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04 - Modulation and Coding Techniques - Frequency Shift Keying

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is a form of digital modulation where the frequency of the carrier signal is shifted according to the input data. FSK was commonly used with mechanical teleprinters in the early 1900s and for call signaling in 2G cellular networks. There are several variants of FSK including minimum-shift keying, Gaussian minimum-shift keying, and continuous-phase frequency-shift keying. FSK transmitters and receivers use oscillators to shift the carrier frequency and filters to detect the mark and space frequencies. The bit rate, baud rate, and bandwidth of FSK signals are related concepts defined using Bessel functions.

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Col. Jerome Carlo Magmanlac, ACP
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88 views24 pages

04 - Modulation and Coding Techniques - Frequency Shift Keying

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is a form of digital modulation where the frequency of the carrier signal is shifted according to the input data. FSK was commonly used with mechanical teleprinters in the early 1900s and for call signaling in 2G cellular networks. There are several variants of FSK including minimum-shift keying, Gaussian minimum-shift keying, and continuous-phase frequency-shift keying. FSK transmitters and receivers use oscillators to shift the carrier frequency and filters to detect the mark and space frequencies. The bit rate, baud rate, and bandwidth of FSK signals are related concepts defined using Bessel functions.

Uploaded by

Col. Jerome Carlo Magmanlac, ACP
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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04

FSK
Frequency Shift Keying
• simple, low-performance
• A form of constant-amplitude angle
modulation similar to standard FM
except….?
• Also known as binary FSK (BFSK)
History of FSK
- or use with mechanical teleprinters in the mid-1900s
- During the 1970s, engineers began to develop modems that ran at faster
speeds, and the quest for ever-greater bandwidth continues.
- second-generation cellular technologies used FSK for call signaling purposes

digital transport innovations, leading to several spectrum modulation variants,


including:

1. Minimum-shift keying
2. Gaussian minimum-shift keying
3. Audio frequency-shift keying
4. Continuous-phase frequency
Frequency Shift Keying
What are the
applications?
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

Frequency Shift Keying


Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

Frequency Shift Keying


Mark and Space Frequency

Frequency Shift Keying


Frequency Shift Keying
Frequency Shift Keying
FSK Bit Rate, Baud, and Bandwidth

Frequency Shift Keying


FSK Bit Rate, Baud, and Bandwidth

Frequency Shift Keying


FSK Bit Rate, Baud, and Bandwidth

Frequency Shift Keying


FSK Bit Rate, Baud, and Bandwidth
Bessel Functions can be also used
in determining the bandwidth of an
FSK wave.

Frequency Shift Keying


h-Factor
The worst-case modulation index
(deviation ratio) is that which yields
the widest band-width. The worst-
case or widest bandwidth occurs
when both the frequency deviation
and the modulating-signal
frequency are at their maximum
values.

Frequency Shift Keying


h-Factor

Frequency Shift Keying


h-Factor

Frequency Shift Keying


h-Factor

Frequency Shift Keying


FSK Transmitter
Block diagram of a typical FSK Modulator

Frequency Shift Keying


FSK Transmitter

Frequency Shift Keying


FSK Receiver
FSK Receiver
FSK Receiver
Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying

(CP-FSK) is binary FSK except the mark and space frequencies are
synchronized with the input binary bit rate.

- smooth phase transition in the analog output signal


Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying

CP-FSK has a better bit-error performance, but


- requires synchronization circuits
- more expensive to implement.

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