analysis. A code standard contains
its proper installation. When writing this type the contract proceedings. regulations that govern materials to be used,
of specification, it is important to remember The reference standard specification is the how they are to be installed, etc. Code stan-
that proprietary or brand names of manu- use of a nationally or internationally recog- dards, such as the National Standard Plumb-
factured products are not to be used and the nized standard to specify a product, materials, ing Code published by the National Associa-
specifier assumes the burden of performance. or workmanship instead of writing a detailed tion of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contrac-
This method of specifying was once widely description. A standard is generally defined as tors is a body of code regulations adopted by
used, but as projects became more complex, a requirement defined by a recognized author- local municipalities as their plumbing code.
its use has declined. Writing this type of speci- ity, custom, or general consensus. Trade asso- When a designer wants to refer to or “cite”
fication is very tedious and time consuming. ciations, professional societies, standards a standard, it is not necessary to include the
Descriptive specifications are used when the organizations, or governmental and institu- entire text of the referenced standard into

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  5

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
the body of the specification to be written. include: allowing for closer control in the ucts or materials are also listed. The bidder
The desired standard can be included in the selection of the product; having more detailed must bid on those specified items and may
document by referring to its number, title, or and complete drawings due to the more pre- also provide prices for the alternative items
other designation. The most common form is cise information from the product supplier; specified. These prices are usually included on
to cite it with the initials of the organization having shorter specifications which result in the bid form in the spaces provided. To clarify
that sponsors it and the number of the stan- shorter production time; allowing for removal bidding processes, the designer might include
dard, such as ASTM B88-03. The last digits of product pricing as a major variable; and instructions to the bidder such as the follow-
separated by the hyphen are the date the stan- narrowing of the competition which will sim- ing: “When the product is specified to only
dard was written or last revised. Sometimes plify the bidding process. Disadvantages to the one manufacturer, substitution of products
the standard will be seen with a lower case “a” use of this method include: the elimination will not be allowed. If alternates to the base
after the date. This indicates an amendment to or narrowing down of the competition (pref- bid are requested, then the bidder may submit
the standard. These “cited” standards become erential treatment might be shown for one bids for the alternate items. These bid prices
part of the document just as surely as if the product over another and resentment might shall include the amount required to incor-
standard’s entire text were included. be directed back to the designer); forcing the porate the alternate product into the project.
When using the reference standard, the contractor to do work with a product with Requests for additional monies for alternate
designer needs to remember certain things. which they have very little or no prior experi- products or materials shall not be considered
First, there are bad reference standards as ence (this could result in poor performance after the agreement has been executed.” The
well as good ones. Next, the indiscriminate by the contractor); and possibly specifying a open proprietary specification removes the
use of these standards within the document product to be provided by a manufacturer that problem of overpricing, which is common in
can result in duplication, contradiction, and no longer exists. sole-source product or material bids. It also
general chaos for designer, contractor, and There are two types of proprietary specifica- allows for the selection of alternate items and
the owner. Finally, some of the standards may tions: closed and open. The difference between price quotations for those items.
contain hidden choices that the designer may them lies in how the subject of substitutions The major problem with proprietary speci-
not know even exists, and their inclusion into of the specified products is handled. Open fications is the attempts by some bidders to
the document may cause a myriad of prob- specifications usually allow substitution of the introduce products or materials inferior in
lems with the enforcement of the contract products, while closed specifications usually quality to those that were specified originally.
conditions. These standards often only meet do not allow any substitutions but restrict the This problem is the greatest when the bidder
the minimum requirements. selection to a limited number of choices. is allowed to specify substitutions after the
Before writing a reference based specifica- The closed proprietary specification allows award of the contract. This leads to the prac-
tion, the designers should thoroughly famil- the design to be completed with higher-level tice known as “bid shopping.” This is unfair
iarize themselves with the standards they plan detail while reducing the variables, thus pro- to those who submitted bids originally and
to use and how to incorporate these standards moting more accurate bids. It will not, how- pressure is put on the designer to accept these
into the document correctly, as well as how to ever, provide protection against higher costs inferior product substitutions.
enforce the requirements of the standard once caused by a supplier of a specified product In order to prevent this situation, the
it has been included. taking an unfair advantage of his proprietary designer must maintain control over the bid-
Due to possible conflicts between the lan- position and increasing the price. The closed ding process by including requirements in
guage of the written standard and the general proprietary specification may either list one the specifications similar to the following: (1)
conditions of the contract, the designer should product or multiple products as the designer All substitution requests are to be in writing
include a clause in the supplementary condi- sees fit, and there are no substitutions from the bidders, only and any requests from
tions of the contract that states the contract allowed. The designer can control the product manufacturers and suppliers will not be con-
conditions shall govern over the requirements selection through the use of the instructions sidered. (2) The setting of a definite deadline
of the cited reference standards. Another found in section 01630-(“Product Substitution for the submission of substitution requests by
clause should state that should a conflict Procedures”), which provides requirements the bidder. This deadline should be a mini-
or discrepancy arise between the reference for the use of the product or products speci- mum of ten (10) days prior to the bid open-
standard and another cited reference and the fied. Under a closed proprietary specification, ing. (3) All requests for substitutions shall be
specifications, the more stringent requirement when only a single product is specified, the submitted with the request for approval. Sub-
shall apply. Once the standard has been speci- substitution of another product is not allowed, missions without supporting documentation
fied, it becomes necessary for the designer to and the bids submitted will be based upon shall not be considered. (4) The designer shall
be able to enforce the requirements of that this product only. When a product is specified review all submissions and issue notification
particular standard once the project begins. by naming several manufacturers, the substi- of any accepted substitutions to all bidders
The most common means to ensure com- tution of other products shall not be allowed, by addendum. The time period between the
pliance of the standard is to check the shop and the bids submitted will be based on the deadline for requests and the addendum is
drawings and other submittals (including products specified. The successful bidder is at the discretion of the designer, but should
manufacturer’s literature, samples, and test usually required to submit a list of the product not be less than three (3) days to allow proper
reports) and make regular site visits to insure or products they intend to use; within a speci- examination of the submitted materials.
compliance of the workmanship standards. fied time following the bid for approval, but The federal government and other public
The last method of specifying is the use of prior to purchase and installation. If there are authorities forbid the use of the proprietary
the proprietary specification. This method at least three products named and competi- or other exclusionary specifications except
identifies the products to be used by manufac- tion is achieved in the bid process, it is up to under special conditions.
turer’s name, brand name, the model number, the designer to make sure the products are
type designation, or unique characteristics. equal and acceptable for the purpose to which CREATING THE SPECIFICATION
A specification is considered proprietary if they are being specified. SECTION
the product to be specified is available from a The open proprietary specification specifies Having examined the methods by which prod-
single source. or names products or materials in the same ucts, materials, or workmanship are specified,
The use of this type of specification has both manner as the closed specification. The differ- we shall now look at how these methods are
advantages and disadvantages. Advantages ence is that alternatives for the specified prod- used to create a specification section for the

6  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

project manual. Refer to Appendix C1, Section the work to be performed, the listing of any erns the submittals. It tells what is required
Shell Outline, to help illustrate a specification products to be furnished but not installed, for all products used in the project. The
section, in conformance with the Manual of and products that are not furnished but designer must decide what information
Practice. are to be installed. This also is sometimes will be submitted for review and approval.
Beginning at the top, the first item to be a clause referred to as “owner furnished, On some government projects the submit-
completed is the section number. The section contractor installed.” The next item found tal process will be under governmental
number is a five-digit number correspond- in PART 1 is the listing of the related sec- control not the designer. The information
ing to MasterFormat. This number may refer tions. It is here that other sections in the required for the submittal can include: (1)
to any level from Level Two to Level Four, specifications containing requirements Product data as prepared by the manufac-
depending on how specific this section will related to this particular section are listed. turer or third-party organization; (2) Shop
be. Following the section number is the sec- Some designers choose to omit this part drawings from either the manufacturer or
tion title. The designer should keep this to a because during last-minute changes, this the contractor; (3) Coordination drawings;
maximum of one line, 6-8 words. often fails to get updated resulting in a con- (4) Wiring or piping diagrams from the
Under Sectionformat as discussed earlier, fusing, flawed document. Also found in the manufacturer or contractor; (5) Product
a specification section is divided into three summary are allowances, unit prices, and certification from manufacturers that these
parts. These are (1) PART 1—GENERAL; PART alternates. An allowance is a predetermined products have been tested and are compli-
2—PRODUCTS; PART 3—EXECUTION. The monetary amount agreed to by both the ant with the appropriate standard cited by
section number is usually either Level Two designer and the owner to be inserted into the manufacturer; (6) Test reports from an
or Level Three. Level Four section numbers the bid for certain items such as art work, independent (or third party) test laboratory
are not assigned. This provides the user with furniture or even plumbing fixtures. A unit certifying those products; (7) Qualification
greater flexibility by allowing a location for the price is a fixed bid price amount for an item data for manufacturers, firms, or individu-
designer to add specifications if necessary. such as a water closet, lavatory, and per- als as required in Section 1.7 Quality Assur-
foot price on a four-inch cast iron pipe, etc. ance; and (8) Maintenance data for the
PART 1—GENERAL includes: the scope of
An alternate is a defined portion of the work materials and products used for inclusion
and, any necessary references to the related
that is priced separately and provides the into the operation and maintenance (O&M)
work, codes, and standards that are to be in
owner an option for to select for the final manuals for the owner (if required).
force during the project; qualifications for both
scope of the work. Alternates usually allow
manufacturers and workmanship; required Section 1.7 Quality Assurance
choices among the products to be used or
submittals, including the format required for This is the quality control for the project. In
to add or delete portions of the work from
submission of the submittals; any samples this section the designer can include what
the project.
required for examination by the designer; he feels is needed to assure the project is
required information on product manufac- Section 1.2 References completed correctly. Included in this sec-
turing and shipping schedules; receiving and Another item found in the first section is tion are manufacturer and installer quali-
storage requirements; as well as any other the references. It is here that the reference fications. It is here the level of experience,
information found to be necessary. standards that have been cited in this sec- usually a set number of years, is spelled out.
PART 2—PRODUCTS includes those products tion are listed alphabetically. Standards are The normal experience for a manufacturer
to be used on the project that are part of the usually written in the following manner: is five years minimum; for an installer three
work described by this specification section. (1) Standard number; (2) Standard title; (3) years minimum is usual. Requirements for
These products should be described as accu- Standard society or agency; and (4) Date of supervision and licensure can be included
rately, completely, and, above all, briefly as the last revision. For example: ASME B16.22, as well. For example, “all work required
possible to give the reader the facts needed in Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder by this specification section shall be per-
least amount of text. Any descriptions of these Joint, Pressure Fittings, American Society of formed by licensed, experienced trades-
products shall be to describe the product to be Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 2002. When men working under the direct supervision
used and present any pertinent data required there are multiple references by the same of a licensed, experienced supervisor with a
for the use of that product. The designer organization those references are arranged minimum of 10 years experience. No unsu-
should not include installation instructions in ascending numerical order. pervised work by unlicensed workers shall
and like information in this part, but should be allowed.” Requirements for testing labo-
Section 1.3 Definition
include it in PART 3—EXECUTION. ratories, welding and welder certifications,
After the references, any special definitions compliance with U. L. standards, compli-
PART 3—EXECUTION contains the detailed required to explain the work or products ance with NFPA 70 (NEC), ASME compli-
instructions of how the products listed in used are listed alphabetically. ance, and others are also included within
PART 2 are to be used or installed in the work Section 1.4 System Description this section.
being performed. Each product listed in PART
2 should have information as to its use in this The system description is used by some Section 1.8 Delivery, Storage, and Handling
part. Also, included in this section: any test- designers and omitted by others. This is This section includes the instructions on
ing that is to be performed (be sure to include usually a brief but accurate description of shipping and handling of materials or
instructions on who pays for the testing, as how this spec section fits into the work. equipment from the manufacturer to the
well as what tests and the number required); Section 1.5 System Performance Criteria jobsite, as well as lifting and rigging instruc-
instructions for the coordination between the The system performance requirements tions, onsite storage requirements, and
various trades; the acceptance of the substrate; give the performance criteria, if necessary, coordination between shipping schedules,
and any required tolerances for installations. for this work. This section is usually omit- delivery dates, and installation dates.
ted unless a performance specification is Section 1.9 Project Conditions
PART 1 desired. Site condition disclaimers and disclaimers
Section 1.1 Summary Section 1.6 Submittals for field measurements that direct the con-
The first section of Part 1 is the summary. The next portion of PART 1 is probably one tractor to verify all measurements prior to
In this section, there is the description of of the most important ones because it gov- start of work fall under this category. This

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  7

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
section is optional at the decision of the substitutions levels the bidding field and A section that covers the adjustment,
designer. takes away the problems of a bidder getting cleaning, and calibration of the products
a lower bid by using substandard prod- included in this project is well advised. One
Section 1.10 Sequence and Scheduling
uct. Under this section, the decision can of the most common sections would prob-
This coordinates the various portions of the be made about the product as well as the ably be the cleaning and disinfection of the
project and can cross trades. The section is manufacturer. Only one of these methods potable water system.
optional as well because it is up to the gen- should be used—either specify the manu-
eral contractor, not the plumbing designer, Section 3.8 Commissioning
facturer or product by an “open” as seen in
to schedule and coordinate work that is paragraph A (of Appendix C1) or “closed” Another section that is not mandated by the
under the contract. as seen in paragraph B. The same is true current CSI format, but is gaining in use and
for paragraphs C and D. As stated earlier in will probably be included as part of the new
Section 1.11 Warranty
this chapter, the closed method gives the CSI format (tentatively scheduled for release
The designer lists any special warranties late 2004) is Commissioning or placing the
required or any warranty condition that is designer more control over the quality of
the products being included in this project. building into service for the owner to use.
different from the manufacturer’s standard Items that should be addressed include:
warranty. Sections 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4 are similar to Sec-
tion 2.1. In Section 2.3 the materials that will (1) Equipment start up by factory autho-
Section 1.12 Maintenance be used are specified using either a descrip- rized service technicians; (2) Testing and
Contains any special maintenance require- tive specification or a performance specifica- adjusting of controls and safeties with the
ments for the equipment installed under tion. Both the performance and descriptive replacement of all malfunctioning parts; (3)
this section. specification types were discussed earlier. Providing adequate training to the owner’s
Sections 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9 are not maintenance staff with regard to the start
Section 1.13 Extra Materials up and shut down of equipment, trouble-
usually included in plumbing specifications.
A list of extra materials including those such shooting, servicing, and maintenance; and
However, that does not mean they cannot be
as valve repair kits, faucet repair parts, extra (4) Reviewing the data in the O&M manuals
used if the designer feels they are needed.
belts, handles, lubricants, seals, elements, with the maintenance staff.
etc. Item and quantity required to be sup-
PART 3 USE OF COMPUTERS IN PRODUCING
plied to the owner by the contractor are also
listed. Section 3.1 Examination SPECIFICATIONS
This section is concerned with the instal- Very few plumbing specifications today are
PART 2 written as an original document, otherwise
lation of the products or materials into the
This section deals with the products, materials, known as “from scratch.” In most cases, the
project. The first part involves instructions
and equipment, as well as the manufacturers project specifications are created using an
to the contractor to examine the sites, plans,
that will be included in the work. office prepared “master specification,” or a
existing or constructed walls, floors and
Section 2.1 Manufacturers ceilings that must be installed. This section set of commercially prepared specifications
should also instruct the contractor not to that have been published by various industry
Under paragraph A, the contractor may
proceed with the work until all unsatisfac- organizations such as Masterspec or Spectext.
supply products by any manufacturer that
tory items have been corrected. Following The American Institute of Architects (AIA)
are compliant with the specification section
sections deal with the general and specific publishes Masterspec. Spectext is published
covering that portion of the work. Most of
installation requirements of the prod- by the Constructed Science Research Founda-
the time the products to be supplied comply
ucts and/or materials being used. Often tion, which is affiliated with the Construction
with the specifications but sometimes they
included, but not mandatory by CSI stan- Specifications Institute (CSI). The use of a
do not. Paragraph B states that the designer
dards, is a section on connections (shown master specification to prepare a project spec-
decides which manufacturers of a particu-
as Section 3.5). It is in this section that con- ification is certainly more cost efficient than
lar product will be allowed and which will
nection requirements for owner furnished, “starting from scratch” with each new project.
not. Under this paragraph, the contractor
contractor installed (often seen as OFCI or The process begins with the designer or
is given a list of approved manufactur-
GFCI on government projects) are found. A specifier choosing the sections that will be
ers to choose from. The designer has both
good example of this would be in the case needed for the project manual. This list is then
researched the product and tested manu-
of a commercial kitchen where the kitchen given to the word-processing department to
facturers to make sure the products meet
equipment supplier sets the equipment but put together the copy for each section and
or exceed the standards set forth by that
the plumber connects them to the utilities. return it to the designer. It is then reviewed
section of the specification. For example, a
and rewritten as required to suit the project’s
listing for a water closet would be: Section 3.6 Field Quality Control particular requirements. The revised “master”
1. Water closet, floor outlet, flushometer The designer deals with testing laboratory copy is then returned to the word-processing
a) Manufacturer “A” services (including who pays for it), which department to make the necessary rewrite
b) Manufacturer “B” tests are to be made, and which standard(s) to the master copy. This revised copy will be
c) Manufacturer “C” must be met. Also included is what remedy returned to the designer, who will proofread
d) Manufacturer “D” must be made if the tests prove that the it and make any further changes that might
products and/or materials are not compliant be required. This process continues until the
e) Substitutions
with the standard set forth in the specifica- project is finalized. As you see, this method of
Under this arrangement, the contractor tion section. In addition, if a piece of equip- specification is very labor intensive.
would have to supply the water closet by ment that is assembled onsite appears to be Fortunately for specification writers, there
one of the four manufacturers listed above. complicated, etc., this is where the designer are computerized or computer assisted
With the use of a substitution option, the could put a requirement for the services of specification programs to aid in the writing of
designer may elect to allow substitutions a factory-authorized service technician to specifications. These programs do for specifi-
of a water closet by a non-listed manufac- supervise the assembly. cation writing what computer aided drafting
turer as long as it is proven to be equal to the and design (CADD) did for drafting. One of
Section 3.7 Adjusting and Cleaning
others. Many designers feel that allowing no

8  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

the first computer aids was utilizing word- continuing education programs offered by the
processing programs to write, edit, and more Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) at
importantly, store finished documents in an both the national and local level. Local chap-
electronic format. This allows documents to ter members of CSI teach local courses. Inter-
be copied instantaneously instead of spending ested parties should contact their local CSI
a lengthy time at the typewriter and/or copy chapters for more information about what is
machine. Another benefit that came with the available.
use of computers is the size of space required Plumbing designers who have at least five
to store the specifications. A specification that years of specification writing experience can
might require an entire file cabinet drawer demonstrate their proficiency and under-
of information can be reduced to one or two standing by taking the Certified Construction
floppy disks or one CD-ROM disk. Specifier (CCS) Examination that is given by
The specification programs that have CSI. Successful completion of this exam will
evolved over past years and are available earn the designer the title of Certified Con-
today have merged word processing, data struction Specifier (CCS). There is a grow-
storage, and acquisition programs into single ing number of plumbing engineers that can
powerful programs that allow specifications include “CCS” after “CPD” (Certified Plumb-
to be produced by a single person. This is a ing Designer) when citing their professional
drastic change from the past when it took credentials.
the designer(s) and several other personnel In this world of continually changing
to produce the specification. One of the best work places and corporate restructuring, the
features of the new master specification pro- plumbing designer who demonstrates the
grams is that there are periodic updates with ability to produce a clear, concise set of speci-
new sections being added and obsolete sec- fication documents is a valuable asset to the
tions being deleted. Also, in these updates, project design teams.
the reference standards that are included in
each section are updated to the latest stan-
dard. For any specifier who has spent several
hours searching these standards, this feature
is worth the price of the program.
Computer programs continue to improve at
a dizzying speed. What was cutting edge tech-
nology five years ago is now obsolete. These
programs have evolved beyond just being a
specialized word processing program to an
interactive program that contains checklists
or interactive input dialogue for the specifier
to utilize. Also, there are programs being writ-
ten and developed that will interface with the
CADD systems to produce the specifications
and even estimates.
CONCLUSION
Writing good, effective specifications requires
broad experience as a plumbing designer. In
most engineering offices, specifications are
prepared by the project engineer or team
leader. The designer must remember that the
essence of plumbing specifications is com-
munication between the persons involved
with the project. Plumbing specifiers must
develop skills to communicate the project
requirements in a clear, concise, and easy-to-
understand manner. This requires the ability
to write in a clear, precise, technical style and a
precise legal style combined into a single style.
The one thing that probably has changed
the least in specification writing is the amount
of time allotted by the project managers to
complete the specifications. The amount of
time given is never enough.
Like most plumbing engineering skills,
specification writing is “learned on the job.”
This is because university level courses in
specification writing are rare (actually almost
non-existent). Classes may be available as

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  9

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
APPENDIX A1 CSI MASTERFORMAT – LEVEL TWO SECTION TITLES – (1995
CSI UNIFORMAT – UNIFORM CLASSIFICATION – (1995 Edition) Edition)

SUBSTRUCTURE DIVISION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A10 Foundations 01100 SUMMARY OF WORK
A20 Basement Construction 01200 PRICE and PAYMENT PROCEEDURES
01300 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
SHELL
01400 QUALITY PROCEDURES
B10 Superstructure
01500 TEMPORARY FACILITIES and CONTROLS
B20 Exterior Closure
01600 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS
B30 Roofing
01700 EXECUTION REQUIREMENTS
C. INTERIORS 01800 FACILITY OPERATION
C10 Interior Construction 01900 FACILITY DECOMMISSIONING
C20 Stairways
C30 Interior Finishes DIVISION 2 SITE CONSTRUCTION
02050 BASIC SITE MATERIALS and METHODS
D. SERVICES 02100 SITE REMEDIATION
D10 Conveying Systems
02200 SITE PREPARATION
D20 Plumbing Systems
02300 EARTHWORK
D30 Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems
02400 TUNNELING, BORING, and JACKING
D40 Fire Protection Systems
02450 FOUNDATION and LOAD BEARING ELEMENTS
D50 Electrical Systems
02500 UTILITY SERVICES
E. EQUIPMENT and FURNISHINGS 02600 DRAINAGE and CONTAINMENT
E10 Equipment 02700 BASES, BALLASTS, PAVEMENTS, and
E20 Furnishings APPURTENANCES
02800 SITE IMPROVEMENTS and AMENITIES
F. OTHER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 02900 PLANTING
F10 Special Construction
02950 SITE RESTORATION and REHABILITATION
F20 Selective Demolition
BUILDING SITEWORK DIVISION 3 CONCRETE
G10 Site Preparation 03050 CONCRETE MATERIALS AND METHODS
G20 Site Improvements 03100 CONCRETE FORMS and ACCESSORIES
G30 Site Plumbing Utilities 03200 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
G40 Site Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 03300 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
Utilities 03400 PRE-CAST CONCRETE
G50 Site Electrical Utilities 03500 CEMENTITOUS DECKS and UNDERLAYMENT
G60 Other Site Construction 03600 GROUTS
03700 MASS CONCRETE
Z. GENERAL 03900 CONCRETE RESTORATION and CLEANING
Z10 General Requirements
Z20 Bidding Requirements, Contract Forms, and Conditions DIVISION 4 MASONRY
Z90 Project Cost Estimate 04050 BASIC MASONRY MATERIALS AND METHODS
APPENDIX A2 04200 MASONRY UNITS
04400 STONE
CSI MASTERFORMAT – LEVEL ONE DIVISION TITLES – (1995 04500 REFRACTORIES
Edition) 04600 CORROSION RESISTANT MASONRY
01000 DIVISION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 04700 SIMULATED MASONRY
02000 DIVISION 2 SITE CONSTRUCTION 04800 MASONRY ASSEMBLIES
03000 DIVISION 3 CONCRETE 04900 MASONRY RESTORATION AND CLEANING
04000 DIVISION 4 MASONRY
05000 DIVISION 5 METALS DIVISION 5 METALS
06000 DIVISION 6 WOOD and PLASTICS 05050 BASIC METAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
07000 DIVISION 7 THERMAL and MOISTURE PROTECTION 05100 STRUCTURAL METAL FRAMING
08000 DIVISION 8 DOORS AND WINDOWS 05200 METAL JOISTS
09000 DIVISION 9 FINISHES 05300 METAL DECK
10000 DIVISION 10 SPECIALTIES 05400 COLD FORMED METAL FRAMING
11000 DIVISION 11 EQUIPMENT 05500 METAL FABRICATIONS
12000 DIVISION 12 FURNISHINGS 05600 HYDRAULIC FABRICATIONS
13000 DIVISION 13 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION 05650 RAILROAD TRACK AND ACCESSORIES
14000 DIVISION 14 CONVEYING SYSTEMS 05700 ORNAMENTAL METAL
15000 DIVISION 15 MECHANICAL 05800 EXPANSION CONTROL
16000 DIVISION 16 ELECTRICAL 05900 METAL RESTORATION AND CLEANING
APPENDIX A3

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DIVISION 6 WOOD AND PLASTICS 10550 POSTAL SPECIALTIES
06050 BASIC WOOD AND PLASTIC MATERIALS AND 10600 PARTITIONS
METHODS 10670 STORAGE SHELVING
06100 ROUGH CARPENTRY 10700 EXTERIOR PROTECTION
06200 FINISH CARPENTRY 10750 TELEPHONE SPECIALTIES
06400 ARCHITECTURAL WOODWORK 10800 TOILET, BATH AND LAUNDRY ACCESSORIES
06500 STRUCTURAL PLASTICS 10880 SCALES
06600 PLASTIC FABRICATIONS 10900 WARDROBE AND CLOSET SPECIALTIES
06900 WOOD AND PLASTIC RESTORATION AND CLEANING
DIVISION 11 EQUIPMENT
DIVISION 7 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION 11010 MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT
07050 BASIC THERMAL & MOISTURE PROTECTION 11020 SECURITY AND VAULT EQUIPMENT
MATERIALS AND METHODS 11030 TELLER AND SERVICE EQUIPMENT
07100 DAMPPROOFING AND WATERPROOFING 11040 ECCLESIASTICAL EQUIPMENT
07200 THERMAL PROTECTION 11050 LIBRARY EQUIPMENT
07300 SHINGLES, ROOF TILES AND ROOF COVERINGS 11060 THEATER AND STAGE EQUIPMENT
07400 ROOFING AND SIDING TILES 11070 INSTRUMENTAL EQUIPMENT
07500 MEMBRANE ROOFING 11080 REGISTRATION EQUIPMENT
07600 FLASHING AND SHEET METAL 11090 CHECK ROOM EQUIPMENT
07700 ROOF SPECIALTIES AND ACCESSORIES 11100 MERCANTILE EQUIPMENT
07800 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION 11110 COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING
07900 JOINT SEALERS EQUIPMENT
11120 VENDING EQUIPMENT
DIVISION 8 DOORS AND WINDOWS 11130 AUDIO VISUAL EQUIPMENT
08050 BASIC DOORS AND WINDOWS MATERIALS AND 11140 VEHICLE SERVICE EQUIPMENT
METHODS 11150 PARKING CONTROL EQUIPMENT
08100 METAL DOORS AND FRAMES 11160 LOADING DOCK
08200 WOOD AND PLASTIC DOORS 11170 SOLID WASTE HANDLING EQUIPMENT
08300 SPECIALTY DOORS 11190 DETENTION EQUIPMENT
08400 ENTRANCES AND STORE FRONTS 11200 WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
08500 WINDOWS 11280 HYDRAULIC GATES AND VALVES
08600 SKYLIGHTS 11300 FLUID WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
08700 HARDWARE EQUIPMENT
08800 GLAZING 11400 FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT
08900 GLAZED CURTAIN WALL 11450 RESIDENTIAL EQUIPMENT
11460 UNIT KITCHENS
DIVISION 9 FINISHES 11470 DARK ROOM EQUIPMENT
09050 BASIC FINISHES MATERIALS AND METHODS 11480 ATHLETIC, RECREATIONAL AND THERAPEUTIC
09100 METAL SUPPORT ASSEMBLIES EQUIPMENT
09200 PLASTER AND GYPSUM BOARD 11500 INDUSTRIAL AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT
09300 TILE 11600 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
09400 TERRAZZO 11650 PLANETARIUM EQUIPMENT
09500 CEILINGS 11660 OBSERVATORY EQUIPMENT
09600 FLOORING 11680 OFFICE EQUIPMENT
09700 WALL FINISHES 11700 MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
09800 ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT 11780 MORTUARY EQUIPMENT
09900 PAINTS AND COATINGS 11850 NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT
11870 AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
DIVISION 10 SPECIALTIES 11900 EXHIBIT EQUIPMENT
10100 VISUAL DISPLAY BOARDS
10150 COMPARTMENTS AND CUBICLES DIVISION 12 FURNISHINGS
10200 LOUVERS AND VENTS 12050 FABRICS
10240 GRILLS AND SCREENS 12100 ART
10250 SERVICE WALLS 12300 MANUFACTURED CASEWORK
10260 WALL AND CORNER GUARDS 12400 FURNISHINGS AND ACCESSORIES
10270 ACCESS FLOORING 12500 FURNITURE
10290 PEST CONTROL 12600 MULTIPLE SEATING
10300 FIREPLACES AND STOVES 12700 SYSTEMS FURNITURE
10340 MANUFACTURED EXTERIOR SPECIALTIES 12800 INTERIOR PLANTS AND PLANTERS
10350 FLAG POLES 12900 FURNISHINGS RESTORATION AND REPAIR
10400 IDENTIFICATION DEVICES
10450 PEDESTRIAN CONTROL DEVICES DIVISION 13 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
10500 LOCKERS 13010 AIR SUPPORTED STRUCTURES
10520 FIRE PROTECTION SPECIALTIES 13020 BUILDING MODULES
10530 PROTECTIVE COVERS 13030 SPECIAL PURPOSE ROOMS

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  11

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
13080 SOUND, VIBRATION AND SEISMIC CONTROL APPENDIX A4
13090 RADIATION PROTECTION
13100 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
CSI MASTERFORMAT – LEVEL THREE SECTION TITLES – (1995
13110 CATHODIC PROTECTION Edition) (SELECTED SECTIONS)
13120 PRE-ENGINEERED STRUCTURES 13900 FIRE SUPPRESSION
13150 SWIMMING POOLS 13920 BASIC FIRE SUPPRESSION MATERIALS AND
13160 AQUARIUMS METHODS
13165 AQUATIC PARK FACILITIES 13930 WET-PIPE FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLERS
13170 TUBS AND POOLS 13935 DRY-PIPE FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLERS
13175 ICE RINKS 13940 PRE-ACTION FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLERS
13185 KENNELS AND ANIMAL SHELTERS 13945 COMBINATION DRY-PIPE AND PRE-ACTION F.S.S.
13190 SITE CONSTRUCTED INCINERATORS 13950 DELUGE FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLERS
13200 STORAGE TANKS 13955 FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHING
13220 FILTER UNDERDRAINS AND MEDIA 13960 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING
13230 DIGESTER COVERS AND APPURTENANCES 13965 ALTERNATIVE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
13240 OXYGENATION SYSTEMS 13970 DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING
13260 SLUDGE CONDITIONING SYSTEMS 13975 STANDPIPES AND HOSES
13280 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REMEDIATION 15100 BUILDING SERVICES PIPING
13400 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION 15105 PIPES AND TUBES
13500 RECORDING INSTRUMENTATION 15110 VALVES
13550 TRANSPORTATION CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION 15120 PIPING SPECIALTIES
13600 SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY EQUIPMENT\ 15130 PUMPS
13700 SECURITY ACCESS AND SURVEILLANCE 15140 DOMESTIC WATER PIPING
13800 BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL 15150 SANITARY WASTE AND VENT PIPING
13850 DETECTION AND ALARM 15160 STORM DRAINAGE PIPING
13900 FIRE SUPPRESSION 15170 SWIMMING POOL AND FOUNTAIN PIPING
15180 HEATING AND COOLING PIPING
DIVISION 14 CONVEYING SYSTEMS 15190 FUEL PIPING
14100 DUMBWAITERS
15200 PROCESS PIPING
14200 ELEVATORS
15210 PROCESS AIR AND GAS PIPING
14300 ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS
15220 PROCESS WATER AND WASTE PIPING
14400 LIFTS
15230 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PIPING
14500 MATERIAL HANDLING
14600 HOISTS AND CRANES 15400 PLUMBING FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
14700 TURNTABLES 15410 PLUMBING FIXTURES
14800 SCAFFOLDING 15440 PLUMBING PUMPS
14900 TRANSPORTATION 15450 POTABLE WATER STORAGE TANKS
15460 DOMESTIC WATER CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
DIVISION 15 MECHANICAL 15470 DOMESTIC WATER FILTRATION EQUIPMENT
15050 BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 15480 DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS
15100 BUILDING SERVICES PIPING 15490 POOL AND FOUNTAIN EQUIPMENT
15200 PROCESS PIPING
15300 FIRE PROTECTION PIPING (SEE 13900) APPENDIX A5
15400 PLUMBING FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT CSI MASTERFORMAT – LEVEL FOUR SECTION TITLES – (1995
15500 HEAT GENERATION EQUIPMENT Edition)
15600 REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT (SECTION SELECTED FROM DIVISION 15; SECTION 200)
15700 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING 15200 PROCESS PIPING
EQUIPMENT 15210 PROCESS AIR AND GAS PIPING
15800 AIR DISTRIBUTION 15211 AIR COMPRESSORS
15900 HVAC INSTRUMENTATION 15212 COMPRESSED AIR PIPING
15950 TESTING, ADJUSTING AND BALANCING 15213 GAS EQUIPMENT
15214 GAS PIPING
DIVISION 16 ELECTRICAL 15215 NITROGEN PIPING
16050 BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
15216 NITROUS OXIDE PIPING
16100 WIRING METHODS
15217 OXYGEN PIPING
16200 ELECTRICAL POWER
15218 VACUUM PUMPS
16300 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
15219 VACUUM PIPING
16400 LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
16500 LIGHTING 15220 PROCESS WATER AND WASTE PIPING
16700 COMMUNICATIONS 15221 DEIONIZED WATER PIPING
16800 SOUND AND VIDEO 15223 DISTILLED WATER PIPING
15225 LABORATORY ACID WASTE AND VENT PIPING
15227 PROCESS PIPING INTERCEPTORS
15229 REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER PIPING
15230 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PIPING

12  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

 15231 DRY PRODUCT PIPING DIVISION 13 – SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION: This division will
15232 FLUID PRODUCT PIPING remain essentially as it was under MasterFormat95 except
that special construction related to process engineering
APPENDIX B1 has been relocated to the Process Equipment Subgroup.
CSI MASTERFORMAT DIVISIONS (2004 EDITION) Security, building automation, detection and alarm as well
PROCUREMENT and CONTRACTING DOCUMENTS GROUP as fire suppression have been relocated to the Facility
DIVISION 00 – PROCUREMENT and CONTRACTING Services Subgroup.
REQUIREMENTS: This Division is essentially the same in DIVISION 14 – CONVEYING EQUIPMENT: This division has
scope as it was in MasterFormat95. been renamed with process related material Handling
SPECIFICATIONS GROUP equipment relocated to the Process Equipment Subgroup

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SUBGROUP DIVISION 15 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION: This

Division has been assigned for any future expansion and
DIVISION 01 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: The area for Division 15 has been separated and relocated to Division
performance requirements was added to allow for the 22 – Plumbing a and Division 23 – Heating, Ventilation, and
writing of performance requirements for the elements that Air Conditioning in the Facility Services Subgroup.
are found in more than one work section such as building
envelope, structure, etc. This new feature will allow for DIVISION 16 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION: This
the specifier to include a mixture of broad performance Division has been assigned for any future expansion and
specifications and descriptive specifications into the Division 16 has been separated and relocated to Division
project manual. 26 – Electrical and Division 27 – Communications in the
Facility Services Subgroup.
FACILITY CONSTRUCTION SUBGROUP
DIVISION 17 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION
DIVISION 02 – EXISTING CONDITIONS: Division 2 is now
DIVISION 18 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION
restricted to the “existing conditions” that is, construction
tasks that relate to the items at the site when the project DIVISION 19 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION
commences – selective demolition, subsurface and other
FACILITY SERVICES SUBGROUP
investigations, surveying , site decontamination and/
or remediation to mention a few. (ALL site construction DIVISION 20 – RESERVED
as well as heavy civil and infrastructure items including DIVISION 21 – FIRE SUPPRESSION: This division contains the
pavement and utilities has been relocated to the Site and Fire Suppression sections relocated from Division 13 in
Infrastructure Subgroup) MasterFormat95.
DIVISION 03 – CONCRETE: This division will remain DIVISION 22 – PLUMBING: This division contains the
essentially as it was under MasterFormat95 Plumbing sections relocated from Division 15 in
DIVISION 04 – MASONRY: This division will remain essentially MasterFormat95.
as it was under MasterFormat95 DIVISION 23 – HEATING, VENTILATION and AIR
DIVISION 05 – METALS: This division will remain essentially CONDITIONING: This division contains the Heating
as it was under MasterFormat95 Ventilation and Air Conditioning Sections from Division 15
in MasterFormat95.
DIVISION 06 – WOOD, PLASTICS and COMPOSITES:
This Division will remain essentially as it was under DIVISION 24 – RESERVED
MasterFormat95, but also will include expanded areas for DIVISION 25 – INTEGRATED AUTOMATION: This Division
plastics and other composite materials. contains the expanded integrated automation sections that
DIVISION 07 – THERMAL and MOISTURE PROTECTION: were relocated from Division 13 in MasterFormat95.
This division will remain essentially as it was Under DIVISION 26 – ELECTRICAL: This Division contains the
MasterFormat95. Electrical and Lighting sections relocated from Division 16
DIVISION 08 – OPENINGS: This section was Doors and in MasterFormat95
Windows under MasterFormat95, and remains essentially DIVISION 27 – COMMUNICATIONS: This Division contains
unchanged but was renamed to with the addition of other the expanded Communications sections relocated from
openings such as louvers and grilles Division 16 in MasterFormat95
DIVISION 09 – FINISHES: This division will remain essentially DIVISION 28 – ELECTRONIC SAFETY and SECURITY:
as it was under MasterFormat95 This Division contains the expanded Electronic Safety
DIVISION 10 – SPECIALTIES: This division will remain and Security sections relocated from Division 13 in
essentially as it was under MasterFormat95 MasterFormat95
DIVISION 11 – EQUIPMENT: This Division will remain as is DIVISION 29 – RESERVED
with the exception of that equipment related to process SITE and INFRASTRUCTURE SUBGROUP
engineering has been relocated to the Process Equipment
Subgroup and that equipment related to Infrastructure has DIVISION 30 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION
been relocated to the Site and Infrastructure subgroup. DIVISION 31 – EARTHWORK: Site Construction sections,
DIVISION 12 – FURNISHINGS: This division will remain predominately below grade, that have been relocated from
essentially as it was under MasterFormat95 Division 02 in MasterFormat95.

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  13

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
DIVISION 32 – EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS: Site Construction MASTERFORMAT 2004
sections, predominately above grade, that have been
relocated from Division 02 in MasterFormat95
FACILITY CONSTRUCTION SUBGROUP

DIVISION 33 – UTILITIES: Utility sections with expansions that DIVISION 21 – FIRE SUPPRESSION
have been relocated from Division 02 in MasterFormat95. 21 00 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION
DIVISION 34 – TRANSPORTATION: Transportation sections 21 01 00 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of FIRE
with expansions relocated from the various divisions in SUPPRESSION
MasterFormat95 21 02 00 – RESERVED
DIVISION 35 – WATERWAY and MARINE: Expanded waterway 21 03 00 – RESERVED
and other marine section from Division 02 and other 21 04 00 – RESERVED
divisions in MasterFormat95. 21 05 00 – COMMON WORK RESULTS for FIRE SUPPRESSION
21 06 00 – SCHEDULES for FIRE SUPPRESSION
DIVISION 36 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION 21 07 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS INSULATION
DIVISION 37 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION 21 08 00 – COMMISIONING of FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
21 09 00 – INSTRUMENTATION and CONTROL for FIRE
DIVISION 38 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION
SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
DIVISION 39 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION 21 10 00 – WATER BASED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
PROCESS EQUIPMENT SUBGROUP 21 11 00 – FACILITY FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER SERVICE
PIPING
DIVISION 40 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION
21 12 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION STANDPIPES
DIVISION 41 – MATERIAL PROCESSING and HANDLING 21 13 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
EQUIPMENT: Equipment for the processing and 21 14 00 – RESERVED
conditioning of raw materials; material handling 21 15 00 – RESERVED
equipment for bulk materials as well as discrete units; 21 16 00 – RESERVED
manufacturing equipment and machinery; test equipment 21 17 00 – RESERVED
and packaging/ shipping systems. 21 18 00 – RESERVED
DIVISION 42 – PROCESSING HEATING, COOLING and DRYING 21 19 00 – RESERVED
EQUIPMENT: Equipment for process heating, cooling and 21 20 00 – FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
drying of materials, liquids, gases, and manufactured 21 21 00 – CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
items and/or materials. 21 22 00 – CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
DIVISION 43 – PROCESS GAS and LIQUID HANDLING, 21 23 00 – WET CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
PURIFICATION and STORAGE EQUIPMENT: Equipment 21 24 00 – DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
for handling purification and storage of process liquids, 21 25 00 – RESERVED
gases, and slurries including atmospheric tanks as well as 21 26 00 – RESERVED
pressure vessels. 21 27 00 – RESERVED
21 28 00 – RESERVED
DIVISION 44 – POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT: 21 29 00 – RESERVED
Equipment for controlling emission of contaminants from
21 30 00 – FIRE PUMPS
manufacturing processes and treatment of air, soil, and
water contaminants. 21 31 00 – CENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMPS
21 32 00 – VERTICAL TURBINE FIRE PUMPS
DIVISION 45 – INDUSTRY SPECIFIC MANUFACTURING 21 33 00 – POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FIRE PUMPS
EQUIPMENT: A division in which the owners can specify 21 34 00 – RESERVED
equipment that is used ONLY within a single industry. 21 35 00 – RESERVED
(All industries currently identified in the North American 21 36 00 – RESERVED
Industry Classification System, NAICS, are allocated space 21 37 00 – RESERVED
within this division). 21 38 00 – RESERVED
DIVISION 46 – SOLID WASTE EQUIPMENT: Not defined at this 21 39 00 – RESERVED
time 21 40 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER STORAGE
DIVISION 47 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION 21 41 00 – STORAGE TANKS for FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER
21 42 00 – RESERVED
DIVISION 48 – ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION: Plants
21 43 00 – RESERVED
and equipment for the generation and control of electrical
21 44 00 – RESERVED
power from fossil fuel, nuclear energy, hydroelectric, wind,
21 45 00 – RESERVED
solar energy, geothermal energy, electrochemical energy
21 46 00 – RESERVED
and fuel cells.
21 47 00 – RESERVED
DIVISION 49 – RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION 21 48 00 – RESERVED
21 49 00 – RESERVED
APPENDIX B2
21 50 00 – RESERVED
21 60 00 – RESERVED
21 70 00 – RESERVED
21 80 00 – RESERVED

14  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

 21 90 00 – RESERVED 21 12 26 – FIRE SUPPRESSION VALVE and HOSE CABINETS
21 13 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
APPENDIX B3
21 13 13 – WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
MASTERFORMAT 2004 21 13 16 – DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
FACILITY CONSTRUCTION SUBGROUP 21 13 19 – PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
21 13 23 – COMBINED DRY and PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER
DIVISION 21 – FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
21 13 26 – DELUGE FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLER
21 00 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
21 01 00 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of FIRE 21 13 29 – WATER SPRAY FIXED SYSTEMS
SUPPRESSION 21 13 36 – ANTIFREEZE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
21 01 10 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE OF WATER 21 13 39 – FOAM-WATER SYSTEMS
BASED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS 21 14 00 – RESERVED
21 01 20 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of FIRE
21 15 00 – RESERVED
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
21 01 30 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of FIRE 21 16 00 – RESERVED
SUPPRESSION EQUIPMENT 21 17 00 – RESERVED
21 02 00 – RESERVED
21 18 00 – RESERVED
21 03 00 – RESERVED
21 19 00 – RESERVED
21 04 00 – RESERVED
21 20 00 – FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
21 05 00 – COMMON WORK RESULTS for FIRE
21 21 00 – CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING
SUPPRESSION
SYSTEMS
21 05 13 – COMMON MOTOR REQUIREMENTS for FIRE
21 21 13 – CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING PIPING
SUPPRESSION EQUIPMENT
21 21 16 – CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING
21 05 16 – EXPANSION FITTINGS and LOOPS for FIRE
EQUIPMENT
SUPPRESSION PIPING
21 05 19 – METERS and GAGES for FIRE SUPPRESSION 21 22 00 – CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS 21 22 13 – CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHING PIPING
21 05 23 – GENERAL DUTY VALVES for WATER BASED FIRE 21 22 16 – CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
SUPPRESSION PIPING 21 23 00 – WET CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
21 05 29 – HANGERS and SUPPORTS for FIRE SUPPRESSION 21 23 13 – WET CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING PIPING
PIPING and EQUIPMENT 21 23 16 – WET CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING
21 05 33 – HEAT TRACING FOR FIRE SUPPRESSION PIPING EQUIPMENT
21 05 48 – VIBRATION and SEISMIC CONTROLS for FIRE
21 24 00 – DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
SUPPRESSION PIPING and EQUIPMENT
21 05 53 – IDENTIFICATION for FIRE SUPPRESSION PIPING 21 24 13 – DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING PIPING
and EQUIPMENT 21 24 16 – DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
21 06 00 – SCHEDULES for FIRE SUPPRESSION 21 25 00 – RESERVED
21 06 10 – SCHEDULES for WATER BASED FIRE 21 26 00 – RESERVED
SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS 21 27 00 – RESERVED
21 06 20 – SCHEDULES for FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
21 06 30 – SCHEDULES for FIRE SUPPRESSION EQUIPMENT 21 28 00 – RESERVED
21 07 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS INSULATION 21 29 00 – RESERVED
21 07 10 – FIRE SUPPRESSION EQUIPMENT INSULATION
21 30 00 – FIRE PUMPS
21 07 20 – FIRE SUPPRESSION PIPING INSULATION
21 08 00 – COMMISIONING of FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS 21 31 00 – CENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMPS
21 31 13 – ELECTRIC DRIVE, CENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMPS
21 09 00 – INSTRUMENTATION and CONTROL for FIRE
21 31 16 – DIESEL DRIVE, CENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMPS
SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
21 32 00 – VERTICAL TURBINE FIRE PUMPS
21 10 00 – WATER BASED FIRE SUPPRESSION 21 32 13 – ELECTRIC DRIVE, VERTICAL TURBINE FIRE PUMPS
SYSTEMS 21 32 16 – DIESEL DRIVE, VERTICAL TURBINE FIRE PUMPS
21 11 00 – FACILITY FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER SERVICE 21 33 00 – POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FIRE PUMPS
PIPING 21 33 10 – ELECTRIC DRIVE, POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FIRE
21 11 16 – FACILITY FIRE HYDRANTS PUMPS
21 11 19 – FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS 21 33 16 – DIESEL DRIVE, POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT FIRE
PUMPS
21 12 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION STANDPIPES
21 34 00 – RESERVED
21 12 13 – FIRE SUPPRESSION HOSES and NOZZLES
21 12 16 – FIRE SUPPRESSION HOSE REELS 21 35 00 – RESERVED
21 12 19 – FIRE SUPPRESSION HOSE RACKS 21 36 00 – RESERVED
21 12 23 – FIRE SUPPRESSION HOSE VALVES

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  15

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
21 37 00 – RESERVED 22 05 00 – COMMON WORK RESULTS for PLUMBING
21 38 00 – RESERVED 22 05 13 – COMMON MOTOR REQUIREMENTS for PLUMBING
EQUIPMENT
21 39 00 – RESERVED 22 05 16 – EXPANSION FITTINGS and LOOPS for PLUMBING
21 40 00 – FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER PIPING
22 05 19 – METERS and GAGES for PLUMBING PIPING
STORAGE 22 05 23 – GENERAL DUTY VALVES for PLUMBING PIPING
21 41 10 – STORAGE TANKS for FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER 22 05 29 – HANGERS and SUPPORTS for PLUMBING PIPING
21 41 13 – PRESSURIZED STORAGE TANKS for FIRE and EQUIPMENT
SUPPRESSION WATER 22 05 33 – HEAT TRACING for PLUMBING PIPING
21 41 16 – ELEVATED STORAGE TANKS for FIRE 22 05 48 – VIBRATION and SEISMIC CONTROLS for
SUPPRESSION WATER PLUMBING PIPING and EQUIPMENT
21 41 19 – ROOF MOUNTED STORAGE TANKS for FIRE 22 05 53 – IDENTIFICATION for PLUMBING PIPING and
SUPPRESSION WATER EQUIPMENT
21 41 23 – GROUND SUCTION STORAGE TANKS for FIRE 22 05 73 – FACILITY DRAINAGE MANHOLES
SUPPRESSION WATER 22 05 76 – FACILITY DRAINAGE CLEANOUTS
21 41 26 – UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS for FIRE 22 06 00 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING
SUPPRESSION WATER 22 06 10 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING PIPING and PUMPS
21 41 29 – STORAGE TANKS for FIRE SUPPRESSION WATER 22 06 12 – SCHEDULES for FACILITY POTABLE WATER
ADDITIVES STORAGE
21 42 00 – RESERVED 22 06 15 – SCHEDULES for GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED
21 43 00 – RESERVED AIR EQUIPMENT
22 06 30 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
21 44 00 – RESERVED 22 06 40 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING FIXTURES
21 45 00 – RESERVED 22 06 50 – SCHEDULES for POOL and FOUNTAIN PLUMBING
SYSTEMS
21 46 00 – RESERVED 22 06 60 – SCHEDULES for LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE
21 47 00 – RESERVED SYSTEMS
21 48 00 – RESERVED 22 07 00 – PLUMBING INSULATION
22 07 16 – PLUMBING EQUIPMENT INSULATION
21 49 00 – RESERVED
22 07 19 – PLUMBING PIPING INSULATION
21 50 00 – RESERVED 22 08 00 – COMMISSIONING of PLUMBING
21 60 00 – RESERVED 22 09 00 – INSTRUMENTATION and CONTROL of PLUMBING
21 70 00 – RESERVED
22 10 00 – PLUMBING PIPING and PUMPS
21 80 00 – RESERVED
22 11 00 – FACILITY WATER DISTRIBUTION
21 90 00 – RESERVED
22 11 13 – FACILITY WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING
APPENDIX B4 22 11 16 – DOMESTIC WATER PIPING
22 11 19 – DOMESTIC WATER PIPING SPECIALTIES
MASTERFORMAT 2004 22 11 23 – DOMESTIC WATER PUMPS
FACILITY CONSTRUCTION SUBGROUP 22 12 00 – FACILITY POTABLE WATER STORAGE TANKS
22 00 00 – PLUMBING 22 12 13 – FACILITY ROOF MOUNTED, POTABLE WATER
STORAGE TANKS
22 01 00 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING 22 12 16 – FACILITY ELEVATED, POTABLE WATER STORAGE
22 01 10 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING TANKS
PIPING and PUMPS 22 12 19 – FACILITY GROUND MOUNTED, POTABLE WATER
22 01 20 – RESERVED STORAGE TANKS
22 01 30 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING 22 12 23 – FACILITY INDOOR POTABLE WATER STORAGE
EQUIPMENT TANKS
22 01 40 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING 22 13 00 – FACILITY SANITARY SEWERAGE
FIXTURES 22 13 13 – FACILITY SANITARY SEWERS
22 01 50 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of POOL and 22 13 16 – SANITARY WASTE and VENT PIPING
FOUNTAIN PLUMBING SYSTEMS 22 13 19 – SANITARY WASTE PIPING SPECIALTIES
22 01 60 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of LABORATORY 22 13 23 – SANITARY WASTE INTERCEPTORS
and HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS 22 13 26 – SANITARY WASTE SEPARATORS
22 01 70 – RESERVED 22 13 29 – SANITARY SEWERAGE PUMPS
22 01 80 – RESERVED 22 13 33 – PACKAGED, SUBMERSIBLE SEWERAGE PUMP
22 01 90 – RESERVED UNITS
22 02 00 – RESERVED 22 13 36 – PACKAGED, WASTEWATER PUMP UNITS
22 03 00 – RESERVED 22 13 43 – FACILITY PACKAGED SEWAGE PUMPING
STATIONS
22 04 00 – RESERVED 22 13 53 – FACILITY SEPTIC TANKS

16  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

 22 14 00 – FACILITY STORM DRAINAGE 22 35 43 – DOMESTIC WATER HEAT RECLAIMERS
22 14 13 – FACILITY STORM DRAINAGE PIPING 22 36 00 – RESERVED
22 14 16 – RAINWATER LEADERS 22 37 00 – RESERVED
22 14 19 – SUMP PUMP DISCHARGE PIPING
22 14 23 – STORM DRAINAGE PIPING SPECIALTIES 22 38 00 – RESERVED
22 14 26 – FACILITY STORM DRAINS 22 39 00 – RESERVED
22 14 29 – SUMP PUMPS
22 14 33 – PACKAGED, PEDESTAL, DRAINAGE PUMP UNITS 22 40 00 – PLUMBING FIXTURES
22 14 36 – PACKAGED, SUBMERSIBLE, DRAINAGE PUMP 22 41 00 – RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING FIXTURES
UNITS
22 41 13 – RESIDENTIAL WATER CLOSETS, URINALS and
22 15 00 – GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS BIDETS
22 15 13 – GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED AIR PIPING 22 41 16 – RESIDENTIAL LAVATORIES and SINKS
22 15 16 – GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED AIR VALVES 22 41 19 – RESIDENTIAL BATHTUBS
22 15 19 – GENERAL SERVICE PACKAGED AIR 22 41 23 – RESIDENTIAL SHOWER RECEPTORS and BASINS
COMPRESSORS and RECEIVERS 22 41 26 – RESIDENTIAL DISPOSERS
22 16 00 – RESERVED 22 41 36 – RESIDENTIAL LAUNDRY TRAYS
22 41 39 – RESIDENTIAL FAUCETS, SUPPLIES and TRIM
22 17 00 – RESERVED
22 42 00 – COMMERCIAL PLUMBING FIXTURES
22 18 00 – RESERVED
22 42 13 – COMMERCIAL WATER CLOSETS, URINALS and
22 19 00 – RESERVED BIDETS
22 42 16 – COMMERCIAL LAVATORIES and SINKS
22 20 00 – RESERVED 22 42 19 – COMMERCIAL BATHTUBS
22 30 00 – PLUMBING EQUIPMENT 22 42 23 – COMMERCIAL SHOWER RECEPTORS and BASINS
22 42 26 – COMMERCIAL DISPOSERS
22 31 00 – DOMESTIC WATER SOFTENERS 22 42 29 – SHAMPOO BOWLS
22 31 13 – RESIDENTIAL DOMESTIC WATER SOFTENERS 22 42 33 – WASH FOUNTAINS
22 31 16 – COMMERCIAL DOMESTIC WATER SOFTENERS 22 42 36 – COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY TRAYS
22 32 00 – DOMESTIC WATER FILTRATION EQUIPMENT 22 42 39 – COMMERCIAL FAUCETS, SUPPLIES and TRIM
22 32 13 – DOMESTIC WATER BAG TYPE FILTERS 22 42 43 – FLUSHOMETERS
22 32 16 – DOMESTIC WATER FREE STANDING CARTRIDGE 22 43 00 – HEALTHCARE PLUMBING FIXTURES
FILTERS 22 43 13 – HEALTHCARE WATER CLOSETS
22 32 19 – DOMESTIC WATER OFF FLOOR CARTRIDGE 22 43 16 – HEALTHCARE SINKS
FILTERS 22 43 19 – HEALTHCARE BATHTUBS and SHOWERS
22 32 23 – DOMESTIC WATER CARBON FILTERS 22 43 23 – HEALTHCARE SHOWER RECEPTORS and BASINS
22 32 26 – DOMESTIC WATER SAND FILTERS 22 43 26 – HEALTHCARE FAUCETS
22 33 00 – ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS 22 43 43 – HEALTHCARE PLUMBING FIXTURE
22 33 13 – INSTANTANEOUS ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER FLUSHOMETERS
HEATERS 22 44 00 – RESERVED
22 33 30 – RESIDENTIAL, ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER 22 45 00 – EMERGENCY PLUMBING FIXTURES
HEATERS
22 45 13 – EMERGENCY SHOWERS
22 33 33 – LIGHT COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER
22 45 16 – EYEWASH EQUIPMENT
HEATERS
22 45 19 – SELF CONTAINED EYEWASH EQUIPMENT
22 33 36 – COMMERCIAL DOMESTIC WATER ELECTRIC
22 45 23 – PERSONAL EYEWASH EQUIPMENT
BOOSTER HEATERS
22 45 26 – EYE/ FACE WASH EQUIPMENT
22 34 00 – FUEL FIRED DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS 22 45 29 – HAND HELD EMERGENCY DRENCH HOSES
22 34 13 – INSTANTANEOUS, TANKLESS, GAS DOMESTIC 22 45 33 – COMBINATION EMERGENCY FIXTURE UNITS
WATER HEATERS 22 45 36 – EMERGENCY FIXTURE WATER TEMPERING UNITS
22 34 30 – RESIDENTIAL GAS DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS 22 46 00 – SECURITY PLUMBING FIXTURES
22 34 36 – COMMERCIAL GAS DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS
22 46 13 – SECURITY WATER CLOSETS and URINALS
22 34 46 – OIL FIRED DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS
22 46 16 – SECURITY LAVATORIES and SINKS
22 34 56 – DUAL FUEL FIRED DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS
22 46 39 – SECURITY FAUCETS, SUPPLIES and TRIM
22 35 00 – DOMESTIC WATER HEAT EXCHANGERS 22 46 43 – SECURITY PLUMBING FIXTURE FLUSHOMETERS
22 35 13 – INSTANTANEOUS DOMESTIC WATER HEAT 22 46 53 – SECURITY PLUMBING FIXTURE SUPPORTS
EXCHANGERS 22 47 00 – DRINKING FOUNTAINS and WATER COOLERS
22 35 23 – CIRCULATING DOMESTIC WATER HEAT
22 47 13 – DRINKING FOUNTAINS
EXCHANGERS
22 47 16 – PRESSURE WATER COOLERS
22 35 29 – NON-CIRCULATING DOMESTIC WATER HEAT
22 47 19 – WATER STATION WATER COOLERS
EXCHANGERS
22 47 23 – REMOTE WATER COOLERS
22 35 36 – DOMESTIC WATER BRAZED PLATE HEAT
EXCHANGERS 22 48 00 – RESERVED
22 35 39 – DOMESTIC WATER PLATE and FRAME HEAT 22 49 00 – RESERVED
EXCHANGERS

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  17

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
22 50 00 – POOL and FOUNTAIN PLUMBING 22 68 00 – RESERVED
SYSTEMS 22 69 00 – RESERVED
22 51 00 – SWIMMING POOL PLUMBING SYSTEMS 22 70 00 – RESERVED
22 51 13 – SWIMMING POOL PIPING 22 80 00 – RESERVED
22 51 16 – SWIMMING POOL PUMPS
22 90 00 – RESERVED
22 51 19 – SWIMMING POOL WATER TREATMENT
EQUIPMENT APPENDIX B5
22 51 23 – SWIMMING POOL EQUIPMENT CONTROLS
22 52 00 – FOUNTAIN PLUMBING SYSTEMS
MASTERFORMAT 2004
22 52 13 – FOUNTAIN PIPING FACILITY CONSTRUCTION SUBGROUP
22 52 16 – FOUNTAIN PUMPS 22 00 00 – PLUMBING
22 52 19 – FOUNTAIN WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
22 52 23 – FOUNTAIN EQUIPMENT CONTROLS 22 01 00 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING
22 53 00 – RESERVED 22 01 10 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING
PIPING and PUMPS
22 54 00 – RESERVED 22 01 20 – RESERVED
22 55 00 – RESERVED 22 01 30 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING
EQUIPMENT
22 56 00 – RESERVED
22 01 40 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of PLUMBING
22 57 00 – RESERVED FIXTURES
22 58 00 – RESERVED 22 01 50 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of POOL and
FOUNTAIN PLUMBING SYSTEMS
22 59 00 – RESERVED 22 01 60 – OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of LABORATORY
22 60 00 – GAS and VACUUM SYSTEMS for and HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
22 01 70 – RESERVED
LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 01 80 – RESERVED
22 61 00 – COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS for LABORATORY 22 01 90 – RESERVED
and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 02 00 – RESERVED
22 61 13 – COMPRESSED AIR PIPING for LABORATORY and
22 03 00 – RESERVED
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
22 61 19 – COMPRESSED AIR EQUIPMENT for LABORATORY 22 04 00 – RESERVED
and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 05 00 – COMMON WORK RESULTS for PLUMBING
22 62 00 – VACUUM SYSTEMS for LABORATORY and 22 05 13 – COMMON MOTOR REQUIREMENTS for PLUMBING
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES EQUIPMENT
22 62 13 – VACUUM PIPING for LABORATORY and 22 05 16 – EXPANSION FITTINGS and LOOPS for PLUMBING
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES PIPING
22 62 19 – VACUUM EQUIPMENT for LABORATORY and 22 05 19 – METERS and GAGES for PLUMBING PIPING
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 05 23 – GENERAL DUTY VALVES for PLUMBING PIPING
22 62 23 – WASTE ANESTHESIA GAS PIPING 22 05 29 – HANGERS and SUPPORTS for PLUMBING PIPING
22 63 00 – GAS SYSTEMS for LABORATORY and and EQUIPMENT
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 05 33 – HEAT TRACING for PLUMBING PIPING
22 63 13 – GAS PIPING for LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE 22 05 48 – VIBRATION and SEISMIC CONTROLS for
FACILITIES PLUMBING PIPING and EQUIPMENT
22 63 19 – GAS STORAGE TANKS for LABORATORY and 22 05 53 – IDENTIFICATION for PLUMBING PIPING and
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES EQUIPMENT
22 05 73 – FACILITY DRAINAGE MANHOLES
22 64 00 – RESERVED
22 05 76 – FACILITY DRAINAGE CLEANOUTS
22 65 00 – RESERVED 22 06 00 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING
22 66 00 – CHEMICAL WASTE SYSTEMS for LABORATORY 22 06 10 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING PIPING and PUMPS
and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 06 10 13 – Plumbing Pump Schedule
22 66 53 – LABORATORY CHEMICAL WASTE and VENT 22 06 12 – SCHEDULES for FACILITY POTABLE WATER
PIPING STORAGE
22 66 70 – HEALTH CARE CHEMICAL WASTE and VENT 22 06 15 – SCHEDULES for GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED
PIPING AIR EQUIPMENT
22 66 83 – CHEMICAL WASTE TANKS 22 06 30 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
22 67 00 – PROCESSED WATER SYSTEMS for LABORATORY 22 06 30 13 – Domestic Water Heater Schedule
and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 06 40 – SCHEDULES for PLUMBING FIXTURES
22 06 40 13 – Plumbing Fixture Schedule
22 67 13 – PROCESSED WATER PIPING for LABORATORY and
22 06 50 – SCHEDULES for POOL and FOUNTAIN PLUMBING
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
SYSTEMS
22 67 19 – PROCESSED WATER EQUIPMENT for
22 06 60 – SCHEDULES for LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE
LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
SYSTEMS

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 22 07 00 – PLUMBING INSULATION 22 13 43 16 – Facility Wet Well Packaged Sewage Pumping
22 07 16 – PLUMBING EQUIPMENT INSULATION Stations
22 07 19 – PLUMBING PIPING INSULATION 22 13 53 – FACILITY SEPTIC TANKS
22 08 00 – COMMISSIONING of PLUMBING 22 14 00 – FACILITY STORM DRAINAGE
22 14 13 – FACILITY STORM DRAINAGE PIPING
22 09 00 – INSTRUMENTATION and CONTROL of PLUMBING
22 14 16 – RAINWATER LEADERS
22 10 00 – PLUMBING PIPING and PUMPS 22 14 19 – SUMP PUMP DISCHARGE PIPING
22 14 23 – STORM DRAINAGE PIPING SPECIALTIES
22 11 00 – FACILITY WATER DISTRIBUTION
22 14 23.23 – Fats, Oils, and Grease Disposal Systems
22 11 13 – FACILITY WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING 22 14 23.26 – Grease Removal Devices
22 11 16 – DOMESTIC WATER PIPING 22 14 23.33 – Backwater Valves
22 11 19 – DOMESTIC WATER PIPING SPECIALTIES 22 14 23.36 – Air Admittance Valves
22 11 23 – DOMESTIC WATER PUMPS 22 14 26 – FACILITY STORM DRAINS 22 14 26.13 – Roof
22 11 23 13 – Domestic Water Packaged Booster Pumps Drains 22 14 26.16 – Facility Area Drains 22 14 26.19 –
22 11 23 23 – Close Coupled, In-Line, Seal-Less Centrifugal Facility Trench Drains
Domestic Water Pumps 22 14 29 – SUMP PUMPS
22 11 23 26 – Close Coupled, Horizontally Mounted, In-Line, 22 14 29.13 – Wet Pit Mounted, Vertical Sump Pumps
Centrifugal Domestic Water Pumps 22 14 29.16 – Submersible Sump Pumps
22 11 23 29 – Close Coupled, Vertically Mounted, In-Line, 22 14 29.19 – Sump Pump Basins and Pits
Centrifugal Domestic Water Pumps 22 14 33 – PACKAGED, PEDESTAL, DRAINAGE PUMP UNITS
22 11 23 33 – Separately Coupled, In-Line, Centrifugal 22 14 36 – PACKAGED, SUBMERSIBLE, DRAINAGE PUMP
Domestic Water Pumps UNITS
22 11 23 36 – Separately Coupled, Horizontally Mounted,
22 15 00 – GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS
In-Line, Centrifugal Domestic Water Pumps
22 15 13 – GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED AIR PIPING
22 12 00 – FACILITY POTABLE WATER STORAGE TANKS
22 15 16 – GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED AIR VALVES
22 12 13 – FACILITY ROOF MOUNTED, POTABLE WATER 22 15 19 – GENERAL SERVICE PACKAGED AIR
STORAGE TANKS COMPRESSORS and RECEIVERS
22 12 16 – FACILITY ELEVATED, POTABLE WATER STORAGE 22 15 19.13 – General Service Packaged Reciprocating Air
TANKS Compressors
22 12 19 – FACILITY GROUND MOUNTED, POTABLE WATER 22 15 19.16 – General Service Packaged Liquid Ring Air
STORAGE TANKS Compressors
22 12 23 – FACILITY INDOOR POTABLE WATER STORAGE 22 15 19.19 – General Service Packaged Rotary Screw Air
TANKS Compressors
22 12 23 13 – Facility Steel, Indoor Potable Water Storage, 22 15 19.23 – General Service Packaged Sliding Vane Air
Pressure Tanks Compressors
22 12 23 16 – Facility Steel, Indoor Potable Water Storage,
22 16 00 – RESERVED
Non-Pressure Tanks
22 12 23 23 – Facility Plastic, Indoor Potable Water Storage, 22 17 00 – RESERVED
Pressure Tanks 22 18 00 – RESERVED
22 12 23 26 – Facility Plastic, Indoor Potable Water Storage,
Non-Pressure Tanks 22 19 00 – RESERVED
22 13 00 – FACILITY SANITARY SEWERAGE 22 20 00 – RESERVED
22 13 13 – FACILITY SANITARY SEWERS
22 13 16 – SANITARY WASTE and VENT PIPING 22 30 00 – PLUMBING EQUIPMENT
22 13 19 – SANITARY WASTE PIPING SPECIALTIES 22 31 00 – DOMESTIC WATER SOFTENERS
22 13 19 13 – Sanitary Drains 22 31 13 – RESIDENTIAL DOMESTIC WATER SOFTENERS
22 13 19 23 – Fats, Oils, and Grease Disposal Systems 22 31 16 – COMMERCIAL DOMESTIC WATER SOFTENERS
22 13 19 26 – Grease Removal Devices
22 32 00 – DOMESTIC WATER FILTRATION EQUIPMENT
22 13 19 33 – Backwater Valves
22 13 19 36 – Air Admittance Valves 22 32 13 – DOMESTIC WATER BAG TYPE FILTERS
22 13 23 – SANITARY WASTE INTERCEPTORS 22 32 16 – DOMESTIC WATER FREE STANDING CARTRIDGE
22 13 26 – SANITARY WASTE SEPARATORS FILTERS
22 13 29 – SANITARY SEWERAGE PUMPS 22 32 19 – DOMESTIC WATER OFF FLOOR CARTRIDGE
22 13 29 13 – Wet Pit Mounted, Vertical Sewerage Pumps FILTERS
22 13 29 16 – Submersible Sewerage Pumps 22 32 23 – DOMESTIC WATER CARBON FILTERS
22 13 29 23 – Sewerage Pump Reverse Flow Assemblies 22 32 26 – DOMESTIC WATER SAND FILTERS
22 13 29 33 – Sewerage Pump Basins and Pits 22 32 26.13 – Domestic Water Circulating Sand Filters
22 13 33 – PACKAGED, SUBMERSIBLE SEWERAGE PUMP 22 32 26.16 – Domestic Water Multimedia Sand Filters
UNITS 22 32 26 19 – Domestic Water Greensand Filters
22 13 36 – PACKAGED, WASTEWATER PUMP UNITS 22 33 00 – ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS
22 13 43 – FACILITY PACKAGED SEWAGE PUMPING 22 33 13 – INSTANTANEOUS ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER
STATIONS HEATERS
22 13 43 13 – Facility Dry Well Packaged Sewage Pumping
Stations

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  19

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
22 33 13.13 – Flow Control, Instantaneous Electric Domestic 22 35 29 – NON-CIRCULATING DOMESTIC WATER HEAT
Water Heaters EXCHANGERS
22 33 13.16 – Thermostat Controlled, Instantaneous Electric 22 35 29.13 – Non-Circulating, Compact Domestic Water Heat
Domestic Water Heaters Exchangers
22 33 30 – RESIDENTIAL, ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER 22 35 29.16 – Non-Circulating, Storage Domestic Water Heat
HEATERS Exchangers
22 33 30.13 – Residential, Small Capacity Electric Domestic 22 35 36 – DOMESTIC WATER BRAZED PLATE HEAT
Water Heaters EXCHANGERS
22 33 30.16 – Residential, Storage Electric Domestic Water 22 35 39 – DOMESTIC WATER PLATE and FRAME HEAT
Heaters EXCHANGERS
22 33 30.23 – Residential, Collector to Tank, Solar – Electric 22 35 43 – DOMESTIC WATER HEAT RECLAIMERS
Domestic Water Heaters 22 36 00 – RESERVED
22 33 30.26 – Residential, Collector to Tank, Heat Exchanger
Coil, Solar-Electric Domestic Water Heaters 22 37 00 – RESERVED
22 33 33 – LIGHT COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC DOMESTIC WATER 22 38 00 – RESERVED
HEATERS
22 39 00 – RESERVED
22 33 36 – COMMERCIAL DOMESTIC WATER ELECTRIC
BOOSTER HEATERS 22 40 00 – PLUMBING FIXTURES
22 33 36.13 – Commercial Domestic Water Electric Booster
22 41 00 – RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING FIXTURES
Heaters
22 33 36.16 – Commercial Storage Electric Domestic Water 22 41 13 – RESIDENTIAL WATER CLOSETS, URINALS and
Heaters BIDETS
22 41 16 – RESIDENTIAL LAVATORIES and SINKS
22 34 00 – FUEL FIRED DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS
22 41 19 – RESIDENTIAL BATHTUBS
22 34 13 – INSTANTANEOUS, TANKLESS, GAS DOMESTIC 22 41 23 – RESIDENTIAL SHOWER RECEPTORS and BASINS
WATER HEATERS 22 41 26 – RESIDENTIAL DISPOSERS
22 34 30 – RESIDENTIAL GAS DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS 22 41 36 – RESIDENTIAL LAUNDRY TRAYS
22 34 30.13 – Residential, Atmospheric, Gas Domestic Water 22 41 39 – RESIDENTIAL FAUCETS, SUPPLIES and TRIM
Heaters
22 42 00 – COMMERCIAL PLUMBING FIXTURES
22 34 30.16 – Residential, Direct Vent, Gas Domestic Water
Heaters 22 42 13 – COMMERCIAL WATER CLOSETS, URINALS and
22 34 30.19 – Residential, Power Vent, Gas Domestic Water BIDETS
Heaters 22 42 16 – COMMERCIAL LAVATORIES and SINKS
22 34 36 – COMMERCIAL GAS DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS 22 42 19 – COMMERCIAL BATHTUBS
22 34 36.13 – Commercial, Atmospheric, Gas Domestic Water 22 42 23 – COMMERCIAL SHOWER RECEPTORS and BASINS
Heaters 22 42 26 – COMMERCIAL DISPOSERS
22 34 36.16 – Commercial, Power Burner, Gas Domestic Water 22 42 29 – SHAMPOO BOWLS
Heaters 22 42 33 – WASH FOUNTAINS
22 34 36.19 – Commercial, Power Vent, Gas Domestic Water 22 42 36 – COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY TRAYS
Heaters 22 42 39 – COMMERCIAL FAUCETS, SUPPLIES and TRIM
22 34 36.23 – Commercial, High Efficiency, Gas Domestic 22 42 43 – FLUSHOMETERS
Water Heaters 22 43 00 – HEALTHCARE PLUMBING FIXTURES
22 34 36.26 – Commercial, Coil Type, Finned Tube, Gas 22 43 13 – HEALTHCARE WATER CLOSETS
Domestic Water Heaters 22 43 16 – HEALTHCARE SINKS
22 34 36.29 – Commercial, Grid Type, Finned Tube, Gas 22 43 19 – HEALTHCARE BATHTUBS and SHOWERS
Domestic Water Heaters 22 43 23 – HEALTHCARE SHOWER RECEPTORS and BASINS
22 34 46 – OIL FIRED DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS 22 43 26 – HEALTHCARE FAUCETS
22 34 46.13 – Large Capacity, Oil Fired Domestic Water Heaters 22 43 43 – HEALTHCARE PLUMBING FIXTURE
22 34 56 – DUAL FUEL FIRED DOMESTIC WATER HEATERS FLUSHOMETERS
22 35 00 – DOMESTIC WATER HEAT EXCHANGERS 22 44 00 – RESERVED
22 35 13 – INSTANTANEOUS DOMESTIC WATER HEAT 22 45 00 – EMERGENCY PLUMBING FIXTURES
EXCHANGERS
22 45 13 – EMERGENCY SHOWERS
22 35 13.13 – Heating Fluid in Coil, Instantaneous Domestic
22 45 16 – EYEWASH EQUIPMENT
Water Heat Exchanger
22 45 19 – SELF CONTAINED EYEWASH EQUIPMENT
22 35 13.16 – Domestic Water in Coil, Instantaneous Domestic
22 45 23 – PERSONAL EYEWASH EQUIPMENT
Water Heat Exchanger
22 45 26 – EYE/ FACE WASH EQUIPMENT
22 35 13.19 – Heating Fluid in a U-Tube Coil, Instantaneous
22 45 29 – HAND HELD EMERGENCY DRENCH HOSES
Domestic Water Heat Exchanger
22 45 33 – COMBINATION EMERGENCY FIXTURE UNITS
22 35 23 – CIRCULATING DOMESTIC WATER HEAT
22 45 36 – EMERGENCY FIXTURE WATER TEMPERING UNITS
EXCHANGERS
22 35 23.13 – Circulating, Compact Domestic Water Heat 22 46 00 – SECURITY PLUMBING FIXTURES
Exchangers 22 46 13 – SECURITY WATER CLOSETS and URINALS
22 35 23.16 – Circulating, Storage Domestic Water Heat 22 46 16 – SECURITY LAVATORIES and SINKS
Exchangers 22 46 39 – SECURITY FAUCETS, SUPPLIES and TRIM
22 46 43 – SECURITY PLUMBING FIXTURE FLUSHOMETERS

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 22 46 53 – SECURITY PLUMBING FIXTURE SUPPORTS 22 63 13 – GAS PIPING for LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE
22 47 00 – DRINKING FOUNTAINS and WATER COOLERS FACILITIES
22 47 13 – DRINKING FOUNTAINS 22 63 13.53 – Laboratory Gas Piping
22 47 16 – PRESSURE WATER COOLERS 22 63 13.70 – Healthcare Gas Piping
22 47 19 – WATER STATION WATER COOLERS 22 63 19 – GAS STORAGE TANKS for LABORATORY and
22 47 23 – REMOTE WATER COOLERS HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
22 63 19.53 – Laboratory Gas Storage Tanks
22 48 00 – RESERVED 22 63 19.70 – Healthcare Gas Storage Tanks
22 49 00 – RESERVED 22 64 00 – RESERVED
22 50 00 – POOL and FOUNTAIN PLUMBING 22 65 00 – RESERVED
SYSTEMS 22 66 00 – CHEMICAL WASTE SYSTEMS for LABORATORY
22 51 00 – SWIMMING POOL PLUMBING SYSTEMS and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
22 51 13 – SWIMMING POOL PIPING 22 66 53 – LABORATORY CHEMICAL WASTE and VENT
22 51 16 – SWIMMING POOL PUMPS PIPING
22 51 19 – SWIMMING POOL WATER TREATMENT 22 66 70 – HEALTH CARE CHEMICAL WASTE and VENT
EQUIPMENT PIPING
22 51 23 – SWIMMING POOL EQUIPMENT CONTROLS 22 66 83 – CHEMICAL WASTE TANKS
22 66 83.13 – Chemical Waste Dilution Tanks
22 52 00 – FOUNTAIN PLUMBING SYSTEMS
22 66 83.16 – Chemical Waste Neutralization Tanks
22 52 13 – FOUNTAIN PIPING
22 67 00 – PROCESSED WATER SYSTEMS for LABORATORY
22 52 16 – FOUNTAIN PUMPS
and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
22 52 19 – FOUNTAIN WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
22 52 23 – FOUNTAIN EQUIPMENT CONTROLS 22 67 13 – PROCESSED WATER PIPING for LABORATORY and
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
22 53 00 – RESERVED
22 67 13.13 – Distilled Water piping
22 54 00 – RESERVED 22 67 13.16 – Reverse Osmosis Water Piping
22 55 00 – RESERVED 22 67 13.19 – De-ionized Water Piping
22 67 19 – PROCESSED WATER EQUIPMENT for
22 56 00 – RESERVED LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
22 57 00 – RESERVED 22 67 19.13 – Distilled Water Equipment
22 67 19.16 – Reverse Osmosis Water Equipment
22 58 00 – RESERVED 22 67 19.19 – De-ionized Water Equipment
22 59 00 – RESERVED 22 68 00 – RESERVED
22 60 00 – GAS and VACUUM SYSTEMS for 22 69 00 – RESERVED
LABORATORY and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 22 70 00 – RESERVED
22 61 00 – COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS for LABORATORY 22 80 00 – RESERVED
and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
22 90 00 – RESERVED
22 61 13 – COMPRESSED AIR PIPING for LABORATORY and
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES APPENDIX C SECTION SHELL OUTLINE
22 61 13.53 – Laboratory Compressed Air Piping This shell outline has been developed by the American Institute of
22 61 13.70 – Healthcare Compressed Air Piping Architects conforming to the CSI Manual of Practice.
22 61 13.74 – Dental Compressed Air Piping
22 61 19 – COMPRESSED AIR EQUIPMENT for LABORATORY
and HEALTHCARE FACILITIES SECTION XXXXX
22 61 19.53 – Laboratory Compressed Air Equipment XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
22 61 19.70 – Healthcare Compressed Air Equipment
22 61 19.74 – Dental Compressed Air Equipment PART 1—GENERAL
22 62 00 – VACUUM SYSTEMS for LABORATORY and 1.1 SUMMARY
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES A. This section includes [description of essential unit of work
22 62 13 – VACUUM PIPING for LABORATORY and included in section].
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES B. Products furnished but not installed under this section include
22 62 13.53 – Laboratory Vacuum Piping [description].
22 62 13.70 – Healthcare, Surgical Vacuum Piping C. Products installed but not furnished under this section include
22 62 13.74 – Dental Vacuum Piping [description].
22 62 19 – VACUUM EQUIPMENT for LABORATORY and D. Related Sections: The following relate to this section:
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 1. Division [#] Section [“Title”] for [description of related unit
22 62 19.53 – Laboratory Vacuum Equipment of work].
22 62 19.70 – Healthcare Vacuum Equipment
2. Division [#] Section [“Title”] for [description of related unit
22 62 19.74 – Dental Vacuum and Evacuation Equipment
of work].
22 62 23 – WASTE ANESTHESIA GAS PIPING
22 63 00 – GAS SYSTEMS for LABORATORY and 3. Division [#] Section [“Title”] for [description of related unit
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES of work].

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  21

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
4. Division [#] Section [“Title”] for [description of related unit B. Installer’s Field Supervision: Require installer to maintain an
of work]. experienced full-time supervisor who is on jobsite during times
E. Allowances: that [unit of work] is in progress.
F. Unit Prices: C. Testing Laboratory Qualifications: Demonstrate experience
G. Alternates: and capability to conduct testing indicated without delaying
progress of the work based on evaluation of laboratory-submitted
1.2 REFERENCES criteria conforming to ASTM E 699.
1.3 DEFINITIONS D. Qualify welding process and welding operators in accordance
with ASME “Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,” Section IX, “Weld-
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ing and Brazing Qualifications.”
1.5 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS E. Regulatory Requirements: Fabricate and stamp [product] to
A. Performance Requirements: Provide [system] complying with comply with [code].
performance requirements specified. F. Regulatory requirements: Comply with following codes.
1. [Itemize codes in form of separate subparagraphs under
1.6 SUBMITTALS above].
A. General: Submit the following:
G. UL Standard: Provide [products] complying with UL [designation,
B. Product data for each type of [products] specified, including
title].
details of construction relative to materials, dimensions of indi-
H. Electrical Component Standard: Provide components complying
vidual components, profiles, and finishes.
with NFPA 70 “National Electrical Code” and which are listed and
C. Product data for the following products:
labeled by UL where available.
1. [Product]. I. UL and NEMA Compliance: Provide [components] required as
2. [Product]. part of [product or system] which are listed and labeled by UL
and comply with applicable NEMA standards.
3. [Product].
J. ASME Compliance: Fabricate and stamp [product] to comply
4. [Product]. with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Divi-
D. Shop drawings from manufacturer detailing equipment assem- sion 1.
blies and indicating dimensions, weights, loadings, required K. Single Source Responsibility: Obtain [system] components from
clearances, method of field assembly, components, utility single source having responsibility and accountability to answer
requirements, and location and size of each field connection. and resolve problems regarding proper installation, compatibil-
E. Include setting drawings, templates, and directions for installation ity, performance, and acceptance.
of anchor bolts and other anchorages to be installed as unit of L. Manufacturer and Product Selection: The drawings indicate sizes,
work of other sections. profiles, and dimensional requirements of [product or system].
F. Coordination drawings for [unit of work]. A [product or system] having equal performance characteristics
G. Coordination drawings for reflected ceiling plans drawn with deviations from indicated dimensions and profiles may be
accurately to scale and coordinating penetrations and ceiling- considered, provided deviations do not change the design con-
mounted items, including sprinklers, diffusers, grilles, light fix- cept or intended performance. The burden of proof of equality is
tures, speakers, and access panels. on the proposer.
H. Wiring diagrams from manufacturer for electrically operated
1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
equipment.
A. Deliver materials and equipment to site in such quantities and
I. Wiring diagrams detailing wiring for power, signal, and control
at such times to ensure continuity of installation. Store them at
systems, differentiating between manufacturer and field-installed
site to prevent cracking, distortion, staining, and other physical
wiring.
damage and so that markings are visible.
J. Material certificates signed by manufacturer certifying that each
B. Lift and support equipment only at designated lifting or support-
material item complies with requirements, in lieu of laboratory
ing points as shown on final shop drawings.
test reports, when permitted by architect.
C. Deliver [product] as a factory assembled unit with protective crat-
K. Product certificates signed by manufacturers of [products] cer-
ing and covering.
tifying that their products comply with requirements.
D. Store [products] on elevated platforms in a dry location.
L. Welder certificates signed by contractor certifying that welders
E. Coordinate delivery of [product] in sufficient time to allow move-
comply with requirements of “quality-assurance” article.
ment into building.
M. Qualifications data for firms and persons specified in “quality-
assurance” article to demonstrate their capabilities and 1.9 PROJECT CONDITIONS
experience. Include list of completed projects with project name, A. Site Information: Data on indicated subsurface conditions are
addresses, name of architects and owners, plus other information not intended as representations or warranties of accuracy or con-
specified. tinuity of these conditions {between soil borings}. It is expressly
N. Test reports from, and based on tests performed by, qualified understood that owner and engineer will not be responsible for
independent testing laboratory evidencing compliance of [prod- interpretations or conclusions drawn therefrom by contractor.
uct] with requirements based on comprehensive testing. Data are made available for convenience of contractor (and are
O. Maintenance data for [materials and products], for inclusion in not guaranteed to represent conditions that may be encoun-
operating and maintenance manuals. tered).
B. Field Measurements: Verify dimensions by field measurements.
1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE Verify that [name of system, product, or equipment] may be
A. Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced installer who has
installed in compliance with the original design and referenced
successfully completed [unit of work] similar in material, design,
standards.
and extent to that indicated for project.

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1.10 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING 2.3 MATERIALS, GENERAL [PRODUCTS,   GENERAL]
A. Coordinate the size and location of concrete equipment pads. A. [Description] Standard: Provide [product or material] which
Cast anchor bolt inserts into pad. Concrete reinforcement and complies with [standard designation].
formwork requirements are specified in Division 3. B. [Description] Standard: Provide [product or material] which
B. Coordinate the installation of roof penetrations. Roof specialties complies with [standard designation].
are specified in Division 7. C. [Kind of Performance] Characteristics: [Insert requirements for
kind of performance involved and test method as applicable
1.11 WARRANTY
unless requirements included under Part 1 Article (“System
A. Special Project Warrant: Submit written warranty, executed by
Description).]
manufacturer, agreeing to repair or replace [product] which fails
D. [Kind of Performance] Characteristics: [Insert requirements for
in materials or workmanship within specified warranty period.
kind of performance involved and test method as applicable
This warranty shall be in addition to, and not limitation of, other
unless requirements included under Part 1 Article (“System
rights the owner may have against the contractor under the con-
Description”).]
tract documents.
1. Warranty period is 1 year after date of substantial comple- 2.4 EQUIPMENT [NAME OF MANUFACTURED UNIT]
tion. A. [Equipment or Unit Name]: [Nonproprietary description of…]
complying with [standard designation] (for type, grade, etc.).
1.12 MAINTENANCE B. [Equipment or Unit Name]: [Nonproprietary description of…]
complying with [standard designation] (for type, grade, etc.).
1.13 EXTRA MATERIALS
C. [Equipment, Unit, or Product Name]: [standard designation],
A. Deliver extra materials to owner. Furnish extra materials
(type, grade, etc. as applicable to referenced ­standard).
described below matching products installed, packaged with
D. [Equipment, Unit, or Product Name]: [standard designation],
protective covering for storage and identified with labels clearly
(type, grade, etc. as applicable to referenced s­ tandard).
describing contents.
2.5 COMPONENTS
PART 2—PRODUCTS
A. [Component Name]:… [Nonproprietary description of…] comply-
2.1 MANUFACTURERS ing with [standard designation] (for type, grade, etc.).
A. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, B. [Component Name]: [Nonproprietary description of…] comply-
manufacturers offering products which may be incorporated in ing with [standard designation] (for type, grade, etc.).
the work include, but are not limited to, the following:
2.6 ACCESSORIES
B. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, pro-
A. Manufacturer’s standard factory finish.
vide products by one of the following:
1. [Name of Product]: 2.7 MIXES
a. [Manufacturer’s Name]. 2.8 FABRICATION
b. [Manufacturer’s Name]. 2.9 SOURCE OF QUALITY CONTROL
c. [Manufacturer’s Name].
PART 3—EXECUTION
2. [Name of Product]:
a. [Manufacturers Name]. 3.1 EXAMINATION
b. [Manufacturer’s Name]. A. Examine [substrates] [areas] [and] [conditions] [with Installer
present] for compliance with requirements for [maximum mois-
3. [Name of Product]: ture content], installation tolerances, [other specific conditions],
a. [Manufacturer’s Names]. and other conditions affecting performance of [unit of work of
this section]. Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory
4. [Name of Product]:
conditions have been corrected.
a. [Manufacturer’s Names]. B. Examine rough-in drawings for [name] piping systems to verify
C. Available Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, actual locations of piping connections prior to installation.
products which may be incorporated in the work include, but are C. Examine walls, floors, roof, and [description] for suitable condi-
not limited to, the following: tions where [name of products or system] are to be installed.
D. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one D. Do not proceed until unsatisfactory conditions have been cor-
of the following: rected.
E. Manufacturer: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide 3.2 PREPARATION
product by [Manufacturer’s Name]. A. Protection:
2.2 MATERIALS [PRODUCT NAME] 3.3 INSTALLATION, GENERAL [APPLICATION, GENERAL]
A. [Material or Product Name]: [Nonproprietary description of
material] complying with [standard designation] (for type, grade,
A. [Description] Standard: Install [name of product,
etc.). material, or system] to comply with [standard
B. [Material or Product Name]: [Nonproprietary description of designation].
material] complying with [standard designation] (for type, grade, 3.4 INSTALLATION {OF [NAME]} {APPLICATION OF [NAME]}
etc.). A. Install [name of unit of work] level and plumb, in accordance
C. [Material or Product Name]: [Standard designation], [type, grade, with manu-facturer’s written instructions, rough-in drawings, the
etc. as applicable to referenced standard]. original design, and referenced standards.
D. [Material or Product Name]: [Standard designation], [type, grade,
etc. as applicable to referenced standard].

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  23

 CONTINUING EDUCATION: Specifications
3.5 CONNECTIONS (NOT A CSI ARTICLE—BUT USEFUL FOR
DIVISION 15)
A. Piping installation requirements are specified in other sections.
Drawings indicate general arrangement of piping, fittings, and
specialties. The following are specific connection requirements:
B. Install piping adjacent to equipment to allow servicing and main-
tenance.
3.6 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing Laboratory: Owner will employ and pay an independent
testing laboratory to perform field quality control testing.
B. Testing Laboratory: Provide the services of an independent test-
ing laboratory experienced in the testing of [unit of work] and
acceptable to the engineer, to perform field quality control test-
ing.
C. Extent and Testing Methodology: Arrange for testing of com-
pleted [unit of work] in successive stages in areas of extent
described below; do not proceed with [unit of work] of next area
until test results for previously completed work verify compliance
with requirements.
D. Testing laboratory shall report test results promptly and in writing
to contractor and engineer.
E. Repair or replace [unit of work] within areas where test results
indicate [unit of work] does not comply with requirements.
F. Manufacturer’s Field Service: Provide services of a factory-autho-
rized service representative to supervise field assembly of com-
ponents, installation of [products] including piping and electrical
connections, and to report results in writing.
3.7 ADJUSTING [CLEANING] [ADJUSTING AND CLEANING]
3.8 COMMISSIONING (NOT A CSI ARTICLE — BUT USEFUL FOR
DIVISION 15 [DEMONSTRATION])
A. Start-Up Services, General: Provide services of a factory-autho-
rized service representative to provide start-up service and to
demonstrate and train owner’s maintenance personnel as speci-
fied below.
B. Test and adjust controls and safeties. Replace damaged or mal-
functioning controls and equipment.
C. Train owner’s maintenance personnel on procedures and sched-
ules related to start-up and shut-down, troubleshooting, servic-
ing, and preventative maintenance.
D. Review data in operating and maintenance manuals. Refer to
Division 1, Section [“Project Closeouts”] [“Operating and Mainte-
nance Manuals”].
E. Schedule training with owner through architect, with at least 7
days advance notice.
3.9 PROTECTION
3.10 SCHEDULES

24  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  25
Continuing Education from Plumbing Systems & Design
David DeBord, CPD, LEED AP

Do you find it difficult to obtain continuing education units (CEUs)?

Through this special section in every issue of PS&D, ASPE can help
you accumulate the CEUs required for maintaining your Certified in
About This Issue’s Article
The December 2008 continuing education article is
Plumbing Design (CPD) status. “Specifications,” Chapter 3 of Plumbing Engineering
Design Handbook, Volume 1.
Now Online! Plumbing drawings, plumbing specifications, general
The technical article you must read to complete the exam is located conditions, special conditions, and the addenda comprise
at www.psdmagazine.org. Just click on “Plumbing Systems & Design the documents that make up the contract between the
Continuing Education Article and Exam” at the top of the page. The owner and the contractor. None of these items can stand
following exam and application form also may be downloaded from alone: the drawings cannot serve as a contract without
the website. Reading the article and completing the form will allow the specifications and vice versa. The plumbing designer
you to apply to ASPE for CEU credit. If you earn a grade of 90 percent must, therefore, be familiar with specification writing.
or higher on the test, you will be notified that you have logged 0.1 If others prepare the specifications, then the plumbing
CEU, which can be applied toward CPD renewal or numerous regu- designer must be able to coordinate the drawings with
latory-agency CE programs. (Please note that it is your responsibil- the project specifications.
ity to determine the acceptance policy of a particular agency.) CEU You may locate this article at www.psdmagazine.org.
information will be kept on file at the ASPE office for three years. Read the article, complete the following exam, and sub-
Note: In determining your answers to the CE questions, use only the material mit your answer sheet to the ASPE office to potentially
presented in the corresponding continuing education article. Using informa- receive 0.1 CEU.

PSD 153
tion from other materials may result in a wrong answer.

CE Questions—“Specifications” (PSD 153)

1. The proposed construction that is referred to as the work is 7. _________ publishes MasterSpec.
_________. a. Construction Specifications Institute
a. bidding documents b. American Institute of Architects
b. contract documents c. Constructed Science Research Foundation
c. construction contract documents d. none of the above
d. none of the above
8. CCS stands for _________.
2. Who publishes the Manual of Practice? a. Certified Construction Specialist
a. American Society of Plumbing Engineers b. Construction CADD Specialist
b. ASME International c. Certified Construction Specifier
c. Plumbing and Drainage Institute d. Celebrated Construction Specifier
d. Construction Specifications Institute
9. Specifications verbally describe _________.
3. Which of the following documents are included in the project a. required materials and equipment
manual? b. level of quality required for installation and equipment
a. general conditions c. methods by which the materials and equipment are
b. specifications assembled and installed
c. bid forms d. all of the above
d. all of the above
10. Modifications can be accomplished by the use of _________.
4. A _________ assures that the work, once a contract has been a. pre-bid documents
signed, will be completed in compliance with the contract b. field orders
documents. c. general conditions
a. bid bond d. bid forms
b. performance bond
11. A type of reference-based standard commonly used when
c. materials payment bond
writing a specification is _________.
d. guaranty bond
a. codes
5. Which of the following is a method of specifying products, b. design standards
materials, or workmanship? c. product standards
a. descriptive d. all of the above
b. reference standard
12. The _________ specification identifies the products to be used
c. proprietary
by manufacturer’s name, brand name, model number, type
d. all of the above
designation, or unique characteristics.
6. A _________ is a statement or statements of the results and a. proprietary
criteria the specifier requires to verify compliance. b. reference-based
a. performance specification c. descriptive
b. bid document d. none of the above
c. change order
d. proprietary specification

26  Plumbing Systems & Design  DECEMBER 2008 WWW.PSDMAGAZINE.ORG

Plumbing Systems & Design Continuing Education Application Form
This form is valid up to one year from date of publication. The PS&D Continuing Education program is approved by ASPE for up to one
contact hour (0.1 CEU) of credit per article. Participants who earn a passing score (90 percent) on the CE questions will receive a letter
or certification within 30 days of ASPE’s receipt of the application form. (No special certificates will be issued.) Participants who fail and
wish to retake the test should resubmit the form along with an additional fee (if required).
1.  Photocopy this form or download it from www.psdmagazine.org.
2.  Print or type your name and address. Be sure to place your ASPE membership number in the appropriate space.
3.  Answer the multiple-choice continuing education (CE) questions based on the corresponding article found on
www.psdmagazine.org and the appraisal questions on this form.
4.  Submit this form with payment ($35 for nonmembers of ASPE) if required by check or money order made payable to ASPE or credit
card via mail (ASPE Education Credit, 8614 W. Catalpa Ave., Suite 1007, Chicago, IL 60656) or fax (773-695-9007).

Please print or type; this information will be used to process your credits.
Name
Title __________________________________________________ASPE Membership No.
Organization
Billing Address
City_ _________________________________________ State/Province_________________________ Zip
Country_______________________________________________ E-mail
Daytime telephone_ ____________________________________ Fax

I am applying for the following continuing education credits: ❏ ASPE Member ❏ Nonmember
Each examination: $25 Each examination: $35
I certify that I have read the article indicated above. Limited Time: No Cost to ASPE Member
Payment: ❏ Personal Check (payable to ASPE) $
❏ Business or government check $
❏ DiscoverCard ❏ VISA ❏ MasterCard ❏ AMEX $

Signature If rebilling of a credit card charge is necessary, a $25 processing fee will be charged.
ASPE is hereby authorized to charge my CE examination fee to my
credit card
Expiration date: Continuing education credit will be given
for this examination through December 31, 2009.
Applications received after that date will not be processed. Account Number Expiration date

Signature Cardholder’s name (Please print)

PS&D Continuing Education Answer Sheet
Specifications (PSD 153)
Questions appear on page 26. Circle the answer to each question. Appraisal Questions
Q 1. A B C D Specifications (PSD 153)
Q 2. A B C D 1. Was the material new information for you?  ❏ Yes ❏ No
Q 3. A B C D
Q 4. A B C D 2. Was the material presented clearly?  ❏ Yes ❏ No
Q 5. A B C D 3. Was the material adequately covered?  ❏ Yes ❏ No
Q 6. A B C D
Q 7. A B C D 4. Did the content help you achieve the stated objectives?  ❏ Yes ❏ No
Q 8. A B C D 5. Did the CE questions help you identify specific ways to use ideas presented in
Q 9. A B C D the article?  ❏ Yes ❏ No
Q 10. A B C D
Q 11. A B C D 6. How much time did you need to complete the CE offering (i.e., to read the
Q 12. A B C D article and answer the post-test questions)?

DECEMBER 2008  Plumbing Systems & Design  27