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Lesson 13 All About Negative Sentences

This document provides instructions on how to make negative sentences in Korean. It discusses three grammar points for negation - "To Not ...", "Do Not ...", and "Cannot ...". For "To Not...", it explains using "안" or "~지 않다" and the rules for using each. For "Do Not...", it discusses using "~지 말다" to order others. For "Cannot...", it outlines using "~(으)ᄅ 수 없다", "못", or "~지 못하다" and when each is appropriate. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each grammar point.

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39 views5 pages

Lesson 13 All About Negative Sentences

This document provides instructions on how to make negative sentences in Korean. It discusses three grammar points for negation - "To Not ...", "Do Not ...", and "Cannot ...". For "To Not...", it explains using "안" or "~지 않다" and the rules for using each. For "Do Not...", it discusses using "~지 말다" to order others. For "Cannot...", it outlines using "~(으)ᄅ 수 없다", "못", or "~지 못하다" and when each is appropriate. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each grammar point.

Uploaded by

Chica con cara de gato
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 13; All About Negative Sentences

In this lesson we are going to learn about new grammar points, so after this lesson you will know
how to make negative sentences. These grammar points are To Not …, Do Not … and Cannot ….

Vocabulary
모르다 to not know 시발 fuck
알다 to know 죽다 to die
한자 Chinese characters 살다 to live
하다 to do 오늘 today
가다 to go 친구 friend
자다 to sleep 만나다 to meet
공부 study 여행 travel
공부하다 to study 일하다 to work
후회하다 to regret 내일 tomorrow
숙제 homework 정말 really
한국어 Korean
수학 math
학교 school
보다 to see
바쁘다 to be busy
괴곱히다 to bother
다이어리 diary
제발 please
떠나다 to leave
고백하다 to confess
완전 totally
어색하다 to be awkward
게으르다 to be lazy
일 work, day
좀 a little, please
축구 soccer
그래 yes (informal speech)

To Not …
There are two ways to make a negative sentence. That is with the grammar points 안 and ~지 않다.
The difference between the two is that 안 is often more used in casual settings and ~지 않다 is
more used in formal settings. But under many situations you can use them interchangeably.
Especially in casual settings you can use them both.

How to use these grammar points?


- You use 안 in front of the verb and conjugate the verb to the desired tense.
- You use ~지 않다 after the verb stem and conjugate 않다 to the desired tense.

But there’s a catch to 안.


1. this point can’t be used if the verb has it’s own negative form. For example; 모르다 is the negative
form of 알다.
2. this point can only be used with pure Korean verbs, which means they are not from Sino-Korean
(Chinese).

So, how do you know if it’s pure Korean or Sino Korean? There are a few tricks to know when it’s
either one.

It’s Sino Korean if;


- In the dictionary there’s 한자 (Chinese characters) next to the word.

It’s pure Korean if;


- The verb only has two syllables, for example in 하다, 자다, 가다 etc.
- The verb doesn’t end in 하다.

It doesn’t mean that verbs ending in 하다 are automatically all Sino Korean, but if it doesn’t end in
하다 then it’s definitely pure Korean. And even though you can’t use 안 with Sino Korean, there is a
way you can. This is by separating the Sino Korean word and 하다.
For example; 공부하다 is made out of Sino Korean and pure Korean. The Sino Korean part is 공부
(study) and the pure Korean part is 하다 (to do).
This way, you can separate the two words and put 안 directly before 하다.
There are some verbs that end in 하다 which are pure Korean verbs. You can’t separate these verbs
like you would do with Sino Korean. So, make sure that the word is made out of a Sino Korean word +
하다.
Let’s look at some examples;
안 해요.
I am not doing it.

가지 않아요.
I am not going.

후회 안 했어요.
I did not regret it.

지금 자지 않을 거예요.
I am not going to sleep now.

숙제를 하지 않아요.
I am not doing my homework.

한국어를 밖에 공부를 안 해요.


I only study Korean.

수학을 공부하지 않아요.


I am not studying maths.

학교에 가지 않았어요.
I didn’t go to school.

보고 싶지 않아요.
I don’t want to see it.
Do Not …
You can order others to not do something by using ~지 말다. You wouldn’t tell people who are older
or deserve to be respected to “not do something”. This grammar point is more often used when
you’re talking to kids or friends.
You can add the form ~(으)세요 to this grammar point to make it more polite. It then becomes ~지
마세요 (please, do not …).

How to use this grammar point?


- You add ~지 말다 directly to the verb stem.

Let’s look at some examples;


가지 마세요.
Please, don’t go.

저는 바쁜데 괴롭히지 마요.


I am busy, don’t bother me.

제 다이어리를 읽지 마요.
Do not read my diary.

제발 저를 떠나지 마세요.
Please, don’t leave me.

저한테 고백하지 마요 완전 어색하잖아요.


Don’t confess to me. It’s really awkward, you know.

게으르지 말고 일 좀 하세요!
Don’t be lazy and get some work done!
Cannot …
There are three ways to say you cannot do something. If you want to say that you can’t do
something, you use the grammar points ~(으)ᄅᅠ 수 없다, 못 or ~지 못하다. These last two
grammar points are used exactly the same as 안 and ~지 않다.
All three grammar points can be used interchangeably, but ~(으)ᄅᅠ 수 없다 is slightly more
formal than 못 and ~지 못하다.

How to use these grammar points?


- You use 못 in front of the verb and conjugate the verb to the desired tense.
- You use ~지 못하다 after the verb stem and conjugate 못하다 to the desired tense.
- If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you use ~을 수 없다.
- If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you use ~ᄅᅠ수 없다.

The same rules about pure Korean verbs that we just learned for 안 count for 못 too; it can only be
used with pure Korean verbs, which means they are not from Sino-Korean (Chinese). If you forgot
how to know whether it’s Sino Korean or pure Korean, read the explanation for 안 again.

Let’s look at some examples;


할 수 없어요.
I can’t do it/I am unable to do it.

저는 축구를 못 해요.
As for me, I can’t play soccer/I am bad at playing soccer.

그래 시발 죽지 못해서 살아.
Yeah, fuck, I live because I can’t die.

오늘 제 친구를 만나지 못했어요.


I can’t meet up with my friends today.

여행을 할 거니까 일할 수 없을 거예요.


I can’t work, because I am going to travel.

내일 정말 바빠서 가지 못할 거예요.
I will be very busy tomorrow, so I can’t go.

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