Sampling
Sampling
Statistical Section
Public Health Department
Cairo University
Research Question
(What is the problem?)
Phase I:
Goal (broad & main objective) Planning
Specific Objectives (precise &
concise)
Protocol
Writing Study Design
Process (How are we going to work?)
(All the 4
research
Sampling
phases
(Target population, size & technique)
Should
be considered
) Study Tools &Variables
(Clear definitions and Valid standardized
tools)
Ethical Considerations
(Informed consent)
Phase II:
Field Work & Data Collection Implementatio
(Quality Control & Monitoring) n
Phase IV:
Writing Up Communicatin
(Publication and presentation) g Results
Research Question
(What is the problem?)
Phase I:
Goal (broad & main objective) Planning
Specific Objectives (precise &
concise)
Protocol
Writing Study Design
Process (How are we going to work?)
(All the 4
research
phases Sampling
Should )
be considered
) Study Tools &Variables
(Clear definitions and Valid standardized
tools)
Ethical Considerations
(Informed consent)
Phase II:
Field Work & Data Collection Implementatio
(Quality Control & Monitoring) n
Phase IV:
Writing Up Communicatin
(Publication and presentation) g Results
Study population
Randomization
• All units must be known and made available for
sampling
• All units must have an equal chance to appear in
the sample.
UNITS
Healthy
Frank Disease
Early Disease
Difficult detection
POPULATION
UNITS
Healthy
Sample 2
POPULATION
Types of random sample
Stratified Multistag
Random e
Systematic
Random
Random
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE-1
➢ Methods used
• Lottery method
• Dice
• Advantage:
1. Easy & Simple
2. Reasonable to generalize the result to
population
• Disadvantage:
1. Not suitable for large population
2. No good representation of sub groups
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM-2
SAMPLING
▪Governorates (27)
▪Cities
▪Villages
▪Schools
▪Houses
Sampled
Clusters
POPULATION
CLUSTER (Area) RANDOM
SAMPLING
• Advantage
1. Easy, simple
2. Convenient
• Disadvantage
1. May be no representation of subgroups
STRATIFIED RANDOM-4|
SAMPLING
Strata – is a group of people who
share a common characteristic.
Males
POPULATION
Random Ordering
19
14
4
Stratification
19
Stratum 2
Females
14
9
Stratum 1
Males
4
Multistage random sample
Probability
Non probability
(random)
Cluster
Simple Rando
Random m
Stratified Multistag
Random e
Systematic
Random
Random
Non-Probability samples