QUIZ 1

It is a measure of how many instructions a CPU is capable of executing in a single clock.

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The third generation microprocessors, introduced in 1978 were represented by Intel's 8086,
Zilog Z800 and 80286, which were 16 - bit processors with a performance like Answer
minicomputers
.

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The microprocessor supports multiple data type formats like binary, ASCII, signed and unsigned
numbers
Data Types
Answer:

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 Question text
What is CPU?

Central Processing Unit

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A digital computer with one microprocessor which acts as a CPU is called
microcomputer
Answer:

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The number of bits processed in a single instruction
Bandw idth
Answer:

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Set of conductors intended to transmit data, address or control information to different
elements in a microprocessor
 Bus
Answer:

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Instruction
The group of commands that the microprocessor can understand is called Answer .

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What is FPU?
Floating Point Unit
Answer:

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Microprocessors are using metal oxide semiconductor technology, which consumes less power.
Low Pow er Consumption
Answer:

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It is the number of operations per second the processor can perform. It can be expressed in
megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz)

Clock Speed
Answer:

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What is the first generation microprocessors were introduced in the year 1971-1972 by Intel
Corporation?
Intel 4004
Answer:

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What is the second-generation microprocessors were introduced in 1973 again by Intel?
Intel 8088
Answer:

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Portable
Due to the small size and low power consumption microprocessors are Answer .

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What is ALU?
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Answer:

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Pentium
After 80856, Intel came out with a new processor namely Answer processor

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 superscalar proces
A Answer has multiple pipelines and executes more than one instruction per
clock cycle

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a vector processor uses multiple vector pipelines whereas an array processor employs a number
of processing elements to operate in parallel
Array processors
Answer:

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Word Len
The number of bits the processor can process at a time is called Answer

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vector processor
A Answer is designed for vector computations.
QUIZ 2

It is an 8-bit register associated with the ALU.

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It is a 16-bit special function register used as memory pointer.
Stack Pointer
Answer:

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WR is a signal to control READ operation.

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True
False

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 Question text
RD is a signal to control READ operation.

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The first byte of the instruction is its opcode and the second and third bytes are either 16-bit
data or 16-bit address.

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It is used to hold the address of memory of the next instruction to be executed.
Program Counter
Answer:

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Instruction Regis
The Answer holds the opcode (operation code or instruction code) of the
instruction which is being decoded and executed.

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The time required to fetch an instruction and necessary data from memory and to execute it, is
called an instruction cycle.

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HOLD
Answer indicates that another device is requesting for the use of the address and
data bus.

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SID is data line for serial output.

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True
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: In a two byte instruction the first byte of the instruction is its opcode and the third byte is
either data or address.

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Registers
Answer are used for temporary storage and manipulation of data and instructions
by the microprocessor
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microprocesso
Decoder circuitry is within the Answer

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It keeps the track of the instruction in a program while they are being executed
Program Counter
Answer:

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SOD is a data line for serial output.

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Accumulator
Answer is an 8-bit register associated with the ALU.

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Flags
The Intel 8085 microprocessor contains five flip-flops to serve as a status Answer .

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The binary codes of all instructions are all the same length

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General-Purpose Regis
The 8085 microprocessor contains six 8-bit Answer .

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ALE stands for
Address Latch Enable
Answer:

PRELIMS EXAM
If the operand is reside the general purpose registers, execution is immediately performed. The
time taken in decoding and execution of an instruction is one clock cycle.
Execute the Instruction
Answer:

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The same chip can be used for several applications, therefore, microprocessors are Answer
Versatile

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Graphic Proces
Answer are specially designed processors for graphics.

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If it is high or 1, then no data is write by the microprocessor. If signal is low or 0, then data is
write by the microprocessor.

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If the control unit contains a number of micro electronic circuitry to generate a set of control
signals and each micro circuitry is activated by a microcode, this design approach is called CISC
design.
 CISC Processors
Answer:

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Symbolic pro
Answer are designed for expert system, machine intelligence, knowledge based
system, pattern-recognition, text retrieval, etc.

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Digital Signal Pr
Answer microprocessors specifically designed to process signals. They receive
some digitized signal information, perform some mathematical operations on the information
and give the result to an output device.

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The microprocessor follows a sequence to execute the instruction: Fetch, Encode, and then
Execute

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DEC's Alpha 21064, 21164 and 21264 processors are examples of RISC Processor

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Instructions which are used to transfer the data from a register to another register from memory
to register or register to memory come under this group.

Data Transfer Group

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What is PSW
 Program Status Word
Answer:

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Identify the symbol "^"
AND operation
Answer:

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In this addressing mode, the address of the operand (data) is given in the instruction itself.
Direct Addressing
Answer:

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The necessary steps carried out in a machine cycle can be represented graphically. Such a
graphical representation is called
Timing Diagram
Answer:

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SUN's SPARC and ULTRA SPARC are example of CISC Processor

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There are certain instructions which operate on the content of the accumulator. Such
instructions do not require the address of the operand
Implicit Addressing
Answer:

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In this addressing mode, the operand is specified within the instruction itself.

Immediate Addressing
Answer:

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Symbolic processors are also called

LISP processors
Answer:

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Examples of transputers are: Intel i860 and Intel i750

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Identify the Symbol "⊕ or ∀"
Exclusive OR
Answer:

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Examples of transputers are: Texas instrument's SN-74AS88XX series, etc.

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Examples of Graphic Processors are: Intel 82786 graphics coprocessor

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 Halt
HLT means Answer

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Due to the technology involved in it, the microprocessor can work at very low speed. It can
execute millions of instructions per second.

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One sub-division of an operation performed in one clock cycle is called a state or Answer
T-state

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They were built on VLSI chip and contained a processor, memory and communication links.
 Transputers
Answer:

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ALE indicates the availability of a valid address on the multiplexed address/data lines. When it is
high or 1, then it acts as an address bus and when low or 0, then it acts as a data bus.

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This group contains the instructions for conditional and unconditional jump, subroutine call and
return, and restart.

Branch Control Group

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Examples of Bit-Slice Processors were: AMD-2900, AMD 2909, AMD 2910, AMD 29300 series.

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What is DSP?
Digital Signal Processors
Answer:

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IO/M (low active): A high or 1 on this signal indicates I/O operation while a low or 0 indicates
memory operation.

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Identify the abbrev. addr?

16-bit address of the memory location

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In Register Indirect mode of addressing, the address of the operand is specified by a register
pair.

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Due to integrated circuit technology microprocessors are available at very high cost.

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LXI H, 2500 H is an example of Register Addressing

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In register addressing mode, the operand is not one of the general purpose registers.

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 Transputer
In a multiprocessor system, a Answer is a specially designed microprocessor to
operate as a component processor.

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The processor of desired word length is developed using the building blocks.
Bit-Slice Processors
Answer:

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What is CS?
Carry Status
Answer:

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Microprocessors are using metal oxide semiconductor technology, which consumes high power.

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 True
False

MIDTERM QUIZ 1
What kind of computer program is used to convert mnemonic code to machine code?

Select one:
a.
debug

b.
C++

c.
assembler
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Conversion from assembly language to machine language can be done by the programmer
through a process called hand assembly.

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The 8085 software is compatible with the 8080A.

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When was the first 8-bit microprocessor introduced?

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a.
1979

b.
1969

c.
1985

d.
1973
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Which bus is a bidirectional bus?

Select one:
a.
address bus and data bus
b.
address bus

c.
data bus

d.
none of the above
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The software used to drive a microprocessor-based system is called FORTRAN.

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All computer programs for a machine are called:

Select one:
a.
firmware

b.
hardware

c.
software

d.
none of the above
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When was the first 16-bit microprocessor introduced?

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a.
1968

b.
1978

c.
1958
 d.
1988
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A register in the microprocessor that keeps track of the answer or results of any arithmetic or
logic operation is the:

Select one:
a.
instruction pointer

b.
accumulator

c.
stack pointer

d.
program counter
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A microcontroller integrates multichip systems with RAM, ROM, and I/O.
Select one:
True
False

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A microprocessor with the necessary support circuits will include at least two memory ICs: ROM
or EPROM, and a RAM.

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Because microprocessor CPUs do not understand mnemonics as they are, they have to be
converted to ________.

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a.
assembly language

b.
hexadecimal machine code

c.
all of the above

d.
binary machine code
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How many bits are used in the data bus?

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a.
7

b.
16

c.
9

d.
8
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Which of the following are the three basic sections of a microprocessor unit?

Select one:
a.
operand, register, and arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

b.
control and timing, register, and arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

c.
arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), memory, and input/output

d.
control and timing, register, and memory
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The items that you can physically touch in a computer system are called:

Select one:
a.
none of the above

b.
firmware

c.
hardware

d.
software
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The stack is a data storage area in RAM used by certain microprocessor operations.

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When was the first 4-bit microprocessor introduced?

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a.
1969

b.
1961

c.
1971

d.
1970
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Single-bit indicators that may be set or cleared to show the results of logical or arithmetic
operations are the:

Select one:
a.
registers

b.
monitors

c.
flags

d.
decisions
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The software used to drive microprocessor-based systems is called:

Select one:
a.
BASIC interpreter instructions

b.
firmware

c.
machine language code

d.
assembly language
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The devices that provide the means for a computer to communicate with the user or other
computers are referred to as:

Select one:
a.
ALU

b.
NONE OF THE ABOVE

c.
CPU
d.
I/O
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MIDTERM QUIZ 2
8086 Microprocessor has no minimum or maximum mode.

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True
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8086 Microprocessor has a 16-bit data bus.

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8086 Microprocessor contains about 6500 transistor.

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8085 Microprocessor is general purpose register based processor.

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8085 Microprocessor has a Clock speed of this microprocessor is 3 MHz.

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8085 Microprocessor, It has a 20-bit address line.

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8086 Microprocessor is a 16-bit microprocessor.

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8086 Microprocessor contains about 29000 in size.

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How many bit is the Intel 8086 microprocessor?
16
Answer:
Question 10
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In 8086, more than one processor is used. An additional external processor can also be
employed.

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8085 Microprocessor has a 8-bit data bus.

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The cost of 8086 is high.

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 True
False

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Intel 8086 Micropro
Answer is the enhanced version of Intel 8085 microprocessor. It was designed by
Intel in 1976.

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8086 Microprocessor is accumulator based processor.

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In 8085, only one half processor is used.

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 True
False

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8085 Microprocessor, The Clock speed of this microprocessor varies between 5, 8 and 10 MHz
for different versions.

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What is HMOS?
High-speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Answer:

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8086 Microprocessor has nine flags
Select one:
True
False

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The cost of 8085 is high.

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True
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What is DIP?
Dual Inline Package
Answer:
MIDTERM EXAM
Register Add
In Answer , the operand is placed in one of the 16-bit or 8-bit general purpose
registers.

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System reset. The signal is active LOW.

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True
False

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A19 is multiplexed with status signal S6.

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True
False

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 Question text
A programmer can also interrupt microprocessor by inserting INT instruction at the desired
point in the program while debugging a program.

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True
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Control Flags: It controls the operations of the execution unit. Control flags are:
o Trap Flag
o Interrupt Flag
o MultiDirection Flag

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True
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Fetches instruction codes, stores fetched instruction codes in first-in-first-out register set called
a queue

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 True
False

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Extra segment holds the destination addresses of some data of certain string instructions.

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True
False

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The segment registers, instruction pointer and 6-byte instruction queue are associated with the
bus interface unit

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True
False

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 Question text
A microprocessor can also be interrupted by internal abnormal conditions such as overflow;
division by zero; etc.

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True
False

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A19 is multiplexed with status signal S5.

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True
False

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Hardw are Interrupts
Answer are that type of interrupt which are caused by any peripheral device by
sending a signal through a specified pin to the microprocessor.

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 Question text
Register Indirect Addressing: The operand's offset is placed in any one of the registers BX, BP,
SI or DI as specified in the instruction.

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True
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Conditional flags are:
o Carry Flag
o Auxiliary Flag
o Parity Flag
o Zero Flag
o Unsign Flag
o Overflow Flag

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True
False

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The addressed memory or I/O sends acknowledgment through this pin. When HIGH, it denotes
that the peripheral is ready to transfer data.

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True
False

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Index Register: The following four registers are in the group of pointer and index registers:
o Stack Pointer (SP)
o Base Pointer (BP)
o Source Index (SI)
o Final Destination Index (DI)

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True
False

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There are two operating modes of operation for Intel 8086, namely the minima mode and
the maxima mode.

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True
False

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The BIU and EU operate in parallel independently. This makes processing slower.

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True
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The microprocessor 8086 sends this signal to latch the address into the Intel 8282/8283 latch.

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True
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When Intel 8287/8286 octal bus transceiver is used this signal. It is active HIGH.

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True
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NMI is a single Non-Maskable Interrupt having higher priority than the maskable interrupt.

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Question 21
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8086 contains two independent functional units: a Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and an Execution Unit
(EU).

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Question 22
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Conditional flags are:
o Carry Flag
o Auxiliary Flag
o Parity Flag
o Zero Flag
o Sign Flag
o Overflow Flag

Select one:
True
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Question 23
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When only one 8086 CPU is to be used in a microprocessor system, the 8086 is used in
the Minimum mode of operation.

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Based Addressing: The operand's offset is the sum of an 8-bit or 16-bit displacement and the
contents of the base register BX or BP.

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Question 25
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The BIU and EU operate in series independently
Select one:
True
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Code segment of the memory holds instruction codes of a program.

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The INTR is a Non-maskable interrupt.

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On receiving interrupt signal, the processor issues an interrupt acknowledgment signal. It is
active LOW.

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What is NMI?
Non-Maskable Interrupt
Answer:

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In a multiprocessor system all other processors are informed through this signal that they
should not ask the CPU for relinquishing the bus control.

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What is ISR?

interrupt service routine

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A18 is multiplexed with interrupt status S5

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immediate add
In Answer , the operand is specified in the instruction itself.

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The Intel 8086 has two hardware interrupt pins

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It handles all arithmetic and logical operations. Such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, AND, OR, NOT operations.
ALU
Answer:

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The 8086 microprocessors have 2 addressing modes.

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It is used by the processor to handle emergency conditions.

NMI
Answer:

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Interrupt
Answer is a process of creating a temporary halt during program execution and
allows peripheral devices to access the microprocessor.

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The 8086 can handle up to 256, hardware and software interrupts.

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Stack segment holds addresses and data of subroutines. It also holds the contents of registers
and memory locations given in PULL instruction.

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The data, variables and constants given in the program are held in the data segment of the
memory.

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The 8085 can handle up to 256, hardware and software interrupts.
Select one:
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There are two operating modes of operation for Intel 8086, namely the minimum mode and
the maximum mode.

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There are two operating modes of operation for Intel 8085, namely the minimum mode and
the maximum mode.

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When another device in microcomputer system wants to use the address and data bus, it sends
HOLD request to CPU through this pin. It is an active LOW signal.

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When EU executes instructions, the BIU gets 6-bytes of the next instruction and stores them in
the instruction queue and this process is known as instruction pre fetch. This process decreases
the speed of the processor.

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NMI is a single Non-Maskable Interrupt having lower priority than the maskable interrupt.

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What is BIU?
Bus Interface Unit
Answer:

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A18 is multiplexed with interrupt status S6

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In a multiprocessor system 8086 operates in the Minimum mode.

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FINALS QUIZ 1
Loads a word from the specified memory locations into the specified register. It also loads a
word from next two memory locations into ES register.
LES
Answer:

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Signed 8-bit or 16-bit multiplication.
IMUL
Answer:

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Signed 8-bit or 16-bit division.

IDIV
Answer:

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Decrement register or memory by 1.
DEC
Answer:

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Pushes (sends, writes or moves) the content of a specified register or memory location(s) onto
the top of the stack.
PUSH
Answer:

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Instructions of this group perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, increment,
decrement, comparison, ASCII and decimal adjustment etc.

Arithmetic Instructions
Answer:

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Stores the content of AH register into low order bits of the flags register.
SAHF
Answer:

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Loads a word from the specified memory locations into specified register. It also loads a word
from the next two memory locations into DS register.
LDS
Answer:

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Loads offset address into the specified register.

LEA
Answer:

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Reads a byte from the lookup table.
XLAT/XLATB
Answer:

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Pops (reads) two bytes from the top of the stack and keeps them in the flag register.
POPF
Answer:

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Unsigned 8-bit or 16-bit division.

DIV
Answer:

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Moves data from register to register, register to memory, memory to register, memory to
accumulator, accumulator to memory, etc.
MOV
Answer:

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Loads low order 8-bits of the flag register into AH register.
LAHF
Answer:

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Pops (reads) two bytes from the top of the stack and keeps them in a specified register, or
memory location(s).

POP
Answer:

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Exchanges the contents of the 16-bit or 8-bit specified register with the contents of AX register,
specified register or memory locations.
XCHG
Answer:

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Unsigned 8-bit or 16-bit multiplication.
MUL
Answer:

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Transfers data from accumulator or AL or AX register to an I/O port identified by the second
byte of the instruction.

OUT
Answer:

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Transfers data from a port to the accumulator or AX, DX or AL register.
IN
Answer:

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Increment Register or memory by 1.
INC
Answer:
FINALS QUIZ 2
Instruction of this group perform logical AND, OR, XOR, NOT and TEST operations
Logical Instructions
Answer:

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Obtains 2's complement (i.e. negative) of the content of an 8-bit or 16-bit specified register or
memory location(s).
NEG
Answer:

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What is AAA?
ASCII Adjust for Addition
Answer:

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Rotate all bits of the operand left by specified number of bits through carry flag.
 RCL
Answer:

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What is DAA?
Decimal Adjust after BCD Addition
Answer:

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Convert signed Byte to signed Word.
CBW
Answer:

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Shift each bit of operand right by specified number of bits and put zero in MSB position.
SHR
Answer:

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What is AAS?

ASCII Adjust for Subtraction

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Instructions of this group transfer program execution from the normal sequence of instructions
to the specified destination or target.
Branch Instructions
Answer:

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Compare Immediate data, register or memory with accumulator, register or memory location(s).
CMP
Answer:

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Branch Instructions is also called?

program execution transfer instruction

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What is AAD?
Adjust AX Register for Division
Answer:

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What is AAM?
Adjust result of BCD Multiplication
Answer:

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Rotate all bits of the operand right by specified number of bits through carry flag.

RCR
Answer:

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It is also called program execution transfer instruction.
Branch Instructions
Answer:

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Rotate all bits of the operand right by specified number of bits.
ROR
Answer:

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Rotate all bits of the operand left by specified number of bits.

ROL
Answer:

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Shift each bit of any operand right by specified number of bits. Copy old MSB into new MSB
SAR
Answer:

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What is DAS?
Decimal Adjust after BCD Subtraction
Answer:

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Convert signed Word to signed Doubleword.

CWD
Answer:

FINALS
This instruction resets the interrupt flag IF to 0.
Clear Interrupt Flag
Answer:

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Microprocess
Answer is the heart of computer system.

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Features of 8087 numeric data processor
o It supports different data types like integer, float, and real types ranging from 2-10 bytes.
o It follows IEEE floating point standards.
o The processing speed is so slow.

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8253/54 Operational Mode 4:
Softw are Triggered Strobe
Answer:

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Interrupt
Answer is a process of creating a temporary halt main program and pass the control
to the external sources and execute their task and then passes the control to the main program
where it held left off.

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8087 numeric data
Answer is also known as Math Co-Processor, Floating point unit or Numeric
processor extension.

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As the LOW to HIGH transition of the GATE input causes triggering, this mode is referred to
as hardware triggered strobe.

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Microprocessors are Easy to replace.

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Question 9
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8253/54 Operational Mode 3:
Square Wave Generation
Answer:

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Microprocessors are mainly used in personal computers.

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8253/54 Operational Mode 1:
Programmable One-Shot
Answer:

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8253/54 can be operated in 7 different modes

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A microcomputer made on a single semiconductor chip is called single-chip microcomputer.
Since, single chip microcomputers are generally used in control applications, they are also
microcontrolle
called Answer

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8253/54 Operational Mode 0:
Interrupt on Terminal Count
Answer:

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Programmable s
Answer is used to shift the operands during the execution of instructions like FMUL
and FDIV

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This instruction resets the interrupt flag IF to 0.
Clear Interrupt Flag
Answer:

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The data types supported by Intel 8087 are:
o Binary integers
o Packed decimal numbers
o Really numbers
o Temporary real format

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 True
False

Question 18
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Once CPU recognizes ESC code, it triggers the execution of the numeric processor instruction in
8087.

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Microcode control
Answer generates control signals required for execution of the instruction.

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 Question text
Multiprocessor
Answer is the set of multiple processors that executes instructions simultaneously.

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Microcontrollers is used to execute a single task within an application.

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A loosely coupled multiprocessor configuration consists of the number of modules of the
microprocessor based systems, which are connected through a common system bus.

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Memory space is used to provide the connection between independent processor and host
processor.

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Closely coupled configuration is exactly similar to the coprocessor configuration. Like
coprocessor, it also shares the same memory, I/O system bus, and control logic and control
generator with the host processor.

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 Question text
What is NEU?

Numeric Extension Unit

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This instruction resets the carry flag CF to 0.
Clear Carry Flag
Answer:

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RESET is an active low signal.

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 Control Unit
Answer is responsible for all the communication between the processor and the
memory such as it reads and writes memory operands, receives and decodes instructions,
maintains parallel queue, etc.

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It is a specially designed circuit on microprocessor chip used to reduce the work load of the
main processor.
coprocessor
Answer:

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peripherals
To communicate with the outside world microcomputers use Answer

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Peripherals are connected to the microcomputer through electronic circuits known as interfacing
circuits.
Select one:
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The 8051 contains Boolean processor, full duplex serial port and power saving circuitry in
addition to essential components such as 8-bit CPU, RAM, ROM/EPROM/OTPROM,
timer/counter and parallel I/O lines.

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programmabl
A Answer is used in real time application for timing and counting function such as
BCD/binary counting, generation of accurate time delay, generation of square wave of desired
frequency, rate generation, hardware/software triggered strobe signal, one shot signal of
desired width etc.
Question 34
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8253/54 Operational Mode 2:
RATE Generator
Answer:

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Microprocessors is used to execute a single task within an application.

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There are basically four configurations of multiprocessor.

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Question 37
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8087 architecture is divided into two group i.e.
o Control Unit (CU)
o Numeric Extension Unit (NEU)

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The Intel 8255 is a programmable peripheral interface

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 Question text
This instruction resets the direction flag DF to 0.

CLD
Answer:

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The 8253 is 24-pin IC and operates at 5 Vd.c.. It contains two independent 16-bit counters.

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The Intel 8255 is not a programmable peripheral interface

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 Question text
Microcontroller Power consumption is high.

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As the HIGH to LOW transition of the GATE input causes triggering, this mode is referred to
as hardware triggered strobe.

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True
False

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What is PPI?
Programmable Peripheral interface
Answer:

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Microprocessors I/O and memory present internally, the circuit is small.

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A low priority interrupt can be interrupted by a high priority interrupt, but it cannot be
interrupted by another low priority interrupt

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Named as external Access Enable Pin (EA). It is used to enable or disable the external memory
interfacing.

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True
 False

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8253/54 Operational Mode 5:
Hardw are Triggered Strobe
Answer:

Question 49
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Most of the microcontrollers have power saving mode.

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True
False

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The data types supported by Intel 8087 are:
o Binary integers
o Packed decimal numbers
o Real numbers
o Temporary real format

Select one:
True
False