INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMIC MODELING

(ASPEN HYSYS)

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Octagon Management & Engineering Solutions
(OMESOL Global)
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M. U. A’lee
Sr. Process Design Consultant

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 DYNAMIC SIMULATION
• It is an extension of steady-state process simulation
whereby time dependence is built into the model.
• It requires increased calculation time and is
mathematically more complex than a steady state
simulation.
• For process design, it is used for operator training and
optimum process control.
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• It is used to study the response of the process to
sudden changes in operating conditions.
• In dynamic process design simulators, the key
operating conditions are maintained using simple PID
(Proportional, Integral and Derivative) controllers.

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Uses Of Simulation For Process Design
• Generate heat and material balance for the
facility
• Generate process flow diagrams
• Perform equipment sizing calculations
• Perform line sizing calculations
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• Perform instrument sizing calculations
• Generate process datasheets / specification
for equipment and instruments

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Steady State Model Example

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Flow Sheet Process Parameters

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 Dynamic Simulation

• Dynamic modeling of process simulations is vital to

plant design and operation. Although there are many
scenarios in which steady state modeling is sufficient,
accuracy can be significantly improved by accounting
for a system’s dynamic response to changes.
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• Additionally, dynamic simulation is necessary to model
a variety of scenarios including (but not limited to):
Plant startup
Plant shutdown
Reactor runaway
Pressure relief

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 Dynamic Simulation
Aspen HYSYS Dynamics allows users to easily convert steady
state Aspen HYSYS simulations into powerful dynamic models.

The first step to dynamically simulating a process with Aspen

HYSYS is to establish a steady state model. This model will
contain all of the base inputs about the system: components,
unit operations, thermodynamics, etc. The steady state model
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must be complete and have a converged solution.

In this case study we will focus to solve complete dynamic

problems using Aspen HYSYS software by first building a
steady-state flow sheet and then performing steps to make
the transition to dynamics.

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 Important Theories
• Pressure Flow Theory
• Control Theory

Pressure gradients are the driving force for flow

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in Aspen Hysys. No pressure gradient means, No
Flow in a system.

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Steady State To Dynamic Requirements
• Equipment Sizing Detail (Example: Typical residence time for separator; For a
vapor Phase 2 Min. & For Liquid phase 10 Min.)

• Boundary Steams Analysis (Insert Valve at every boundary stream except

stream connected to conductance devices like heater, cooler etc.)

• Pressure – Flow Specification ( All boundary stream should be pressure

specific except reflux stream. Specify Pressure Flow relationship for valves)

• K-Value Estimation ( Use conductance value for all heat exchanging devices)
• Special Consideration:
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– Column ( Provide Tray sizing detail)
– Mixer (Set To equalize All Pressure)
– Rotating Equipment Like; Pump, Compressor etc. ( Insert
characteristic curve information, if no information available then choose
Power and Efficiency to model perfectly)

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 Sizing Parameters

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Boundary Streams Analysis

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 PID Controller
For most control schemes, you will primarily use proportional-
integral-derivative, or PID, controllers. As the name suggests,
these allow you to employ proportional, integral, and derivative
control. The basic PID equation is:

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• OP(t) is the controller output as a function of time
• E(t) is the error between the set point and process variable.
The controller can be tuned by adjusting the controller gain,
Kc, the integral reset, Ti, and the derivative gain, Td.

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Suggestions for initial PID tuning parameters. Note that Ti
appears in the denominator of the PID equation; thus, increasing
the integral reset Ti will actually decrease the impact of the
integral gain Kc on the controller response.

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Kc = O.P% / (ΔPV/ PV Range)

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Selection Of Operation Parameters Action
Consider process variable is the liquid level in a tank, and your output
target object is valve A, which controls the inlet. When the liquid level
falls you want the valve to open so the inlet flow will increase and raise
the tank level. This is a reverse response. If your output target object is
valve B, which controls the outlet flow, you want a direct response.
That way, when the liquid level falls the valve will close, reducing the
outlet flow rate and raising the tank level.

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 Process Control Parameters
Parameters FIC PIC LIC TIC
P.V Source To Sep, Mass Seperator, Seperator, Col Feed ,
Flow Vessel Pressure Liquid % Level Temperature
O.P Target VLV100 , VLV102, VLV101. Heater Q,
Actuator Actuator Actuator Control Valve
Action Reverse Direct Direct Reverse
P.V Min 0 kg/h 135 Kpa 0% 15 oC
P.V Max 250,000 kg/h 415 Kpa 100% 80 oC
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Auto Auto Auto Auto
OP 50%
S.P 1.1689e5 Kg/h 310 kpa 50% 50 oC
Kc 0.1 2.0 2.0 5.0
Ti 0.2 Min. 2.0 Min 10 Min. 20 Min.
*TIC Controller Min. Available 0 KJ/h Max. Available 2e7 KJ/h

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Process Control Parameters

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 Simulation Analysis

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