Geo Unit 1
Geo Unit 1
Geo Unit 1
A definition states the meaning of a concept using only the minimum amount of
information needed to describe it. Definitions are also “reversible”.
Example: If a point cuts a segment into 2 equal lengths, then it is called a
midpoint.
If a midpoint is on a segment, then it cuts the segment into 2 equal
lengths.
A postulate or axiom are facts that we accept to be true, and either need not or
cannot be formally proven. They are not necessarily “reversible”.
Example: If point 𝐵 is between points 𝐴 and 𝐶, then 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶.
A theorem is a fact that is proven to be true. They are also not necessarily
“reversible”.
Example: If a polygon is a rectangle, then its diagonals are the same length.
The first important definitions are what are considered to be the building blocks of
geometry, and will also be crucial to our study of algebra…
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Point:
Line:
Plane:
Underline and label the different parts of your if-then statement above.
Then, find a partner and write their conditional statement below. Underline and label the
different parts of their statement.
Rewrite your if-then statement, but switch your hypothesis and your conclusion. Does
your statement still make sense? Is your statement necessarily true?
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
The converse of a conditional statement switches the hypothesis and the conclusion to
make a new statement.
Write the converse of your partner’s statement, and determine whether the converse is
necessarily true or false.
If the conditional and its converse are both true, then we can rewrite the two statements
as one biconditional statement.
___________________________________________.
Biconditional: __________________________________________________.
Find a statement at your table where the conditional and converse are both true. Write
both below.
Practice:
Write the converse of each of the following statements, and determine if each converse is
true or false. If the converse is true, then write the original conditional and its converse as
one biconditional statement. If the converse is false, then provide a counterexample to
show why it is false.
2) If you are going to the arcade, then you will need a lot of quarters.
4) If 6𝑥 = 18, then 𝑥 = 3.
*) Are the two conditional statements in (5) and (6) logically equivalent? Why
or why not?
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Use the examples and counter-examples posted to Moodle (Definitions Part 1) in order to
generate a definition for each of the following terms.
Collinear Points:
Coplanar Points:
Parallel Lines:
Perpendicular Lines:
Skew Lines:
Midpoint:
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Congruent (segments):
Congruent (angles)
Ray:
Opposite Rays:
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
An angle is a figure formed by two rays (or segments) that have the same endpoint.
A
B 1
Use the examples and counter-examples posted to Moodle (Definitions Part 2) in order to
generate a definition for each of the following terms.
Acute angle:
Obtuse angle:
Right angle:
Straight angle:
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Vertical angles:
Adjacent angles:
Complementary angles:
Supplementary angles:
Find the complement and the supplement of each of the following angles.
In the diagram below, identify all pairs of supplementary angles and vertical angles.
1
4 2
3
Using the angle measure given, find the measure of all other angles in the diagram below.
[Note that the diagram is not to scale]
1
4 2
3
Practice
1) Explain in your own words how you were able to find the complement and
supplement of each of the angles two pages back.
2) Use your answer above to find the complement and supplement for an angle in
general. [Note: this idea will come up frequently throughout the year]
3) 4)
ሺ7𝑥 − 11ሻ°
ሺ3𝑥 + 19ሻ°
ሺ141 − 2𝑥ሻ° 75°
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
5) 6)
ሺ9𝑥 + 8ሻ°
ሺ4𝑥ሻ° ሺ𝑥 + 6ሻ°
ሺ19 − 2𝑥ሻ°
ሺ𝑥 + 12ሻ°
1
2
ሺ2𝑥 − 15ሻ°
3
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
______________________________________________.
C B
Sides of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶:
Angles of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶:
Right triangle:
Acute triangle:
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Obtuse triangle:
Equiangular triangle:
Scalene triangle:
Equilateral triangle:
Isosceles triangle:
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
The next two terms are important, but we will not set up formal definitions for them.
1
2 3
4
9
6 7
5 8
Conclusions:
Triangle Sum Theorem: The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is _______.
𝑎°
𝑥° 𝑏°
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
The following are corollaries of the Triangle Sum Theorem. Fill in the blanks to best
complete the statements.
Third Angle Corollary: If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of
104° 104°
33° 33°
𝑥°
𝑥°
27°
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Practice
1) 𝑥° 2)
150°
55°
52°
ሺ3𝑥ሻ° ሺ2𝑥ሻ°
50° 60°
3) 4)
𝑥°
𝑦°
45° 𝑥° 48°
5) 6) 𝑦°
𝑥°
40° 𝑥°
20° 𝑦°
65° 25°
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
7) 𝑒°
𝑎° 𝑏° 133° 40°
𝑑°
𝑐°
140° 47°
71°
8) 80°
[Note: You will only be able to find a value
for 𝑘, not for 𝑥 or 𝑦]
𝑘°
𝑥° 𝑦°
𝑥° 𝑦°
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Polygon:
Diagonal:
Convex polygon:
Quick definition: A polygon is regular if and only if all of its sides and angles are
_____________________.
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Complete the following chart with the other members of your group. Do not fill in any
numbers in the last column without confirming your results on GeoGebra first!
Use your results above to come up with a general formula for the sum of interior angles
and the sum of exterior angles of any polygon with 𝑛 sides.
Name______________________________________________ Date________________
Int. Alg and Geo
Polygon Interior Angle Sum Theorem: The sum of the measures of the angles in a
Polygon Exterior Angle Sum Theorem: The sum of the measures of the exterior angles
Practice
3) Assuming that the 22-gon is regular, find the measure of each interior and exterior
angle.
4) Assuming that an 𝑛-gon is regular, come up with a formula to find the measure of
each interior angle and each exterior angle.
5) Complete the following charts. You may assume that each polygon is regular.
a)
Number of sides (𝑛) 6 10 24
Sum of interior angles
Sum of exterior angles
Interior angle measure
Exterior angle measure
b)
Number of sides (𝑛) 9
Interior angle measure 165° 178°
Exterior angle measure 20° 6°