5 

Yet while he lives among us without laying too much stress on his official
position, he is something quite different from the ordinary citizen. When a
delegation comes to him with a request, he stands there like the wall of the world.
Behind him is nothingness, one imagines hearing voices whispering in the
background, but this is probably a delusion; after all, he represents the end of all
things, at least for us. At these receptions he really was worth seeing. Once as a
child I was present when a delegation of citizens arrived to ask him for a
government subsidy because the poorest quarter of the town had been burned to the
ground. . . . As on all solemn occasions the colonel stood upright, holding in front
of him two poles of bamboo in his outstretched hands. This is an ancient custom
implying more or less that he supports the law, and the law supports him. Now
everyone knows, of course, what to expect up on the veranda, and yet each time
people take fright all over again. On this occasion, too, the man chosen to speak
could not begin, he was already standing opposite the colonel when his courage
failed him and, muttering a few excuses, he pushed his way back into the crowd.
No other suitable person willing to speak could be found, albeit several unsuitable
ones offered themselves; a great commotion ensued and messengers went in search
of various citizens who were well-known speakers. During all this time the colonel
stood there motionless, only his chest moving visibly up and down to his breathing.
Not that he breathed with difficulty, it was just that he breathed so conspicuously,
much as frogs breathe—except that with them it is normal, while here it was
exceptional. I squeezed myself through the grownups and watched him through a
gap between two soldiers, until one of them kicked me away with his knee.
Meanwhile the man originally chosen to speak had regained his composure and,
firmly held up by two fellow citizens, was delivering his address. It was touching
to see him smile throughout this solemn speech describing a grievous misfortune—
a most humble smile which strove in vain to elicit some slight reaction on the
colonel’s face. Finally he formulated the request—I think he was only asking for a
year’s tax exemption, but possibly also for timber from the imperial forests at a
reduced price. Then he bowed low, as did everyone else except the colonel, the
soldiers, and a number of officials in the background. . . . After this had lasted
quite a while an official, a little man, stepped up to the colonel and tried to reach
the latter’s height by standing on his toes. The colonel, still motionless save for his
deep breathing, whispered something in his ear, whereupon the little man clapped
his hands and everyone rose. “The petition has been refused,” he announced. “You
may go.” An undeniable sense of relief passed through the crowd, everyone surged
out, hardly a soul paying any special attention to the colonel, who, as it were, had
turned once more into a human being like the rest of us. I still caught one last
glimpse of him as he wearily let go of the poles, which fell to the ground, then sank
into an armchair produced by some officials, and promptly put his pipe in his
mouth.

Total Score: 2/3

1. The narrator’s description of the colonel during the reception leads the
reader to conclude that—
Answer choices for the above question

A. the colonel is considered to be an ordinary citizen.

B. the colonel is openly disrespected by the townspeople.

C. the colonel worries about losing his position as tax-collector.

D. the colonel inspires great fear among the townspeople.”

2. The crowd’s reaction to the colonel’s refusal reveals that in this society—
Answer choices for the above question

A. the people feel dissatisfied with their government and plan to revolt.

B. the people are glad that nothing has happened to upset their traditions.

C. the people recognize that the colonel is a human being just as they are.

D. the people understand that the colonel is a powerless figurehead.

3. Which detail in the passage most clearly suggests that the colonel’s character
may be more complex than the townspeople realize?
Answer choices for the above question
 A. He silently holds the two symbolic bamboo poles.

B. He breathes deeply and conspicuously, like a frog.

C. He drops the bamboo poles and sinks into a chair.

D. He reveals no emotion during the reception.

Analyze how Plato develops his central idea concerning the necessity of education.
How does Plato’s use of details and specific word choices help shape the meaning
of the text and refine his overall central idea? Use specific details, including
references to important words or phrases from the text, to support your response.

1.  What are the major differences between modernist and postmodernist works
in terms of how authors craft their characters? Cite evidence from the text that
backs up your explanations. 
 2. What effect did both world wars have on the literature that followed?
Explain, using evidence from the text to support your inferences.

2. 3. Think of two or three texts you have read in school that were written in the
twentieth century. Write down their titles and explain, based on the
information here, whether you think they are modernist or postmodernist
works. Use evidence from this text to support your assertions. 

3. 4. The word fragmentation stems from the Latin frangere, meaning “to break

or shatter.” With this information in mind, determine the meaning
of fragmentation as it is used within the context of an informational text about
literature. Cite any words or phrases from the text that were helpful in coming
to your conclusion.

4. 5. Use context clues to determine the meaning of the word exteriority. Write

your definition here, along with the words or phrases that were most helpful in
determining the word’s meaning. Finally, check a dictionary to confirm your
understanding.
Retell the folktale from the point of view of Lion. How does he perceive his place
in the hierarchy with the other animals, the problem they have with him, and the
solution? Use characters, events, and specific textual evidence from the original
text. Your retelling should be based on explicit details and inferences you've drawn
from the text.

Exteriority experimentalism imply interiority explicit

The concept of a person focused primarily on their internal wellbeing

To state directly and clearly

The idea that you should try everything and determine its worth for
yourself
The concept of a person focused primarily on their external wellbeing

To state directly without clear or direct, to give an impression.

When an author is denied freedom of speech they may ( implicitly / explicitly )
state a story’s moral.

During the early mornings streets are ( rigid/ barren ) of people and cars.
A ( modernist/ postmodernist) author will typically include themes of relative
morality in their writing.

The concept of ( fragmentation / multiplication) is an idea of postmodernist author

might use when telling the story of a character battling with difficult memories.

A ( subplot/ parody) is a genre of story that is still popular today when mimicking
popular artistic works.

Use these words in sentences:

Relativity :

Subplot:
Fragmentation
Stream of consciousness:

Rigid:
In the selection “ the refusal” you can infer that the author is supporting modernist
ideas or postmodernist ideas ? support you answer with evidence from the text?

Vocabulary :

Hierarchy

Dread

Insist

Reflection

Non fiction
Lion looked in the water and Hare looked over the side at the same time. Lion saw 
the reflections of a lion and a beautiful, clean hare’s head. “I will kill you! I am the 
Great Lion!” said Lion. The Lion threw himself into the water and never came out 
again. 

Using the evidence excerpt as evidence , describe the lion’s biggest hubris ( the
character traits that will be your end)

When a person is described as a weasel , it is usually insinuates ( implies ) that

they are deceitful and treacherous . given this allegory would you have expected
that the author uses this animal as the negotiator ?

The republic :

Describe the difference between truth and reality as they relate to the study of
philosophy ?
Whereas, our argument shows that the power and capacity of learning exists in t
he soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light 
without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the move
ment of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being, a
nd learn by degrees to endure the sight of being, and of the brightest and best of 
being, or in other words, of the good. 

This entire allegory, I said, you may now append, dear Glaucon, to the previous a
rgument; the prison-house is the world of sight, the light of the fire is the sun, and 
you will not misapprehend me if you interpret the journey upwards to be the asce
nt of the soul into the intellectual world according to my poor belief, which, at your 
desire, I have expressed—whether rightly or wrongly God knows. But, whether tr
ue or false, my opinion is that in the world of knowledge the idea of good appears 
last of all, and is seen only with an effort; and, when seen, is also inferred to be t
he universal author of all things beautiful and right, parent of light and of the lord 
of light in this visible world, and the immediate source of reason and truth in the i
ntellectual; and that this is the power upon which he who would act rationally eith
er in public or private life must have his eye fixed. 

Explain the meaning of one of the following excerpts from the republic

What was one of the goals of the republic? Support your answer with evidence
What was another goal of the republic ? support your answer with evidence ?

Plato’s the republic supports gender equality in matters of government and the
state

Defend this statement using evidence from the republic to support your answer

A young person under 50 years of age would be unwise choice for a leader

Would the author of the republic agree with this statement ? support your answer
with explicit text evidence.