After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

1. discuss the importance of digital representation of information stored in a

digital binary format;
2. convert decimal numbers to binary;
3. Appreciate the importance of binary system.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. It uses a string of bits to represent each character on the keyboard.

a. BYTE c. ASCII
b. BIT d. BINARY
2. It is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data.
a. BYTE c. ASCII
b. BIT d. BINARY
3. Which of the following believed that binary numbers were symbolic of the
Christian idea of “creation out of nothing.”?
a. Charles Babbage
b. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
c. George Boole
d. Claude Shannon
4. Which of the following is the correct representation of 172 in binary.
a. 1010 1100 c. 1100 0000
b. 1010 1010 d. 1011 0000
5. Which of the following IP addresses contains the binary number 1100 0000?
a. 10.102.10.2 c. 192.168.1.1
b. 172.16.28.1 d. 127.0.0.1

• On our last module, we have learned that in the early days of the IP protocol,
there were only three subnet masks that could possibly be assigned to a
particular workstation. There was a class A, class B and class C subnet
mask. The subnet mask for a class A network is 255.0.0.0. It also means
that there are 8 bits available for the network address and 24 bits available
for hosts on that network.
 • To find the network address, we set all the host bits to zero. To find the first
available host on the subnet, we add one to the value of network address.
• To find the broadcast address, we set all the host bits to ones. And last, to
find the last available host on the subnet, we subtract one to the value of
broadcast address.

INTRODUCTION
What language you often use to talk with somebody? How do you
communicate with your friends? You may say that you are using English as your
language or maybe you use Tagalog when communicating with your friends.
However, can you imagine a world without language? Have you ever experience
talking to someone who is using a language different from yours?
Language is the most important element in any communication. The same
applies in our computer. How do you think computer interact with its user? Is
there any particular language used by the computer to communicate?
In this module, we are going to discuss about the binary system.

BINARY
A system for representing things by combinations of two symbols, such as
one (1) and zero (0), true or false, or the presence or absence of voltage. A Binary
number system is a number system that uses two as its base and expresses
numbers as strings of zeros and ones

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The modern binary system was studied in Europe in the 16 th and 17 th
century. However, systems related binary numbers have appeared earlier in
multiple cultures including Egypt, China and India.
One of them is Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s who
work on centuries of technological innovation. Leibniz
own influences includes Chinese philosophy and
divination.
The Indian scholar developed a binary system in
the form of short and long syllables making it similar to
Morse code.
 In China, the binary notation in the Ching is used to interpret its quaternary
divination technique. It is based on Taoism duality of yin and yang.
Leibniz’s system uses 0 and 1, like the modern binary system. He interpreted
the hexagrams of the Ching as evidence of binary calculus. He believed that binary
numbers were symbolic of the Christian idea of “creation out of nothing.”
George Boole on the other hand published a paper detailing an algebraic
system of logic. In the 19th century, a British Mathematician invents the system
of symbolic logic call Boolean algebra. His work becomes an instrument in the
design of digital electronic circuitry.
While Claude Shannon bridges the gap between algebraic theory and
practical application. He Implemented Boolean algebra and binary arithmetic
using electronic relays and switches for the first time in history. He also founded
the practical digital design.

DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Information is represented and stored in a digital binary format and the term
bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data. A
bit can only have two possible values. Humans interpret words and pictures while
computers interpret only patterns of bits. A bit can be used to represent the state
of something that has two states. For example, a light switch can be either On or
Off; in binary representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0,
respectively. Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters,
numbers and special characters with bits.

A commonly used code is the American Code for Information Interchange

(ASCII).
It uses a string of bits to represent each
character on the keyboard. For examples the
capital letter A is equal to 01000001. Each
group of 8 bits is know as byte.
CONVERSION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY
You often see an IPv4 address like 192.168.1.1 on a computer network and
thought that computers can really understand those numbers. However, the
computers cannot understand the number 192.168.1.1, it needs to be translated
to something that a computer can understand which is the series of ones and
zeros.
Let us use the first octet 192 and convert it to binary. Here are the steps in
converting decimal numbers to binary.
Step 1. Divide the number by 2.
Step 2. Get the quotient and the remainder.

QUOTIENT REMAINDER
192 96 0

In this case, 192 divided by 2 is 96. Remainder is 0.

Step 3. Bring down the quotient.

QUOTIENT REMAINDER
192 96 0
96

Step 4. Divide it by 2
Step 5. Get the quotient and remainder again.

QUOTIENT REMAINDER
192 96 0
96 48 0

In this case, 96 divided by 2 is 48. Remainder is 0.

Step 6. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to zero.

QUOTIENT REMAINDER
192 96 0
96 48 0
48 24 0
24 12 0
12 6 0
6 3 0
3 1 1
1 0 1
 Step 7. Copy the remainder from bottom to top.

QUOTIENT REMAINDER
192 96 0
96 48 0
48 24 0
24 12 0
12 6 0
6 3 0
3 1 1
1 0 1

Step 8. Result is the converted decimal to binary.

Therefore the converted decimal number 192 is equal to 1100 0000.

CONVERSION OF BINARY TO DECIMAL NUMBERS

Now to check if your answer is correct, let us learn to convert a binary
number back to decimal. For this process, you need to memorize these numbers
by order.

It is like the capacity of your flash drive in the market. It starts with 1GB
followed by 2GB. Then, there is no 3 GB flash drive so we will skip to 4GB. Then
we do not have 5,6,7 GB either so we will skip to 8GB. Then no 9,10,11,12,13 GB
and so on.
You may also memorize these by raising the power of 2 from zero to seven.
2º = 1 (Any number raise to zero is equal to one)
2¹ = 2
2² = 4
2³ = 2x2x2 = 8
2 = 2x2x2x2 = 16
2 = 2x2x2x2x2 = 32
26 = 2x2x2x2x2x2 = 64
2 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 128
 Let us now convert 1100 0000 to decimal and check if our answer is correct.
Here are the steps in converting binary to decimal.
Step 1. Use the table we have and place all the binary.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Step 2. Get all the values that corresponds to one and add it up.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

In this case, 128 plus 64 is equal to 192. Therefore, our answer is correct.

DIRECTION: Convert the following numbers to binary.

BINARY
65
75
100
201
80

A system for representing things by combinations of two symbols, such as

one (1) and zero (0), true or false, or the presence or absence of voltage. A Binary
number system is a number system that uses two as its base and expresses
numbers as strings of zeros and ones
Information is represented and stored in a digital binary format and the term
bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data. A bit
can only have two possible values.
 Humans interpret words and pictures while computers interpret only patterns
of bits. A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two states.
For example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in binary representation, these
states would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively. Computers use binary codes to
represent and interpret letters, numbers and special characters with bits.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Write your answer in two to
three sentences each number.

1. List down the steps in converting decimal number to binary?

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Cite a situation in which you can apply the knowledge about binary system.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. It uses a string of bits to represent each character on the keyboard.

a. BYTE c. ASCII
b. BIT d. BINARY
2. It is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data.
a. BYTE c. ASCII
b. BIT d. BINARY
3. Which of the following believed that binary numbers were symbolic of the
Christian idea of “creation out of nothing.”?
a. Charles Babbage c. George Boole
b. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz d. Claude Shannon
4. Which of the following is the correct representation of 172 in binary.
a. 1010 1100 c. 1100 0000
b. 1010 1010 d. 1011 0000
5. Which of the following IP addresses contains the binary number 1100 0000?
a. 10.102.10.2 c. 192.168.1.1
b. 172.16.28.1 d. 127.0.0.1