डा.

बी आर अम्बेद्कर भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान जालंधर

Dr B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR
उपकरणीय व गनयंत्रन अगभयांगत्रकी गवभाि
DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING
Tutorial -2
Date: 01 Feb 2023
Subject: Modern Control System (ICPC-306)
Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
Course Coordinator: Dr. Mahendra Kumar

Topic to be covered: Transfer matrix, Transfer Function from the state equation, Eigem Values, State
Transition Matrix, Properties of State Transition Matrix, Realization of State Models
from the transfer function: Controllable Canonical Form; Observable Canonical
Form; Diagonal Canonical Form; Jordan Canonical Form with their state diagram
realization;

Theory basic Problems:

1. Define Transfer matrix and derive an expression for it.
2. Difference between transfer matrix and transfer function.
3. Define Eigen Value. What is significance?
4. What is a state transition matrix? Explain.
d At
5. Show that e  Ae At  e At A
dt
t

e
A
6. Evaluate d
0

7. What is meant by canonical form of state model? Why it is required?

8. List a few canonical form of state model.
9. What are the features of a controllable canonical form of state model?
10. What are the features of an observable canonical form of state model?
11. What are the features of a diagonal canonical form of state model?
12. What are the advantage of a diagonal canonical form of state model?
13. What are the features of a Jordan canonical form of state model?
14. Explain the method of cascade realization for obtaining a state model.
15. Give a state diagram of a system, explain the method of writing down its state model.
16. Given a block diagram of a system, explain the method of obtaining its state model.
17. List the properties of STM.
18. Discuss the method of obtaining state transition matric using its properties.

Numerical Problems: (Level-1)

1. A system is represented by the state equation as
    1 1   x  1  1  r 
 x1       
1
 
1

 x   0  2  x 2  0 1  r2 
 2
 y1  1 0   x1 
 y   1  1  x 
 2   2 
 डा. बी आर अम्बेद्कर भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान जालंधर
Dr B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR
उपकरणीय व गनयंत्रन अगभयांगत्रकी गवभाि
DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING
Derive the transfer matrix.
2. For a linear time-invariant system, the system matrix is
0 1
A 
 2  3
Determine the characteristic equation and the Eigen values.
d 
3. Show that e At  Ae At and evaluate  (0).
dt
0 1 
4. For the system matrix of A    , determine the state transition matrix and show that  (0)  A.
 2  3
5. The state equation for a system is
  1 0  1
X   X    r (t )
 0  2 1
Find the resolvent matrix and the state transition matrix.
6. The state equation for a system is
  2 1  1
X   X    r (t )
 0  2 1
Find the state transition matrix.
7. For the given system matrix, determine the state transition matrix.

 2 1 0

A   0  2 0 
 0 0  3
8. For the state variable description of a system given by
  1 0  1
X   X    r (t )
 0  2 0
Y (t )  1 1X
9. A state model for an LTI system is given by
 0 1 1
X   X    r (t )
  5  2 6 
Y (t )  1 1X
Determine the (a) characteristics equation, (b) Eigen Values, (c) State transition matrix and (d)
transfer function.
10. Draw the state diagram and find the state transition matrix and the transfer function and the transfer
function of a system represented by the state model
0 2 1  0 

X   0  2 2  X  0 r
 
 1  1  4 2
y (t )  1 0 0X
11. A system matrix for a linear time-invariant system is given as
 डा. बी आर अम्बेद्कर भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान जालंधर
Dr B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR
उपकरणीय व गनयंत्रन अगभयांगत्रकी गवभाि
DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING
 1 1
A 
 0 3
Determine the state transition matrix using its properties.
12. The transfer function of a dynamic system is
Y ( s) 2s  5
 2
R( s) s  7 s  10
Obtain the state model in the controllable canonical form.
13. The transfer function of a dynamic system is
Y (s) 10 (s 2  4s  8)

R(s) s 3  7s 2  10 s
Derive the state model in controllable canonical form.
14. Derive the state model in its controllable canonical form for a system with transfer function
Y ( s) 5s 2  14 s  8)
 3
R( s) s  9s 2  23s  15
15. The transfer function of a dynamic system is
Y ( s) 2s  5
 2
R( s) s  7 s  10
Obtain the state model in the observable canonical form.

16. Derive the state model in its observable canonical form for a system with transfer function
Y ( s) 5s 2  14 s  8)
 3
R( s) s  9s 2  23s  15
17. The transfer function of a dynamic system is
Y ( s) 2s  5
 2
R( s) s  7 s  10
Obtain the state model in the diagonal canonical form.
18. Derive the state model in its diagonal canonical form for a system with transfer function
Y ( s) 5s 2  14 s  8)
 3
R( s) s  9s 2  23s  15
19. The transfer function of a system is
Y (s) 2s  5

R( s ) ( s  1) 2
Obtain a state model in the Jordan canonical form and draw the state diagram.
20. Obtain the state model in the Jordan canonical form for a system transfer function
Y ( s) 2( s 2  2s  3)

R( s) ( s  1) 2 ( s  3)
Also draw the state diagram.
21. For a system of order six, the six eigen values are s  1 repeated thrice, s  2 repeated twice and
s  3 . Write down the state equation in its Jordan Canonical form and comment on the structure of
the state equation.
 डा. बी आर अम्बेद्कर भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान जालंधर
Dr B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR
उपकरणीय व गनयंत्रन अगभयांगत्रकी गवभाि
DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING
22. Obtain the state model in the Jordan canonical form for a system transfer function
Y (s) 16

R ( s ) ( s  1) ( s  3)( s  5)
2

Also draw the state diagram.

23. The transfer function of a second order system is given by

Y ( s) k ( s  b)

R( s ) ( s  a1 )( s  a 2 )

Obtain a state model by cascade realization.

24. The transfer function of a second order system is given by

Y ( s) k ( s  b)

R( s ) ( s  a1 )( s  a 2 )

Obtain an alternate state model by cascade realization.

25. The transfer function of a second order system is given by

Y ( s) 5( s  3)

R( s) s( s  1)( s  5)

Obtain a state model by cascade realization.