4 2D shapes and 3D solids

Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.1 Area of triangles, parallelograms and trapezia

You will learn to:

T
• Derive and use the formula for the area of a triangle and a parallelogram.
• Know and use the formula for the area of a trapezium.

Fluency
Why learn this? Work out the missing numbers.
Architects and • 12 × 8 × 7 = u
Confidence

engineers need to
work out the areas
of various shapes
so that they can
design and construct
interesting buildings.

Exercise 4.1
AF
1 Work out the area of each shape.
a b

5 cm
70 mm
• 12 × 3 × 6 = u
• 7 × u = 35
• 12 (5 + 3) × 10 = u
What does perpendicular mean?

30 mm
c
Explore
What different shapes can you make from
fitting two triangles together?

30 mm
Q1c hint
Both sides need to be in the same
units.
6 cm

4 cm
Warm up

DR
2 Work out the missing side length for each shape. Q2 Literacy hint
a 6 cm b 4 cm c 6 cm Read ‘cm2’ as ‘square centimetres’.

Area Area 15 cm2

Area
30 cm2 16 cm2

3 Substitute a = 4, b = 5 and c = 2 into these expressions.

a 12  ab b 1
(c + b) × a c
2(a + b)c

4 Reasoning
a Copy these parallelograms on to centimetre squared paper.
Label them A and B.
A B

69 Topic links: Using formulae, Properties of 2D shapes

 b Find the area of each parallelogram by counting squares. Q4c hint
c Write the measurements for each parallelogram in a table like this.
The perpendicular height is the
Perpendicular height measured at right angles to
Parallelogram Base length (cm) Area (cm2)
height (cm) the base.
A perpendicular
height

d What do you notice about the relationship between the base

base length
length, perpendicular height and area of a parallelogram?

T
e Copy and complete this formula.
Area of a parallelogram = __________
5 Work out the area of each parallelogram. Key point
a b
Area of a parallelogram
4 cm 31 mm
3 cm = base length × perpendicular height
43 mm =b×h

Area
54 cm2
7 cm

AF
6 Work out the missing measurement for each shape.
a b

9 cm
cm
c
Area
19 cm2

cm

2 cm
86 mm

cm
Area
32 cm2

5 cm
= bh
The height measurement must be
perpendicular (at 90°) to the base.

Investigation
Reasoning
1 Copy this parallelogram on to squared paper.
DR
2 Calculate the area of the parallelogram.
3 Split the parallelogram in half to make two triangles.
4 What is the area of one of the triangles?
5 Complete these formulae.
• Area of a parallelogram =
• Area of a triangle =

7 Work out the area of each triangle.

Key point
a b c
10 cm Area of a triangle
6 cm 12 cm
= _2 × base length × perpendicular
60 mm 1
3 cm
height
= _2 × b × h
11 cm 1
80 mm
40 mm
= _2 bh
1

8 Work out the missing measurement for each triangle.

a b c
Q8 hint
2 cm Area Area 3 cm
8 cm2 cm 7.5 cm2 Substitute the values you know into
Area the formula
cm 9 cm2 Area = _2 bh
1
cm
3 cm Then solve the equation.

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 70

  9 Real / Problem-solving  Meena is making some bunting. Q9 Strategy hint
Each flag is a triangle of height 40 cm and base 25 cm.
Sketch the triangle.
She wants to make 12 triangles.
Work out the total area of  material that she needs.

10 Problem-solving  Draw as many right-angled triangles as you can Q10 hint

T
with an area of 12 cm2.
Use whole number lengths only.
Discussion  How will you know when you have drawn them all?
11 Reasoning  Diagram A shows a trapezium. Diagram B shows two
identical trapeziums put together.
A a B a

AF
b What new shape has been made?
Copy and complete these sentences.
h

a What letters go in the two empty boxes in diagram B?

c The length of the base of the parallelogram is u + u

d The area of the parallelogram is u × u
e The area of one trapezium is u
12 Work out the area of each trapezium.
Key point
a 4 cm
b 7m c 30 cm
Area of a trapezium = _2 (a + b)h
1
DR
5m a
4 cm 50 cm

h
0.9 m
7 cm 10 m

13 Real / Finance  Car windscreen glass costs £325 per square metre.
Work out the cost of the glass for this car windscreen.
1.3 m

0.55 m

1.5 m

14 Explore  What different shapes can you make from fitting two triangles together?
Reflect Explore

What have you learned in this lesson to help you answer this question?
What other information do you need?
15 Reflect  After this lesson, Halima says, ‘Area is length × width.’
Shazia says, ‘The area is the amount of space something takes up.’
Use what you have learned in this lesson to improve Shazia’s definition.

71 Homework, Year 8, Unit 4

 Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.2 Area of compound shapes

You will learn to:
• Calculate the area of compound shapes made from rectangles and triangles.

T
Fluency
Work out
• 1 × 2 × 3 + 1 × 4 × 3
Confidence

2 2
• 5 × 6 − 1 × 4 × 3
2
• 1 × 7 × 4 − 1 × 1 × 8 Explore
Why learn this? 2 2
How much does it cost to paint the front of

6 cm
AF
Real estate agents need to calculate areas
of floor plans when selling properties

Exercise 4.2
1 Calculate the area of these triangles.
b

3 cm
5 cm

8 cm
c

7 cm
a house?

5 cm

Warm up
8 cm 2 cm

2 Find the total area of each of these compound shapes.

DR
a b c
B: 1.5 m2
B: 22 cm 2

B: 4 m2
A: 3 m2

A: 30 cm2 A: 7 m2

3 Copy these shapes and split them into triangles and rectangles. Write
the height and width of each part.

a b 3 mm

22 mm
18 cm 15 mm
12 cm

15 cm 14 mm

Rectangle: base = u height = u

Rectangle: base = u height = u Triangle: base = u height = u
Triangle: base = u height = u
Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 72
  4 Copy and complete to find the total area of the shape.
Triangle A: base: 32 + 8 = u height: 70 – 42 = u
Area of triangle A = 12 × u × u = u A

Rectangle B: base: u height: u

Area of rectangle B = u × u = u 8 cm 70 cm

Total area = u + u = u
42 cm B
 5 Find the total area of the shapes in Q3.
 6 Calculate the area of each shape. Give the units with your answer.

T
a b 16 cm 32 cm
12 mm

4 cm
Q5 hint
5 mm 15 mm Find the area of the rectangle and
9 mm 7 cm
the triangle first, then add the areas
5 mm together.

AF
 7 Real  Samir makes stained glass windows like this.
a What is the area of the window?
Give your answer in square metres.
The stained glass costs $153 per square metre.
b What is the cost of the glass for this window?

 8 Real  This is the floor

plan of a living room.
Calculate the area of
the floor.
2.7 m
5.2 m
1.2 m
0.5 m

1.5 m
Q7a hint
Split the window into a rectangle and
a triangle.

Q8 hint
Split the shape up into two rectangles
and one triangle.

4.7 m
DR
3.4 m

 9 Problem-solving Find the missing sides of these shapes. Q9 hint

a b Try guessing different lengths to see
4 cm if they work.
5 cm b cm
Area 5 24 cm2
a cm 3 cm
Area 5 15 cm2

6 cm 7 cm

10 Problem-solving  Work out the shaded area of each shape.

a b c 3 cm
7 cm
Q10 hint
5 cm 20 mm
5 cm 3 cm 60 mm 6 cm Shaded area of area of
= −
area whole shape cut-out shape

80 mm 11 cm
73
11 Real  What is the area of plastic 20 cm
used in this shapes stencil?
3 cm
5 cm
6 cm 6 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm 7 cm
3 cm

2 cm

12 Problem-solving/reasoning
a Write an expression for the area of each of the shapes
i ii 5 cm

T
5 cm
1 cm

a cm x cm

x 1 5 cm
3 cm

i
ii
AF
b These two shapes have the same area. Find the value of x
and then find the area.
13 Real Here is the front of a house. The wall is painted, but the
door and windows are not. The windows are square and are all
the same size.
a Calculate the area of the wall
b Paint costs $10 per litre. 1 litre of paint will cover 5 m2. How
much will it cost to paint
1 m2
the front of the house?
8m
1m

1m

7m
2m
6m

Investigation

1 A kite has diagonals of length 4 cm and 6 cm.
4 cm
Split the kite into triangles and find the area.
DR
2 A rhombus has diagonals of length 5 cm each. 6 cm
Find the area.
3 A square has diagonals of length 12 cm each.
Find the area.
4 For which quadrilaterals can you use the lengths of the diagonal to find the area?
Explain why.

Explore
14 Explore  How much does it cost to paint the front of a house? What
have you learned in this lesson to help you to answer this question?
What other information do you need to know?
15 Reflect  What different strategies did you use in this lesson to find
compound areas? How did you decide which strategy to use?
Reflect

Design a shape and ask a classmate to split it up and then work out
the total area? What lengths do they need to know before they can
work out the area?

Homework, Year 8, Unit 4 Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 74

 Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.3 Properties of 3D solids

You will learn to:
• Identify nets of different 3D solids.
• Know the properties of 3D solids.

T
Fluency
What are the names of these 2D
Confidence

shapes?

Explore
Which of these shapes have parallel How could you make a 4-sided dice?
Why learn this?

now we know it’s a sphere.

Exercise 4.3
AF
People used to think the Earth was flat, but

1 Look at these solids.

sides?
Warm up

a Write the names of the solids.

b Write the names of the 2D shapes
you can see.

2 Problem-solving
a Draw each net on squared paper and cut them out.
A B C D Key point
DR
A net is a 2D shape that
folds to make a 3D solid.

b Fold them up. E F

Do any of them form a cube?
Discussion  Predict which of E and F
will form a cube.
c Draw one more net that you think
will form a cube.
Cut it out and check that it works.

75
 Worked example
Sketch a net of this cuboid. Imagine breaking the cuboid apart along its
edges.

3 cm

1 cm
4 cm

T
4 cm
1 cm 1 cm
4 cm

1 cm
3 cm

3 cm
3 cm

3 cm
AF
1 cm

3 Sketch a net for each cuboid.

4 cm

4 cm

4 cm
1 cm
3 cm

3 cm

3 cm

3 cm
1 cm Write the measurements on the net.

Q3 hint
a b c
10 mm For a sketch you should use a ruler
4 cm 0.6 m and a pencil, but you don’t need to
DR
20 mm measure the lengths accurately.
60 mm
5 cm 1 cm
0.2 m
0.3 m

4 Look at these nets.

A B C

Which one folds to make

a a triangle-based pyramid
b a cylinder
c a square-based pyramid?

Topic links: Properties of 2D shapes, Formulae, Parallel and perpendicular lines

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 76
  5 Write the number of faces, edges and vertices in this pyramid. Key point
3D solids have faces (flat surfaces),
edges (where two faces meet) and
vertices (corners).
A single corner is called a vertex.
Vertex

Edge

T
Face
 6 Problem-solving  A 3D solid has 3 rectangular and 2 triangular faces.
What could you call this solid?

Investigation
Reasoning
1 Record the number of faces (F), edges (E) and vertices (V) for each solid.

Solid
Cube

AF
Faces (F) Edges (E) Vertices (V)

2 Try to find a rule that links the number of faces, edges and vertices.
Discussion  Does your rule work for a cone, sphere and cylinder?

 7 Problem-solving  Look at this cube. You can cut a

cube into two equal parts.
What new 3D solids would you make if you cut it
a horizontally b vertically c diagonally?
 8 Look at this cuboid.
DR
H G
Copy and complete these sentences.
a The edge AE is parallel to the edges DH, BF and ___. E
b The edge EF is parallel to the edges ___, ___ and ___. F

c The edge AB is perpendicular to ___ and ___.

d The faces ABCD and ______ are parallel.
D
e The faces ABFE and BCGF meet at edge ___. C
f If two edges meet, they meet at a __________.
A
g If two faces meet, they meet at an __________. B

 9 Problem-solving  This cube needs painting.

What is the smallest number of colours you must use so that no two
faces that touch are the same colour?

10 Explore  How could you make a 4-sided dice?

Explore

What have you learned in this lesson to help you answer this question?
What other information do you need?

11 Reflect  In Q6 you worked out which solid was being described from
Reflect

the shape of its faces.

Describe two other solids in terms of the shape of their faces.

77 Homework, Year 8, Unit 4

 Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.4 Surface area

You will learn to:
• Calculate the surface area of cubes and cuboids.

T
Fluency
Work out
Confidence

• 6 × 9 = u
• 6 × u = 96
• 52
• 32
Explore
Why learn this?
How many posters can you fit on
Upholsterers use surface area to work out how much

Exercise 4.4

2 cm

4 cm
AF
fabric they need to cover sofa cushions.

1 Sketch a net for each shape.

a

10 cm
b

3 cm
3 cm

3 cm
your bedroom walls and ceiling?

Warm up
2 Work out the area of the shaded face on each shape.
a b
DR
20 mm

5 cm

10 mm
40 mm

1.5 cm
2 cm

3 The diagrams show a cube and its net.

Work out the surface area of the cube. Key point
The surface area of a 3D solid is the
total area of all its faces.
2 cm
2 cm

2 cm 2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
Discussion  You may have started by working out the area of one face
of the cube. Is there a shortcut for finding the surface area of a cube?

Topic links: Formulae

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 78
 4 Work out the surface area of each cube.
a
3 cm

3 cm
3 cm
b a 20 mm by 20 mm by 20 mm cube
c a cube with edge length 5 cm.
5 Reasoning  Here is a cube with edge length n cm.

T
a What is the area of one face on this cube? n cm

b Write a formula for the surface area of a cube with side n.

c Use your formula from part b to calculate the surface n cm
area of a cube with side 4 cm. n cm

6 Work out the surface area of each cuboid.

a b Q6a hint

cuboid?

Worked example
5 cm

AF
Find the surface area of this cuboid.
2 cm

1 cm
3 cm

3 cm
Discussion  Is there a shortcut for finding the surface area of a
5 cm
Sketch a net. Then work out the area
of each rectangle and add the areas
together.

1 cm
2 cm
5 cm

3 cm
DR
4 cm
5 cm

Surface area
Area of top face = 5 × 4 = 20 cm2
Area of front face = 3 × 5 = 15 cm2
Area of side face = 4 × 3 = 12 cm2 +
Sum of 3 faces = 47 cm2 Each face is part of an identical pair.
Total surface area = 2 × 47 = 94 cm2

7 Work out the surface area of each cuboid. Q7 hint

a b c Use the same method as in the
1 cm
worked example.

3 cm 80 mm
2 cm
5.5 cm
7 cm
2.5 cm

10 mm
30 mm

79
 8 Problem-solving  A cube has a surface area of 96 cm2.
a What is the area of each face?
b What is the length of one edge?
 9 Reasoning  Use the diagram to help you copy and complete:
a The area of the front face is u. h
b The area of the top face is u.
c The area of the side face is u.
l
d The total area of these 3 faces is u. w

T
e The total surface area (all 6 faces) is u.
10 Real / Problem-solving  Joey wants to wrap a present for his sister.

30 cm Q10 hint
Would a net of this box fit on the
40 cm 100 cm wrapping paper?

AF 100 cm

He has enough paint to cover

15 000 cm2.
Will this be enough?
30 cm

Does he have enough wrapping paper?

Discussion  How does the hint help you answer the question?
11 Real / Problem-solving  Kevin wants
to paint the outside of this toy box.

50 cm

80 cm
30 cm
Q11 hint
The box only has 5 faces.

12 Real / Problem-solving  Louise wants to make a

two-step stool. Both the steps are the same size.
DR
She does not need to put wood on the base.
40 cm
How much wood does she need for this project?
40 cm 70 cm

13 Explore  How many posters can you fit on your bedroom walls and

Explore
ceiling?
What you have learned in this lesson to help you answer this
question?
What other information do you need?

14 Reflect  This lesson showed you two methods for finding the surface
area of a cube or cuboid. Q14 hint
• Method 1 (draw then add)
What are the advantages and
Draw a net, write the area of each face on the net, add them
Reflect

disadvantages of your method?

together (Q6)
• Method 2 (visualise then calculate)
Visualise pairs of opposite faces, calculate the area of each
different face, add them together, double your answer (Q7)
Which method did you prefer? Why?

Homework, Year 8, Unit 4 Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 80

 Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.5 Volume
You will learn to:
• Calculate the volume of a cube or a cuboid.
• Convert between cm3, ml and litres.

T
Fluency
What is the area of these shapes?
Confidence

12 cm 7 cm

3 cm 7 cm
Explore
Why learn this?
How many fish can you put in a cuboid-
The number of fish that can be put in a

Exercise 4.5
1 Work out
a 5 × 3 × 8 b
AF
fish tank depends on the size (volume)
of the tank.

6 × 4 × 3 c
4×2×4
2 How many 1 cm cubes make up each shape?
shaped tank that measures 50 cm by
40 cm by 80 cm?
Warm up

a b c
DR
3 a How many 1 cm cubes make up each cube? Key point
The volume of a solid shape is the
amount of 3D space it takes up.
The units of volume are cubic units
(e.g. mm3, cm3, m3).

b Work out the first three cube numbers. Key point

13 = u   23 = u   33 = u Volume of a cube
What do you notice? = side length (l) cubed
= l3
4 A cube has a side length of 8 cm.
l
What is the volume of the cube?
5 Problem-solving  A cube has a surface area of 54 cm3.
a What is the area of one face? Q5 Strategy hint
b What is the length of one side? Sketch a cube.
c What is the volume of the cube?

81
6 a Count the 1 cm cubes in each cuboid.
A B C

b Copy and complete this table for the cuboids.

Length ×
Cuboid Length Width Height
width × height

T
A

7 a Calculate the volume of each cuboid.

A B C Key point
Volume of a cuboid

2 cm

ii 
3 cm

AF
7 cm
40 mm

20 mm
60 mm

b Reasoning  Imagine that the three cuboids are put together.

i Will the volume of the new shape be the sum of the volumes?
Will the surface area of the new shape be the sum of the
surface areas?
Explain your answers.

Investigation
Reasoning
Look at this cuboid.
2.5 cm

2.5 cm
5 cm
= length × width × height
= l × w × h = lwh

width
height

length
DR
3 cm
5 cm

4 cm
1 What is the volume of the cuboid?
2 Write the dimensions of at least three more cuboids with the same volume.
_1
3 Usman says the cuboid with dimensions 2  cm by 12 cm by 10 cm has the same volume as this cuboid.
Is he right?
Discussion  Are there more cuboids with the same volume?

8 Copy and complete these conversions. Key point

a 0.45 litres = u cm3
The capacity of a container is
b 6.3 cm3 = u ml
how much it can hold. The units of
c u litres = 7346 cm3 capacity are cm3, millilitres (ml) and
litres (l).
9 Real / Reasoning  For a long-distance camping trip, students need a
• 1 millilitre (ml) = 1 cm3
rucksack that has a capacity of at least 65 litres. • 1 litre (l) = 1000 cm3
Peter buys a rucksack measuring 34 cm by 26 cm by 75 cm.
a Work out the capacity in cm3.
b Work out the capacity in litres.
c Is Peter’s rucksack big enough?

Topic links: Properties of 3D solids, Factors, Subject links: Science (Q14)

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 82
Multiplying decimals
 10 Problem-solving  The volume of this cuboid is 168 cm3.
Find the missing length. 4 cm

cm
6 cm

11 Problem-solving 
A 3 cm by 3 cm by 3 cm cube
has a 1 cm by 1 cm square

T
hole cut through it. Q11 hint
What is the volume of the 1 cm
What is the volume of the piece cut
remaining solid?
3 cm out of the cube?
1 cm

3 cm

AF
Area 5 30 cm2
B

Area 5 42 cm2

a What are the dimensions of each rectangle?

b What is the volume of the cuboid?
c What is the surface area of the cuboid?
3 cm

12 Problem-solving  Here are the areas of three faces of the same cuboid.
C

Area 5 35 cm2

13 Explore  How many fish can you put in a cuboid-shaped tank that
Explore

measures 50 cm by 40 cm by 80 cm?

Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the
DR
lesson?
What further information do you need to be able to answer this?

14 Reflect  Maths is not the only subject where you use volume.
You use it in science too.
Describe how you have used volume in science.
Reflect

In what ways is volume the same or different in science as in this

maths lesson?
Do you think volume means the same in all subjects?
Explain your answer.

83 Homework, Year 8, Unit 4

 Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.6 STEM: Measures of area and volume

You will learn to:
• Convert between metric measures for area and volume.

T
Fluency
How many m2 in one hectare?
Why learn this?
Confidence

Multiply each number by 100

Ecologists use
• 7
measures of area and
• 7.5
volume when studying
• 7.53 Explore
plants and animals in
How much land is needed to
hedgerows.
support a herd of deer?

Exercise 4.6: Ecology

1 Work out AF
Warm up
a 2.5 × 10 × 10 b
0.04 × 100 × 100
c 450 ÷ 10 ÷ 10 d
9045 ÷ 100 ÷ 100
2 Work out the missing numbers. Key point
a 2 × u = 20 000 b 760 ÷ u = 7.6 c
u ÷ 100 = 0.03 It is important to be able to choose
the most suitable metric units for
3 Which unit of area would be sensible for measuring
measuring. Some of the metric units
a the area of a school pond
that you already know are
b the area of Scotland • mm, cm, m, km (length)
c the area of an oak leaf?
DR
• mm2, cm2, m2, km2, hectares (area)
4 STEM / Modelling  A conservation trust has been given a 5.3 hectare
piece of land. It plans to use 18 750 m2 for woodland and 28 125 m2 for
a wildlife meadow.
a Is the area they have been given big enough for their planned use? Q4 hint
b They estimate that they will need 2.4 m × 5 m sections for every 10
A hectare is 10 000 m2. Convert km
oak seedlings they plant. How many seedlings can they plant? to m and then m2 to hectares.
Discussion  Is this a good model for working out the number of trees?
Will they need any other space in the woodland?
5 Real  A rectangular reservoir measures 1.2 km by 1.6 km.
How many hectares is this?
Q6a hint
6 Copy and complete these conversions.
3100
a 4 cm2 = u mm2 b u cm2 = 0.58 m2
c 17 000 m = u km d
2 2
u m2 = 3.5 km2 1 cm2 100 mm2
3 3
7 a i Work out the area of this rectangle in cm2.
ii Convert the area to mm2. 11.2 cm 4 cm2 mm2
b Convert the lengths to mm and work out 3100
the area in mm2. 36 cm
Discussion  Which method was easier, the one in part a or part b?

Topic links: Powers of 10 Subject links: Science (Q3, Q4,

UnitQ8, Q11)
4 2D shapes and 3D solids 84
 STEM
  8 STEM / Problem-solving  Ann is surveying the plants growing in some
wasteland (unused land), measuring 7.5 m by 3.2 m. She places quadrats
at random within the survey area. Each quadrat is a 50 cm × 50 cm square. Q8 Literacy hint
a What is the maximum number of quadrats that would fit? A quadrat is a square frame used to
b She samples the plants in 12 quadrats randomly. sample organisms, such as plants, in
What proportion of the wasteland has she sampled? a large area.
 9 a These cubes are the same size.
Copy the diagrams and write in the measurements.
Q9 Strategy hint

T
1 cm mm
You might find it easier to convert the
1 cm A mm B
units first and then find the volume.
1 cm mm

b Find the volume of

i A in cm3 ii  B in mm3
c Copy and complete these sentences.

the measurements.

1m C

1m
AF
i  To convert from cm3 to mm3 __________ by u
ii  To convert from mm3 to cm3 __________ by u
d These cubes are also the same size. Copy the diagrams and write in

e Find the volume of

i C in m3
1m

ii  D in cm3
cm D

cm
cm

Key point
To convert from
• cm3 to mm3 you multiply by 103 or 1000
f Copy and complete these sentences. • mm3 to cm3 you divide by 103 or 1000
i  To convert from m3 to cm3 __________ by u • m3 to cm3 you multiply by 1003 or 1 000 000
ii  To convert from cm3 to m3 __________ by u • cm3 to m3 you divide by 1003 or 1 000 000
DR
10 Copy and complete these conversions.
a 8 cm3 = u mm3 b
u cm3 = 95 mm3 Q10a hint
c 73.4 m3 = u cm3 d
u m3 = 250 000 cm3
31000
11 STEM / Problem-solving  Earthworms have been called ‘ecosystem
1 cm3 1000 mm3
engineers’. They improve soil structure and help release important
3 3
nutrients to growing plants.
Fred reads that healthy soil should have 5600 earthworms per cubic 8 cm3 mm3
metre. He finds 40 earthworms in a 20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm sample.
31000
Is his sample healthy soil? Explain your answer.
12 Explore  How much land is needed to support a herd of deer?
Explore

What have you learned in this lesson to help you answer this question?
What other information do you need?
13 Reflect  Jan says, ‘1 cm is 10 mm so 1 cm2 is 10 mm2.’
Choose two questions from this lesson that will help Jan understand
Reflect

her mistake.
Using your knowledge from the previous two lessons, draw a diagram
or write an explanation to show Jan how many mm3 are equal to 1 litre.

85 Homework, Year 8, Unit 4

 Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.7 Plans and elevations

You will learn to:
• Use 2D representations of 3D solids.

T
Fluency
Draw accurately
Confidence

• a square with side length 3 cm

• an isosceles triangle
Why learn this? with base length 4 cm Explore
Architects create drawings to show the and height 5 cm 5 cm What would some famous landmarks
side and front views of planned new • this circle. look like if photographed from
buildings.

Exercise 4.7
1 For each solid, write
i
ii
AF
the shapes of the faces
the name of the solid.

a b c d
above?

Q1a hint

4 ______

1 square
DR
2 What 3D solid does each net make?

Warm up
a b c

3 Sketch a net for each solid.

Label the lengths.
a b 1 cm c d 6 cm
2 cm
4 cm
6 cm 7 cm
2 cm 3 cm
2 cm
4 cm
4 cm

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 86

 4 Here are two views of the same cuboid.
The second is drawn on isometric paper. Q4 hint
Use a ruler and start with a vertical
edge of the cuboid.
2 cm
On isometric paper, the distance
between two adjacent (neighbouring)
3 cm dots represents 1 cm.
4 cm

Draw these solids on isometric paper.

T
a b c
1 cm

5 cm
3 cm 2 cm
6 cm
3 cm

2 cm 5 cm
2 cm

Worked example

5 cm
AF
Draw the plan, the front elevation and the side elevation
of this cuboid on squared paper.

2 cm
Use a ruler.
Measure accurately.
Label lengths.
2 cm

Key point
The plan is the view from above the
object.
The front elevation is the view of the
front of the object.
The side elevation is the view of the
side of the object.
Plan

3 cm
DR
Side
Plan Front Side

3 cm
5 cm 5 cm
2 cm Front

3 cm 2 cm

5 Draw the plan, the front elevation and the side elevation of each solid
on squared paper.

a b c
1 cm Q5c hint
2 cm Draw a circle using a pair of
4 cm
8 cm compasses.
5 cm
7 cm

2 cm 6 cm

87
 6 These solids are made from centimetre cubes.
Draw the plan, front elevation and side elevation of each solid on
squared paper.
a b c d

T
Discussion  What do you notice about your answers to parts a and d?
Why does this happen?
 7 Problem-solving  Here are the plan, Plan Front Side
front and side elevations of an

AF
irregular 3D solid.
Use cubes to make the solid.
Then draw it on isometric paper.
 8 Here are the plan views of some solids.
What could each one be?
a b c

Discussion  Is there more than one answer?

d

 9 Problem-solving  Here is the side elevation of a 3D solid.

Sketch three possible 3D solids it could belong to.
DR
10 This cube is ‘cut’ in different ways along the red line.
For each cut in parts a and d, what is the name of
i the 2D shape of the new faces?
ii the new 3D solid(s) created?
a b c d

11 Explore  What would some famous landmarks look like if

Explore

photographed from above?

Look back at the maths you have learned in this lesson.
How can you use it to answer this question?
12 Reflect  Look back at Q6. Q12 Literacy hint
Draw the plan, front and side elevations for a unique solid shape.
Reflect

Unique means that there can’t be a

Is it possible to draw two distinct solids that look the same on different solid with the same plan,
isometric paper? front and side elevations.
Distinct means different.

Homework, Year 8, Unit 4 Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 88

 Master Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4.8 Solving problems with 3D solids

and measures
You will learn to:
• Solve problems involving area, surface area and volume.
• Solve problems in everyday contexts involving measure.

T
Fluency
Write down the formula for the
Confidence

• area of a parallelogram
• volume of a cube

Why learn this?

AF
Builders need to calculate the amount of
materials needed to create buildings.

Exercise 4.8
1 Calculate the area of each shape.
a 14 mm

10 mm
b
• surface area of a cuboid.

18 cm
Explore
How much wrapping paper is needed to
wrap a present?

12 cm
Warm up

DR
18 mm

2 Calculate the volume of this cuboid.

4 cm

2 cm
6 cm

3 Problem-solving  A medicine bottle says, ‘Take two 5 ml spoonfuls

four times a day.’
The bottle contains 0.15 litres. Sara has to take the medicine for 4
days.
Is there enough medicine in the bottle? Explain your answer.
4 The mass of a new-born elephant is 5% of the mass of an adult Key point
female elephant.
mass: 1 tonne (t) = 1000 kg
The average mass of an adult female elephant is 3 tonnes.
What is the average mass in kilograms of a new-born elephant?

89
 5 Joe is using his calculator to solve some problems. Which value, A,
B or C, should he enter for each measure?
a 2 m 4 cm (in metres) A 2.4 B 2.04 C 2.004
b 5 kg 250 g (in kilograms) A 5.25 B 5.025 C 5.0025
c 950 ml (in litres) A 9.5 B 0.95 C 0.095
 6 An Olympic swimming pool has a length of 50 m, a width of 25 m
Q6b hint
and a depth of 2 m.
a Write the dimensions of the pool in centimetres. V = lwh
b Work out the capacity of the pool in litres.

T
 7 Find the volume of this shape.
Q7 hint
5 cm Split the shape into two cuboids.

2 cm
3 cm
7 cm 5 cm
3 cm

Investigation
Problem-solving

4 cm
2 cm
AF
6 cm
10 cm

Each box of Akmal’s Sweets contains 50 cm3 of sweets, plus about 10% air.
Here are three designs for the box.
A B

3 cm
8.2 cm
C

5 cm
4 cm

3 cm

3 cm
Which design is the most suitable? Why?
Work out the side length, to one decimal place, of a cube-shaped box that has the correct volume.
DR
Work out the dimensions of two more boxes with the correct volume.

 8 Problem-solving A cube has volume 27 cm3. What is the length of

the cube?
Q9 hint
 9 Problem-solving  A cuboid has a length of 3.6 m and a width of Use the volume to work out the
2.5 m. Its volume is 37.8 m3. Work out the surface area of the cuboid. height of the cuboid first.

10 Problem-solving  The diagram shows the dimensions of a dice.

Q10 hint
2 cm Start by working out how many dice
will fit along the length of the box.
2 cm
2 cm

A box has dimensions 12 cm by 10 cm by 8 cm.

How many dice will the box hold?

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 90

 11 Problem-solving  The diagram shows the dimensions of a water
tank.

56 cm

52 cm
76 cm

T
Alex puts water in the tank so that it is three quarters full.
What volume of water is in the tank?
Discussion  In how many different ways can you work out the volume
of a water tank that is three quarters full?
12 Real A box with a toy in it has height 10 cm, width 28 cm and length
38 cm.
a Draw a net of the box.

i
ii

AF
b Wrapping paper is 70 cm wide. What length of wrapping paper
is needed if there is
no overlap (no extra amount)
an overlap of 3 cm when folded in both directions?

Investigation
Problem-solving
The width of a cuboid is twice its height. Its length is three times its height.
The surface area of the cuboid is 352 cm2. What is its height?

13 Problem-solving  Three cuboids of the same length are placed on

top of each other.
Calculate the volume of the solid.
Q12b hint
Use the net to help position on the
wrapping paper and calculate the
length.

3 cm

3 cm
DR
9 cm
9 cm

9 cm 10 cm

3 cm

14 Explore  How much wrapping paper do you need to wrap a

Explore

present? What have you learned this lesson to help you answer this
question? What other information do you need to know?
15 Reflect  You have learned lots of different formulae and methods for
Reflect

measures, area, surface area and volume. How can you remember
them? Share with a friend any tips or strategies you have used to
help you remember them.

91 Homework, Year 8, Unit 4

Master P69 Check Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test P102

4 Check up
Area of 2D shapes

T
1 Work out the area of this triangle. 30 mm
75 mm

50 mm

2 Work out the area of each shape.

a b 6 cm

6 cm

2 cm
AF 5 cm

3 The diagram shows the dimensions of a badge.

What is the total area of the badge?
9 cm
2 cm

12 mm
10 mm

7 mm

Nets, surface area and volume of 3D solids

4 Work out the surface area of
DR
this cuboid.
4 cm

2 cm
2 cm

5 Sketch a net of this 3D solid.

5 cm 5 cm
8 cm
5 cm

6 Calculate the volume of these solids.

a b
6 cm
5 cm

6 cm
6 cm
2 cm
3 cm Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 92
  7 Calculate the volume of this solid.
9 cm
2 cm

4 cm 12 cm

T
3 cm

Plans and elevations

8

2 cm

8 cm

AF 7 cm

a Draw this cuboid on isometric paper.

b Draw the front elevation, side elevation and plan view of the cuboid.

Measures of area, volume and capacity

 9 What is the area of this
rectangle in mm2? 3 cm

10 Copy and complete these conversions.

6 cm

a 6 cm2 = u mm2 b 0.9 cm2 = u mm2

c 350 mm2 = u cm2 d 3 m2 = u cm2
e 5.02 m = u cm f
2 2
2590 cm2 = u m2
DR
11 Copy and complete these conversions.
a 18 cm3 = u mm3 b u cm3 = 265 mm3
c 0.7 m = u cm d
3 3
u m3 = 931 000 cm3
e 42 m3 = u ml f 3 litres = u cm3
12 Real  An Olympic-size swimming pool measures 50 m by 25 m
and has a depth of 3 m.
a Calculate the volume of the pool in
i m3 ii cm3
b How many litres of water can the pool hold?
13 How sure are you of your answers? Were you mostly
Reflect

  Just guessing     Feeling doubtful     Confident

What next? Use your results to decide whether to strengthen or
extend your learning.

Challenge
14 A shape has an area of 10 cm2.
Sketch and label the lengths of a possible
a triangle b rectangle
c parallelogram d trapezium.
93
Master P69 Check P92 Strengthen Extend P98 Test P102

4 Strengthen
You will:
• Strengthen your understanding with practice.

T
Area of 2D shapes
1 For each pair of shapes, find the area of the rectangle and the
area of the triangle.
a

i
4 cm

1 cm

ii
b

A
6 cm

5 cm
AF
2 a For each triangle write
base length = u cm
4 cm

perpendicular height = u cm

B
5 cm
6 cm

1 cm

C
6 cm
Q2 hint
Area of a triangle
1
= 2 × base length × perpendicular
height

2 cm
7 cm 4 cm
DR
6 cm
10 cm

4 cm

b Work out the area of each triangle.

3 Calculate the area of each parallelogram. Q3a hint
a b 3 cm Imagine making the parallelogram
into a rectangle by moving part of the
3 cm shape to the other side.

5 cm 7 cm 3 cm

5 cm

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 94

 4 Sketch these trapeziums. Q4a hint
a b c
a

b
Label the parallel sides a and b and the perpendicular height h.
5 Copy and complete the working to find the area of this trapezium.

T
6 cm

4 cm

9 cm

Area = 1 (a + b)h
2
a=6
= 1 × (u + u) × u

a
2
= 1 × u × u
2
= u cm2

4 cm

7 cm
AF
6 Find the area of each trapezium.

3 cm

7 Work out the area of this shape.

b
h=4

b=9

8 cm

4 cm

3 cm
Q6 hint
Use the method in Q5.

The working has been started for you. 4 cm

area of rectangle = length × width
3 cm
=9×u
DR
= u cm2 9 cm
1
area of triangle = 2 × base × height
= 12 × 9 × u
= u cm2
total area = area of rectangle + area of triangle
= u + u
= u cm2
8 Work out the area of each compound shape. Q8a Strategy hint
a b
5 cm 20 mm Split the shape into a rectangle and
a triangle.
7 cm 3 cm 18 mm
42 mm

Nets, surface area and volume of 3D solids

1 Which of these nets will fold to make a closed cube? Q1 Strategy hint
A B C
Draw the shapes and cut them out.
Try to fold each one into a cube.

95
2 a Look at this cuboid.
Choose the correct words to make
these sentences true. 3 cm
back   left-hand side   bottom
i 
The area of the top face is the same
as the area of the ______ face. 1 cm
ii 
The area of the front face is the same 5 cm

as the area of the ______ face.

Face Area
iii 
The area of the right-hand side face is the same as

T
Top u × 5 = u cm2
the area of the ______ face.
Bottom
b
Copy and complete the table to find the Front 3 × u = u cm2
surface area of the cuboid. Back
3 Work out the surface area of the cuboid. Right u × 3 = u cm2
Left
2 cm Total surface area

l
6 cm

w
AF 3 cm

4 These cuboids are made from 1 cm cubes.

A
h
B

l
w
h

a For each cuboid write l = u cm, w = u cm, h = u cm.

C

l
w
h
Q3 hint
Use a table.

Q4b hint
Volume of a cuboid
b Find each volume. = length × width × height
c Check your answers by counting cubes. = l × w × h = u cm3
DR
5 Calculate the volume of each cuboid.
a b 1 cm
c
2 cm
3 cm

7 cm 7 cm 3 cm
3 cm
5 cm 5 cm

6 Real / Problem-solving  A box holds 12 tins of baked beans as Q6 hint

shown.
Use the dimensions of the tin to work
out the length, width and height of the
7.5 cm box, then work out the surface area
of the box.
11 cm

a Work out the surface area of cardboard needed to make the box.
b What is the volume of the box?

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 96

 Measures of area, volume and capacity
A B
1 These squares are the same size.
a Work out the area of each square. 1 cm 10 mm
b Copy and complete this number line for converting cm2 to mm2 areas.
cm2 1 2 3 5
1 cm 10 mm
3 4
mm2 100 200 400 500

2 Work out the area of each shape in cm2. Then convert it to mm2.
Q2 hint

T
a b
Use your number line from Q1 to help
3 cm 2 cm
you.
4 cm 5 cm

3 Work out each area in mm2. Then convert it to cm2.

a b

3
40 mm

m2
40 mm

1
AF
4 These squares are the same size.
a Work out the area of each square.

cm2 10 000 20 000 30 000

5 Copy and complete these conversions.

a 2.05 m2 = 2.05 × u = u cm2 b
20 mm

60 mm

b Copy and complete this number line for converting m2 to cm2

areas.
4

0.07 m2 = u cm2
5

50 000
35 mm

4
A

1m

1m
B

100 cm

100 cm

c u m = 8600 cm
2 2

6 Copy and complete these conversions.

DR
Q7 hint
a i 6 cm3 = u mm3 ii  0.012 cm3 = u mm3
Use your number line from Q6
iii 3
u cm = 15 800 mm 3
to help. Draw a similar one for
b i 0.04 m3 = ucm3 ii  12.7 m3 = u cm3 converting cm3 to m3 volumes.
iii 3
u m = 1.4 million cm 3

Enrichment
1 Problem-solving  Jo wants to grow vegetables. Q1 hint
She buys 16 raised beds measuring 1 m by 4 m by 0.5 m. 1 litre = 1000 cm3
a Calculate the volume of one raised bed.
b Write its dimensions in centimetres.
c Calculate the volume in cubic centimetres. 0.5 m
A 40-litre bag of soil costs £2.50.
d How many 40-litre bags of soil will Jo need for each raised bed?
4m
e How much will soil cost for one raised bed?
f How much will she spend on soil in total? 1m
2 Reflect  In this unit you have covered lots of different topics:
Reflect

A Area B Surface area C Volume D Measures

Write down something you understand from each of the topics and
something you want to understand better. What learning strategies
can you use to help you to understand more?
97
Master P69 Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend Test P102

4 Extend
You will:
• Extend your understanding with problem-solving.

T
1 A cube has a total surface area of 8.64 cm2. Work out
Q1a hint
a the area of one face of the cube
A cube has six identical faces.
b the side length of the cube.
2 Problem-solving  The diagram shows
two cubes.
The side length of the larger cube is
4 cm.

AF
The ratio of their surface areas is 1 : 4.
Work out
a the surface area of the smaller cube
b the side length of the smaller cube.
3 Problem-solving  A red cuboid has length 6 cm, width 3 cm and
height 2 cm.
4 cm
Q2a Strategy hint
Work out the surface area of the
larger cube first.

Q3 Strategy hint
Draw a sketch of each cuboid and
A blue cuboid has length 8 cm and width 2 cm. label the missing height h. Then
The red and blue cuboids have the same surface area. work out the surface area of the red
Work out the height of the blue cuboid. cuboid.
DR
16 mm
4 Problem-solving  The diagram shows a square Q4 hint
company logo.
Work out the area of the square and
Work out the area of blue in the logo. 35 mm the area of the trapezium.
5 Reasoning  The diagram shows a trapezium. 42 mm
Dave says, ‘If I double the height of the trapezium, Q6 Literacy hint
the area of the trapezium will also double.’ 40 mm
A counter example is one example
Is he correct? Explain how you worked out your answer.
that proves the statement is wrong.
6 Reasoning  Carmen says, ‘If I double the length of one of the parallel
sides of a trapezium, but keep the other parallel side and the height Q6 Strategy hint
the same, the area of the trapezium will also be doubled.’
Draw your own trapezium to test
Show, using a counter example, that she is wrong.
Caroline’s statement.
7 Problem-solving  This trapezium and this parallelogram have the
same area. Q7 Strategy hint
23 mm
Make sure all measurements are in
16 mm the same units.

37 mm 2.4 cm

What is the perpendicular height of the parallelogram?

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 98
  8 Write an expression for the area of each parallelogram.
Write each answer in its simplest form.
a b
0.25y cm
4 cm

16 cm

6x cm

 9 a Work out the area of A and B.

3 cm

T
5 cm A
B

9 cm

a
AF
b What is the total area?
c How else could you have worked out the total area?
10 Work out the shaded area of each shape.

14 cm
7 cm
b

5 cm
3 cm

5 cm
4 cm
5 cm
c

2 cm
4 cm

2 cm 10 cm

8 cm
11 Problem-solving  The diagram shows a foldaway 13 cm
camping bowl. It has four sides in the shape of
DR
congruent trapezia. The bottom of the bowl is a square. 8 cm
Work out the total surface area of the bowl.
12 Problem-solving  A water container is in the shape of a cuboid. 7 cm
It has length 1.5 m, width 0.7 m and height 0.8 m. Bowl Side
a Write the dimensions of the trough in centimetres.
Water is put into the trough. The depth of the water is
three quarters of the height of the trough.
b Work out the volume of the water in the trough in cm3.
c Work out the capacity of the water in the trough in litres.
13 Problem-solving / Finance  Ghadif has an oil tank that is
approximately the shape of a cuboid.
It has length 1.8 m, width 80 cm and height 90 cm. It contains oil
to a depth of 25 cm.
a Can he fit 1000 litres more into his oil tank? Explain your answer. Q13a Strategy hint
Ghadif orders oil to fill his tank to 90% full. Draw a diagram to help you.
b How much oil does he order to the nearest litre?
The price of oil is 69.8p per litre if you order 1000 litres or more,
and 70.2p per litre if you order less than 1000 litres.
c How much does he pay for this oil?
Give your answer in pounds to the nearest penny.
99
14 A cuboid has length 8 cm.
The width of the cuboid is three quarters of its length. The height of
the cuboid is 30% of its length.
Work out the surface area of the cuboid.
15 Problem-solving  A cuboid has length, width and height in the Q15 Strategy hint
ratio 4 : 5 : 3. The total of the length, width and height is 96 mm. Work out the length, width and height
Work out the surface area of the cuboid. of the cuboid first, by sharing 96 mm
in the ratio 4 : 5 : 3.
16 Problem-solving  This cube and

T
cuboid have the same volume. 5 cm
Work out the side length of the cube.
6 cm
Give your answer to the nearest
? 13 cm
millimetre.
17 Problem-solving  A gold bar is in the shape of a cuboid with length Q17 hint
150 mm, width 45 mm and height 45 mm.
The answer must be the largest
The bar is melted and made into cubes with side length 12 mm.

A

AF
How many cubes of gold can be made from the cuboid?
18 Problem-solving  A tap drips every second into a square sink 40 cm
wide and 17 cm deep.
30 drips have a volume of 10 ml.
With the plug in, how long before the sink overflows?
Give your answer in hours and minutes.

Investigation
These boxes have the same volume.
B

4 cm
C

1 cm
whole number you can make.

Q18 hint
Start by working out the capacity of
the sink.
Use 1 cm3 = 1 ml.

Real / Reasoning

4 cm
16 cm
8 cm
2 cm
DR
4 cm
4 cm 4 cm

1 Do they all have the same surface area?

2 You run a packaging company. Which box would you choose and why?
3 Here are the dimensions of three more boxes with the same volume.
2 cm by 24 cm by 3 cm      6 cm by 6 cm by 6 cm      4 cm by 9 cm by 6 cm
Which box do you think would have the smallest surface area?

19 Reasoning  Look at this cuboid.

1 cm

1 cm
5 cm

a Calculate the volume of the cuboid.

b Calculate the surface area of the cuboid.
c Jamal has six of these cuboids.
How can he put them together to make a cuboid with
i the smallest surface area
ii the largest surface area?

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 100

 20 Calculate the volume of each solid. Q20 hint
3 cm 3 cm
a b c First calculate any
6 cm missing lengths.
5 cm
6 cm 6 cm Then divide the
9 cm
shape into cuboids
8 cm 4 cm cm cm and work out the
cm 2 cm 2 cm volume of each
4 cm cuboid separately.
4 cm
10 cm 9 cm
8 cm

T
21 The diagram shows
the front, side and
plan views of a
shape.
Draw an isometric
diagram of the
shape.

Base cuboid
AF
22 The diagram shows a shape made from cuboids.

area front and back = u cm2

area right and left ends = u cm2
area bottom = u cm2
area top = 9 × u + 3 × u = u cm2
Front

Find the total surface area of the shape. The working has been
started for you.
Side

6 cm

9 cm
Plan

5 cm

3 cm 4 cm

7 cm

Top cuboid Q22 hint

area front and back = u cm2 Why don’t you use the whole area of
DR
area right and left ends = u cm2 the top face in the base cuboid?
area top = u cm2
total surface area = u cm2
Discussion  How else could you work out the total surface area of
this shape?
23 Calculate the surface area of each 3D solid.
a b c 5 cm
5 cm
3 cm 3 cm
2 cm 3 cm 4 cm
6 cm 4 cm
5 cm 7 cm
3 cm 7 cm
2 cm
3 cm
8 cm 10 cm 2 cm 8 cm
4 cm
24 Problem-solving  The blue triangle has an area of 3.6 cm2.
The area of the green triangle is 40% of 3.6 cm2
the area of the blue triangle.
Work out the height of the green triangle. height

25 Reflect Look back at Q6. It asked you for a ‘counter example’. 1.8 cm

Reflect

What did this counter example show about Carmen’s statement?

In what sort of situation might you need to prove a statement is
untrue? Could you use a counter example? Explain.
101
Master P69 Check P92 Strengthen P94 Extend P98 Test

4 Unit test
1 For this cuboid:
a Work out the volume.

T
b Work out the surface area.
3 cm 7 cm
c Draw the cuboid on isometric paper.
d Draw the front elevation, side elevation and 4 cm
plan view.
2 Work out the area of each shape.
a b

4 cm AF
5 cm

3 Work out the area of each shape.

a A parallelogram b

2 cm

A trapezium.
7 cm

8 mm
8 cm 7 cm
15 mm
DR
15 cm 20 mm

8 cm
4 Work out the area of this shape.

9.5 cm

5 Calculate the shaded area of each shape. 20 cm

a b

4 cm 7 cm
8 cm
4 cm

10 cm

8 cm
10 cm
6 These two triangles have the same area.
a Work out the area of the green triangle. 12 cm
15 cm
b Work out the height of the blue triangle.

Unit 4 2D shapes and 3D solids 102

  7 Work out the volume of this solid.
12 cm

2 cm

7 cm
4 cm

9 cm
3 cm

T
 8 Copy and complete these conversions.
a 4.3 m3 = u cm3 b u cm3 = 8500 mm3
c 540 ml = u cm3

 9 An open gift box is a cuboid. It has length 18.5 cm, width 9.4 cm and
height 6.2 cm.
Work out the area of cardboard needed to make the open box.

AF
10 Work out the area of this shape
in square centimetres.

11 The diagram shows a cuboid with volume 5760 mm3.

Work out the width of the cuboid.

Challenge
5 cm
40 mm

width

12 The box for a wireless router measures 12 cm by 7.5 cm by 8 cm.

16 mm

24 mm

Boxes of wireless routers are packed into a larger box for

transportation.
The larger box measures 98 cm by 32 cm by 40 cm.
DR
40 cm
8 cm

7.5 cm 32 cm
12 cm 98 cm

a What is the greatest number of wireless router boxes that will fit
into the larger box?
b What volume of empty space will be left in the box?
c Work out the dimensions of a box that will hold 60 wireless router
boxes with no wasted space.
13 Reflect  Write a heading, ‘Five important things about area and
volume’.
Now look back at the work you have done in this unit, and list the five
most important things you have learned.
Reflect

You might include

• formulae
• conversions
• methods for working things out
• mistakes to avoid (with tips on how to avoid them in future).
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