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    3.excretory System of Earthworm

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    arjab acharya
    The excretory system of earthworms consists of nephridia, or segmented coiled tube-like structures, that remove nitrogenous waste from the body. There are three main types of nephridia: septal nephridia which are largest and remove waste from the coelomic fluid, pharyngeal nephridia which discharge waste into the alimentary canal, and integumentary nephridia which open to the outside of the body. The nephridia transfer nitrogenous waste such as urea and ammonia to excretory ducts that discharge the waste outside of the body.

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    3.excretory System of Earthworm

    Uploaded by

    arjab acharya
    172 views2 pages
    The excretory system of earthworms consists of nephridia, or segmented coiled tube-like structures, that remove nitrogenous waste from the body. There are three main types of nephridia: septal nephridia which are largest and remove waste from the coelomic fluid, pharyngeal nephridia which discharge waste into the alimentary canal, and integumentary nephridia which open to the outside of the body. The nephridia transfer nitrogenous waste such as urea and ammonia to excretory ducts that discharge the waste outside of the body.

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    3.Excretory System of Earthworm

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    The excretory system of earthworms consists of nephridia, or segmented coiled tube-like structures, that remove nitrogenous waste from the body. There are three main types of nephridia: septal nephridia which are largest and remove waste from the coelomic fluid, pharyngeal nephridia which discharge waste into the alimentary canal, and integumentary nephridia which open to the outside of the body. The nephridia transfer nitrogenous waste such as urea and ammonia to excretory ducts that discharge the waste outside of the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    172 views2 pages

    3.excretory System of Earthworm

    Uploaded by

    arjab acharya
    The excretory system of earthworms consists of nephridia, or segmented coiled tube-like structures, that remove nitrogenous waste from the body. There are three main types of nephridia: septal nephridia which are largest and remove waste from the coelomic fluid, pharyngeal nephridia which discharge waste into the alimentary canal, and integumentary nephridia which open to the outside of the body. The nephridia transfer nitrogenous waste such as urea and ammonia to excretory ducts that discharge the waste outside of the body.

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    Excretory System of Earthworm

    Nitrogenous waste products of the body are removed out with the help of excretory organs. In
    earthworm, excretory organs or nephridia are segmentally small coiled tube like structure called
    micronephridia. These are microscopic in appearance. It is found in all segments except 1st three
    segments. The nepridia can be divided into three parts on the basis of their position. Viz, septal
    nephridia, integumentary nephridia and pharyngeal nephridia.

    1. Septal nephridia: - Septal nephridia are largest nephridia. It is attached to the body behind 15th
    segments. It consists of three main parts.
    a) Nephrostome: - The nephrostome is a large
    spherical elliptical pore surrounded by ciliated
    funnel in the coelom. The funnel or mouth is
    bounded by upper and lower ciliated lips. It is
    followed by short narrow ciliated tube called neck.
    The neck is bent itself and opens into the main
    body. The nephrostome absorbed nitrogenous
    contents of coelomic fluid due to movement of
    cilia.
    b) Body: - It is largest tubular part of the nephridia. It
    consists of short straight lobe and long spirally
    twisted lobe. The twisted loop consists of
    proximal and distal limbs. The distal limb
    communicates with straight lobe while proximal
    limb is connected with the neck and the terminal
    duct.
    c) Terminal duct: - It is a short narrow ciliated tube.
    The duct finally leads into septal excretory canal
    on the septum.
    The septal nephridia are arranged in circular rows
    around the intestine, two rows in front and two
    rows behind the septum. Each row bears 40-50
    nephridia on both sides of the septa, behind 15th
    segment. All parts of the nephridia are free in the
    coelom except the terminal duct. The terminal
    duct of nephridia opens into a pair of septal
    excretory canals and it runs along dorsal septa and
    leads into a pair of supra intestinal excretory ducts.
    It runs parallel to the intestine (above) and dorsal
    blood vessel (below). The supra intestinal ducts
    carry nitrogenous contents and it discharged into
    the lumen of gut through short ductule hence this
    type of nephridia are called Entero-nephric
    nephridia.

    2. Pharyngeal nephridia: - The pharyngeal


    nephridia are three pairs of large tufts lying in
    the segments 4rd, 5th, and 6th on either side of
    the alimentary canal. Each tuft consists of large
    number of nephridia as resemble to the septal
    nephridia in size but these are closed type ie;
    absence of nephrostome. The terminal duct
    unit to form a single large duct in each tuft of
    nephridia. The pharyngeal nephridia discharged
    nitrogenous contents into the alimentary canal
    (buccal cavity and pharynx) and also help in
    digestion hence this is called Peptonephridia.
    3. Integumentary nephridia: - These are small, V-
    shape with a short straight lobe and twisted
    loop but absence of nephrostome. They are
    attached on inner lining of the body wall in all
    segments except 1st three segments. About
    200- 250 nephridia are found in all segments
    except clitellar region where number of nephridia are about 2000- 2500. Each nephridia opens to
    outside through nephridiopores, called Exo-nephric nephridia. [forest of nephridia].

    Physiology: The nephridia are main excretory organs of earthworm. It collects nitrogenous contents from
    the body. Septal nephridia absorbed nitrogenous waste from coelomic fluid by movement of cilia of
    nephrostome and it transferred to the terminal duct from short straight lobe and distal limb. The
    excretory products are composed of 50% urea, 10% ammonia and 40% amino acid and water.
    Earthworm is ureotelic and ammonotelic animal.

    GOOD LUCK

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