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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) link slab for bridge deck


Dr. Elson John1, Ciphins P. Nassar2, Elizabeth Eldhose2, Elvin Eldho2, Taniya John2

1Assosciate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mar Athanasius of College of Engineering, Kothamangalam
2Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Mar Athanasius of College of Engineering, Kothamangalam
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ABSTRACT - Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) reinforcement, water leakage, improper joint alignment,
which exhibits ultra-high tensile ductility and fine multiple joint vibration during vehicle passage etc. So, the durability
cracking meets the essential requirements of safety and of expansion joints is a major concern to bridge owners. The
serviceability in developing modern infrastructures. This maintenance cost of bridges is relatively higher than the
paper studies in detail, the defects of expansion joints in initial cost.
bridges and the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on the
properties of ECC. The flow characteristics, abrasion 3. ECC LINK SLAB CONCEPT
resistance, and density variation of various ECC mixes were
studied. ECC specimens were casted to analyze the behavior of
ECC with varied proportion of fiber in it. Results showed that
the %flow and density decreases as the fiber content increases
where as there is significant increase in the abrasion
resistance. Based on the performance of PVA-ECC, the material
specifications for the implementation of ECC Link Slab
Technology is proposed.

Key Words: ECC (Engineered cementitious composite), PVA


(Polyvinyl Alcohol) fibers, Fiber content, Link slab,
Fig -1: Conventional expansion joint design
1. INTRODUCTION

Concrete being brittle in nature is good to take up


compression whereas very weak in carrying tension. Also
the development of cracks is a major concern. Since 19th
century researchers were attempting to improve concrete
strength against cracks, fatigue and shrinkage by the
addition of steel fibers etc. but the results were not
satisfying. This led to the development of Engineered
Cementitious Composite (ECC).

1.1 Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC)


Fig -2: Link slab concept
ECC or bendable concrete is a class of improved high
performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite The unique features of ECC are exploited in this project
(HPFRCC) [1] developed by Li et al. [2-4] based on the to improve bridge deck performance, sustainability and
principle of micromechanics and fracture mechanics in Japan. durability. An ECC link slabs allow for a joint free bridge
The fiber used here for the study is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) deck, eliminating leaking problems which lead to low
fibers, since it has a high Young's modulus and greater durability while creating a smoother riding surface. These
adhesion to concrete. It is characterized by micro cracking link slabs maintain the simple span performance of bridges
behavior and high tensile strain capacity in the range 3 - 7 % while accommodating the mechanical and environmental
compared to a value of .01% for conventional concrete. These loads typically accounted for by expansion joints.
properties allow ECC to withstand tensile, flexural and shear
loads as well as to increase ductility. 4. CONSTITUTENTS OF ECC

2. JOINTS IN BRIDGES The physical and chemical properties of each ingredients


has considerable role in the desirable properties of ECC like
Expansion joints provided in multi-span bridges have a lot strength and workability. Material Specifications for
of defects such as damaged seals, accumulation of debris in Preparing ECC are given in table – 1.
the joint components, cracking of concrete, corrosion of steel

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1339
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Unlike in conventional concrete, the usage of coarse 5. CONCLUSIONS


aggregate is being eliminated in the preparation of ECC. This
is to achieve a lesser value for elastic modulus resulting in Based on the present study, the following conclusion can
more strain when it attains its compressive strength. Fine M be drawn. The addition of PVA fibers was found to greatly
sand with maximum particle size 300 µm is used in this influence the mechanical properties of ECC. As the fiber
project. The required quantity of sand is sieved through a 300 content increases the fresh matrix suffers a difficulty in
micron sieve. Moreover, higher amount of sand leads to dispersing the PVA fibers which in turn results in low
reduced ductility and toughness. Thus, the best ratio of sand workability and less homogeneity of mix. ECC is lighter when
to be used in ECC to obtain better flexural toughness and compared to plain concrete. Based on the study carried out,
ductility is 0.2. the optimum fiber content was found to be 2 % by volume.
The cracks formed in ECC specimens with no fibers under
The fiber was collected from Kuraray Co. Ltd. Japan. loading were large and jagged in tension, due to which the
Detailed fiber specifications are given in table – 3. The ECC specimens were divided in two parts. On the other hand,
mix ratios and weight of ingredients per 1 m3 are illustrated micro-cracks were generated in beams and strips having
in Table - 3. Density variations and flow values are displayed PVA fibers. ECC link slab technology proves to be the best
in table 4. in attaining crackless and continuous pavement eliminating
expansion joints.
Table -1: Material Specification
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Materials Used Specification
Cement OPC - Grade 53 The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to
Sand Particle size < 300 μm Centre for Engineering Research and Development (CERD)
Water Potable Water for the support given through student project Grants and
also to the staff of the concrete laboratory, Mar Athanasius
Super Plasticizer Water Reducing agents College of Engineering for rendering their assistance
Fiber Polyvinyl Alcohol throughout the period of this study.

Table -2: Fiber Specifications REFERENCES

Details of the fiber used - PVA REC 15/12mm [1] Naaman AE. High performance fiber reinforced cement
Diameter 40 μm composites. In: Proceedings of the IABSE symposium on
Length 12 mm concrete structures for the future, Paris, France; 1987, p.
371–6.
Tensile Strength 1560 MPa
Elongation at break 6.5 % [2] Li VC, Leung CKY. Steady state and multiple cracking of
Young’s Modulus 41 GPa short random fiber composites. J Eng Mech ASCE 1992;
188(11):2246–64.
Table -3: Mix-proportion used in ECC specimens
[3] Li VC, Stang H, Krenchel H. Micromechanics of crack
Item Quantity Remarks bridging in fiber reinforced concrete. Mater Struct
1993;26(162):486–94.
Kg/m3)
Cement (C) 820 C/C = 1 [4] Li VC. Engineered cementitious composites—tailored
Sand (S) 656 S/C = 0.8 composites through micromechanical modeling. In: Banthia
Water (W) 303.4 W/C = 0.37 N, Bentur A, Mufri A, editors. Fiber-reinforced concrete:
Super Plasticizer(SP) 3.28 (SP/C)% = 0.4 present and the future. Montreal, Canada: CanadianSociety
for Civil Engineering; 1998. p. 64–97.
Table -4: Flow characteristics and density variations of
ECC specimens with varied fiber content

Fiber content (Vf %) Density (kN/m3) Flow (%)


0 22.27 324
1.5 20 302
2 18.5 286
2.5 17.6 264

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1340

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