ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

SYSTEMS DESIGN PROJECT REPORT MANUAL

 CHAPTER 1

1. PREAMBLE

1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure that every Systems Design courses’ project
report which is to carry the name of Industrial Engineering Department of Çankaya
University meets the same high standards of presentation. All project groups are supposed to
consider the following explanations in their reports. For all cases not covered by the
guidelines given in this manual, please obtain the written approval of the System Design
Coordinator of the Department of Industrial Engineering concerned before presenting the
report.

1.2 REFERENCING THE PREVIOUS WORK OF OTHERS

AND PLAGIARISM

Referencing is a matter of honesty and crediting others for their previous ideas and work; but
it is also a matter of credibility of your work, in other words, an evidence of the fact that you
are aware of what was done on the topic you have been dealing with in your project.

Using ideas and research findings of others, and yet pretending that they are your own is
plagiarism, which is not only unethical and immoral but also a crime. Therefore, great care
must be given to using a proper style in writing your manuscript so that your original work
and work of others are clearly distinguishable without any ambiguity, and that all ideas and
work of others used in your study are meticulously referenced.
 CHAPTER 2

2. FORMAT AND APPEARANCE

2.1 CONTEXT

The report should be laid out in the following format:

• Title Page
• Statement of Nonplagiarism Page
• Abstract
• Özet
• Acknowledgement
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• List of Symbols and/or Abbreviations
• List of Appendices
• Introduction
• Main Technical Chapters
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendices

2.2 PAPER AND DUPLICATION

To insure durability all copies must be on good quality white A4 paper. Only single-sided
copies will be accepted. Photocopies must be made from the original, and all pages must
have high contrast with consistently black print throughout the report. The print must be
permanent; it must not smudge. All pages must be copied onto acceptable paper, as
described above.

2.3 TYPE

The type size, font, text alignment should be 12-point, “Times New Roman” and “Justified”,
respectively. Bold face letters and symbols, and italics may be used for special emphasis and
foreign words.

The titles of each chapter should be in all bold capital letters having font size of 18 and
centered, section titles should be in 16 font size and left aligned and subsections should be in
size of 14-point and left aligned. In the body of the report, different typefaces and sizes may
be used to set footnotes, endnotes, examples, quotations, tables, and charts from the rest of
the text, as long as they are easily readable.

No ink corrections, strikeovers, correction fluid or tape, paste-ups, insertions between lines,
and letraset are permitted on the final bound copies. If you must make corrections, do them
on the original manuscript before it is copied.

2.4 SPACING

The general text of the manuscript must use one-half (1.5) line spacing. Tables, long
quotations, footnotes, endnotes, bibliographies, and captions may be single-spaced.

2.5 MARGINS

The left margin (binding side) must be 3 cm wide to allow for binding; the other three
margins must be 3 cm wide. Narrower margins are not acceptable. Slightly larger margins
are advisable, to allow for error during reproduction. Absolutely nothing must appear in the
margins. This means that all headings, page numbers, text, tables, illustrations, etc., must be
contained completely within the area bounded by the margins. Full justification is
recommended.

2.6 WORD AND TEXT DIVISIONS

Words must not be divided at the end of a line and may not be divided from one page to the
next. Use a standard dictionary to determine word hyphenation. At least two lines of a
paragraph must appear together at the top and bottom of every page. A subheading must be
followed by at least 2 lines of a paragraph. There should be no indent for paragraphs.
Instead paragraphs will be separated by a single line space.

2.7 PAGINATION

All page numbers of the report must appear in the bottom center on the page. Page numbers
must be at least two single spaces below the nearest line of text, but within the margin
boundaries as stated above. The following pagination plan should be used:

a) For the preliminary pages (starting with Title Page and ending with List of Appendices),
use small Roman Numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.). The title page does not have numbers but count
as actual page, and the numbering should begin with ii on the statement of non-plagiarism
page.

b) Use Arabic numerals beginning with "1" on the first page of the text and continue
throughout the rest of the report, including appendices. All pages must be numbered
consecutively, including pages containing chapter pages, illustrations, such as tables, figures,
plates, and photographs.

2.8 BINDING
All reports are to be bound in spiral binding. Both covering pages of the spiral binding
should be plastic, and the front cover page is required to be transparent.
 CHAPTER 3

3. SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR THE PARTS OF THE

REPORT

Two general rules of thumb should govern the presentation of any report: keep the format as
simple as possible, and be consistent with the format throughout the report. You must follow
the order of items within these parts as listed in Section 2.1.

3.1 TITLE PAGE

The title must be one-half (1.5) line spacing, all in capital letters, and should begin at 9 cm
from the top of the page. The title must not contain chemical or mathematical formulas,
symbols, superscripts, subscripts, Greek letters, or other non-standard abbreviations and
characters; words must be substituted for all these. The format of the title page, including
spacing and capitalization, must be exactly as in the sample title page shown in Appendix A.

3.2 STATEMENT OF NONPLAGIARISM PAGE

This page includes the statement signed by the group members about plagiarism. A sample
plagiarism page is provided in Appendix B.

3.3 ABSTRACT

The abstract summarizes the content of the report. The summary must be capable of standing
in isolation so that if necessary, the reader can get the main idea of the report without detailed
study. It should contain information not different from the report and summarizes the results
and observations. It must not exceed 250 words, must not include diagrams, and should not
include mathematical formulas unless essential. A sample abstract page is provided in
Appendix C.

Keywords (and Phrases, if necessary) of your project will be given on the last line of your
abstract in an alphabetical order.

3.4 ÖZET

“Özet” is the Turkish translation of the abstract, including “Anahtar Kelimeler” (gerekli ise
Deyimler)”. A sample is provided in Appendix D.

3.5 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Acknowledgment should include “thanks” to supervisor(s)/co-supervisor(s) (at the first

place), people reviewing the report, persons who contributed and helped preparing the report
in terms of providing support such as providing data, information, encouragement, etc. The
heading Acknowledgement appears centered between the text margins 5 cm from the top of
the page. The text begins at least three line spaces below the heading.

3.6 TABLE OF CONTENTS

The table of contents must list the title of each chapter and its parts and sections, references,
and appendices. The wording used for all entries in the table of contents must match exactly
with what is used in the text. Each entry must have leading dots which connect it to its
corresponding page number.
The heading “Table of Contents” appears without punctuation centered between the text
margins 5 cm from the top of the page. The listing of actual contents begins at the left
margin must be one line space below the heading. Double-space between each entry and
single space within the same caption should be used.

A sample table of contents page is provided in Appendix C.

3.7 LIST OF TABLES

A list of tables should be included for the convenience of the reader if the main body
contains more than table (those in appendices are excluded). It will immediately follow the
table of contents on a new page.

The heading “List of Tables” appears without punctuation centered between the text margins
5 cm from the top of the page. The listing of actual contents begins at the left margin one
line space below the heading.

Each entry should have the same number and the same caption or title used for a table in the
text, although a long caption may be abbreviated to the extent of using only the first full
sentence. As in the table of contents, each entry must have leading dots which connect it to
its page number.

3.8 LIST OF FIGURES

These lists must appear on separate pages and are governed by the same rules as the list of
tables.

3.9 LIST OF SYMBOLS AND/OR ABBREVATIONS

You should follow a format consistent with acceptable practices in your discipline.
3.10 LIST OF APPENDICES

These lists must appear on separate pages and are governed by the same rules as the list of
tables for the appendices.

3.11 INTRODUCTION

Introduction is the first chapter of the report, which introduces the work, provides the
motivation and context and outlines the significance of this work. Therefore, Chapter 1
should be entitled as INTRODUCTION. The heading CHAPTER 1 should be centered
between the text margins 5 cm from the top of the page; the title goes one line space below
the heading. The text begins one line space below the title. The purpose of the introduction is
to tell the reader what the report is about and should give the information required for a
proper understanding of the work and the report. It should contain objectives of the report,
scope of the report, definitions of any specialist terms used, the importance of the study,
work plan of the study. Objectives and scope should answer questions such as: “Why was
this done?”, “How does this effort fit into the overall scope of things?”, etc. Work plan
includes not only the information about main chapters of the report, but also the whole
chapters and contents of the study for both two semesters (including the second part of the
project in the spring semester).

3.12 MAIN TECHNICAL CHAPTERS

The main body of the report is divided into multiple chapters to help the reader in
understanding the subject matter. Although the detailed organization of the text varies
among academic disciplines, the formatting of the text must be consistent throughout. All
headings and subheadings should be presented in the same way in each chapter, in terms of
capitalization, placement on the page and kind of type used.
Only chapters should begin with a new page. Within a chapter, the presentation of
subsections must be continuous: partially filled pages of text are acceptable only on non-
textual pages, such as those presenting tables and illustrations.

Chapters are numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals and capital letters (CHAPTER 1,
CHAPTER 2, etc.). The headings of chapters are all in capitals and centered between the text
margins 5 cm from the top of the page; the title goes two line spaces below. The text begins
one line space below the heading. In addition to general titles like INTRODUCTION, the
chapters need substantially descriptive titles that go one line space below the chapter
headings.

The following chapters are to appear in the report. In Chapter 2, description of the system to
be analyzed, general concepts about the project, etc. will be given. Chapter 2 may have one
of the following possible titles: ANALYSIS OF CURRENT SYSTEM, EXISTING
SYSTEM, GENERAL CONCEPTS, DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM, etc. In Chapter 3,
all related previous works and their correspondence with the underlying study will be given.
Chapter 3 should have the title LITERATURE REVIEW. In Chapter 4, the used methods,
theoretical backgrounds and approaches must be defined and discussed. It may have one of
the following possible titles: METHODOLOGY, METHODS AND POSSIBLE
APPROACHES, etc. Chapter 5 is relevant to the implementation of the proposed
methodology. Results and finding are discussed and interpreted. Its title may be
APPLICATION, RESULTS AND FINDINGS, or similar titles.

In many cases, the main body of the report will include certain materials other than ordinary
text, such as illustrations, formulas, quotations, footnotes, and endnotes. In such cases, the
following guidelines should be observed.

3.12.1 Illustrative Material

Illustrations include drawings, charts, figures, tables, diagrams, plates and photographs.
These may be inserted wherever the author feels appropriate, but as a general rule, they
should appear as near as possible to the part of the text relating to them. An illustration
should be separated from the text or another illustration by at least a single line space.

Illustrations of one-half page or less in length may appear on the same page with the text,
separated from the text above and below by triple line spacing illustrations longer than one-
half page are better placed on a separate sheet.

Illustrations that are too large to be placed sideways between the left- and right-hand
margins should be rotated counterclockwise 90 degrees so that the top of the illustration runs
parallel to the left-hand margin of the page. The caption or legend for such an illustration
must also be rotated. When illustrations are presented in this manner, the usual margin
requirements remain in effect, and page numbers should appear in their normal place.

Illustrations of any kind must be numbered consecutively. This includes appendices, if you
have them. You may follow a straight sequence (1, 2, 3, etc.) or use a decimal approach (1.1,
1.2, 1.3, etc. or A.1, A.2, A.3, etc.) where the first digit is the chapter or appendix number,
and the digit after the decimal point is the illustration number.

Tables may run longer than one page. In such cases all subsequent pages of the table must
include at least the table number and the notation that it is continued, e.g., "Table 1
(cont’d.)" or "Table 1(continued).". This is only valid for tables; figures cannot be separated
in this manner.

All headings and captions of illustrations must be prepared in the same typeface and point
size used for the text. The words illustrations’ type and their numbers should be all in bold,
e.g., “Table 1.2 Two-factor ANOVA Results”, “Figure A.1 Organization Chart”.

Table numbers and captions are placed single space above the top line of the illustration,
figure numbers and captions are placed single space below the last line of the illustration. If
an illustration other than table is borrowed from a source, then the source should be referred in
parenthesis below the illustration’s caption. If a table is borrowed from a source, then the source
should be referred in parenthesis below the table.

Authors may treat oversized materials in one of the following two ways:

a) An illustration may be photo-reduced, but its page number and caption must be the same
size and typeface as in the rest of the illustrations.

b) An illustration may be folded and inserted in either of the following ways:

i) Fold the illustration and insert it in a white or manila envelope no larger than 16.5 by 24
cm, which may be mounted on paper of the proper weight for inclusion in the report. Each
page enclosed in the envelope must be included in the pagination of the report; the page on
which the envelope is mounted should have a single page number or inclusive page numbers,
as needed.

ii) Fold the illustration and mount it on 21 by 29.7 cm sheet (A-4).

3.12.2 Formulas

Mathematical and chemical formulas, equations and expressions should be printed. Number
the equations needed to be referred consecutively from the text. You will not number the
equations which are not to be referred consecutively within the text; this means that you will
not number the equations referred for once only. Be careful that all the notation you use is
defined and beware of using the same mnemonic for two different variables.

Provide the reference for all equations taken from a source, including a textbook or a
handout. Embed the reference in the text; do not put the reference on the same line as the
equation:

“Bernoulli's equation for incompressible flow is given by Equation 15.2 of Beckwith et al.
(1982) as:
P1 P2 V22 V12 ( Z 2 Z1 ) g
= = (1)
2gc gc
Define all symbols immediately after they are first used:

Mechanical output power is calculated from the formula

P= (2)
where
P is the power (typically horsepower or watts),
is the torque (typically ft-lbf or N-m), and,
is the angular velocity in RPM (revolutions per minute),

Number each equation sequentially in parentheses as shown. The equation can then be
referenced by number, e.g., "Equation (2) was used to compute motor power output.".
Center equations, and number them along the right margin, e.g., see examples above.

Refer to a numbered equation with a capital “E”, e.g., “… Equation (1) …”. If you use the
abbreviations "Eqn" or "Eq." and "Eqns." or "Eqs.," do so consistently. Place each
equation on a separate line. Unless the equation is universally well known or very short,
division should be shown on two separate lines. Equation should appear in an appropriate
manner. Notice the following examples:

Not acceptable: Y max = 3 * Pa ^ 4 / 16 * Et * 3 * (1 v ^ 2) (4)

Not acceptable: Ymax = 3Pa 4 / 16 Et 3 (1 v 2 ) (5)

3Pa 4
Acceptable:
3.12.3 Ymax =
Quotations (6)
16 Et 3 (1 v 2 )

Direct prose quotations of three typewritten lines or less should be incorporated into the text,
enclosed in double quotation marks. Prose quotations which exceed three lines should be set
off from the text in single spacing and indented in its entirety at least four spaces from the
left margin, with no quotation marks at beginning or end.
3.12.3 Footnotes and Endnotes

Notes may be in the form of footnotes, placed at the bottom of each page, or endnotes,
placed at the end of each chapter or at the end of the report before the references.

Footnotes and endnotes should be single-space within, and double-space between, each
listing. If placed at the bottom of each page, footnotes must be separated from the text by a
complete horizontal line single space above the first line of the foot note and must be written
using a smaller font size.

Arabic numerals, asterisks or small letters should be used for footnotes and endnotes. In
either case, the label used may appear either above the line or in parentheses even with the
line.

Web address of a web document should be given in the form of footnotes, placed at the
bottom of each page, wherever it is needed. The details of the web document e.g., retrieved
date, should be given in REFERENCES.

3.13 CONCLUSIONS

Continuation of the main technical chapters is the last chapter, which should be entitled as
CONCLUSIONS, DISCUSSIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS. The heading should be
centered between the text margins 5 cm from the top of the page; the title goes two line
spaces below the heading. The text begins one line space below. The title must give some
overall insight into the value of your work in general and inform the reader of what the
major impact is, together with any caveats which the reader should be aware of. A well
thought out conclusion is essential. It should draw together all the relevant arguments and
suggest or recommend the practical application of new work or possibly what further action
should be taken if appropriate. Restate the major results and interpret them. The objectives,
the proposed targets and findings of the project should be questioned in terms of the
achievements attained. Appropriate future work should also appear at the end of this chapter.
3.14 REFERENCES

References are given in order to give the exact location of a source of information or ideas
used in the document, so that the reader can refer to it later and to acknowledge the source of
information or ideas used in the construction of the argument within the document.
References are published works that have been cited by the writer in the text of the
document. They are listed at the end of the document in a standard format. All the references
should be given in an alphabetical order of the first authors’ last names. If in case of the
same author(s)’s studies are cited, they should be given according to the years published in
an increasing order.

All references must be specifically mentioned in the text of your report. References are cited
in two different places: in text as part of the information within a sentence; or in text parenthetically
not as part of the sentence’s direct information [in which case they are put into parentheses]; and in
the references section. If a reference is cited by authors’ names in the text, the date should
immediately follow in parentheses. The date only has to be stated the first time it is mentioned within
a paragraph. When it is mentioned again in the next paragraph, the date must be restated. The
names are separated by “and”. If a reference is cited parenthetically, the names and date are put in
parentheses together. The names are separated by an ampersand (&). In the references section, the
names are also separated by an ampersand.

Here are the two ways reference citations can appear in text:
1) “… Wheeler and Ganji (1996) give the equation for gain as …” or
2) “Gain is the ratio of output amplitude to input amplitude (Wheeler & Ganji, 1996).”
Note that both authors and dates are given in each style. Spell out the names for one or two
authors. For three or more authors, use “et al.” for references . For example, instead of
(“Cuttino, Woodbury, and Parker (1996) also described…”), use (“Cuttino et al. (1996) also
described …”). Each reference entry should be single-spaced with double spacing between
entries. Several examples of references are given below:
3.14.1 Format of References

A. Books:

a. one author
ALLPORT, G.W. (1973), Pattern and Growth in Personality, Holt, Reinhardt Winston, New
York.

b. more than one author

OGDEN, C.K., and RICHARDS, I.A. (1923), The Meaning of Meaning, Harcourt Brace,
New York.
OGDEN, K.K., RICHARDS, M.A., and JOHNSON, I. (1923), The Meaning of Life, Ankara
Printing Office, Ankara.

d. no author
The lottery (1923), J.Watts, London.

e. translation
BILLINGTON, D.P. (1965), Concrete Shell Structures, Betonarme Kabuk Yap#lar, trans. H.
KabataT and M.Pultar (1975) UTÜ MimarlWk Fakültesi YayWnlarW, Ustanbul.

f. edited works
YAVUZ , E., and UZUREL, Ü.N. Eds. (1984), Tarih %çinde Ankara, Seminer Bildileri (28-
30 Eylül 1981) MimarlWk Fakültesi, ODTÜ, Ankara.
g. published or written by an organization
DUE (1972), 1970 Binalar Say#m#, yayWn no.647 Devlet Ustatistik Enstitüsü MatbaasW, Ankara.

h. article in edited book

YAVUZ Y. (1984), 1923-1928 Ankara’sWnda Konut Sorunu ve Konut GeliTmesi, Tarih
%çinde Ankara, Seminer Bildirileri (28-30 Eylül 1981) Eds.E. Yavuz, and Ü.N. U[urel,
MimarlWk Fakültesi, ODTÜ, Ankara 235-256.
i. BRONTON, P. (1969), Behavior, Body Mechanics and Discomfort, Sitting Posture, ed.
E.Grandjean, Taylor and Francis, London, 315-332.

j. reports
STONE, P.T. and THOMSON, G.S. (1970), Seating for Motor Vehicles, Report no: MVR-3,
Loughborough College of Technology, Loughborough.

k. theses
FRIEDMAN, S.M. (1969), Relationship Between Cognitive Complexity, Interpersonal
Dimensions and Spatial Preferences and Properties, unpublished Ph.D.Dissertation,
University of California, Berkeley.

BEKTÖRE, U.S. (1986), Formation of Apartment Blocks in Squatter Areas as a Distinct

Aspect of Unauthorized Urban Housing Stock, yayWmlanmamWT Yüksek Lisans Tezi, \ehir ve
Bölge Planlama Bölümü, ODTÜ, Ankara.

B. Periodicals:

BARAKAT, H. (1969) A Process of Encounter between Utopia and Reality, The British
Journal of Sociology, 1-10. Vol. 20.

C. Web document on University Program or Department Web Site (with copyright):

DEGELMAN, D. and HARRIS, M. L. (2000). APA style essentials . Retrieved May 18, 2000, from
Vanguard University, Department of Psychology Web site:
http://www.vanguard.edu/psychology/index.cfm?doc_id=796&nbsp

D. Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date):

APA style guide. (n. d.). Retrieved December 3, 2001, from

http://www.newark.ohio-state.edu/~osuwrite/apa.htm
Do not give the list of references a chapter number. The heading LIST OF REFERENCES is
centered between the text margins without punctuation 5 cm from the top of the page; the list
begins one line space below the heading. Each reference entry should be single-spaced with
double spacing between entries.

3.15 APPENDICES

Some authors may desire to include certain materials of the report in an appendix rather than
in the main body. Appendices should contain relevant supporting documentation to the
work. For example, an appendix may contain test forms, detailed apparatus description,
extensive tables of raw data, computer programs, etc. Do not clutter the main document with
repetitive sheets of similar information. If you have these, the appendices are the place for
them. Appendices should be numbered and titled. Many authors are uncertain as to what to
include in the appendix section. Generally, appendices should contain relatively standard
derivations and perhaps lists of parameter values, which would interfere with the continuity
of the main body of the document. In particular, the appendix section should not contain:

a) All the figures corresponding to the document. Ideally these should appear alongside the
appropriate text.
b) Photocopies of data sheets, or other easily-accessible material.
c) Any material which is crucial to the continuity or flow of the `story' in the main technical
sections.

If the information to be appended requires more than one appendix, each should be given a
letter (Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.). The heading APPENDIX A should appear centered
between the text margins 5 cm from the top of the page. The typeface and size should be
those used for chapter titles.

Spacing need not be the same for each of the appendices. Documents and case studies may
be single-spaced, whereas spacing for the explanations of methods and procedures may be
similar to that of the main body.
Initial page number of appendices should be given in the table of contents under the heading
APPENDICES. All appendices must have page numbers written in the same typeface and
size used for pagination throughout the report.

If an appendix contains photocopied material, the photocopies should be of appropriate

quality.
 CHAPTER 4

4. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

4.1 STYLE

A report is a formal research presentation. Hence it should be written in a formal style

appropriate to the discipline (e.g., impersonal style). For example, adopt the past tense
throughout ("Results of the experiment demonstrated that. . .") and avoid slang and
colloquialisms. Technical terms should be used where appropriate, but avoid using words
and phrases that are difficult to understand when a simpler vocabulary will do just as well.

4.1.1 Style Manuals

Because stylistic conventions vary greatly from one discipline to another, you should consult
with your supervisor and/or graduate coordinator regarding recommended style manuals.
 Appendix A: Sample Title Page

Progress report submitted to

the Department of Industrial Engineering of Çankaya University
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for
IE 408 Production System Design – Practice course

PERISHABLE INVENTORY THEORY: A REVIEW

By
Mehmet KARAKAYA
M. Ali ÖZTÜRK
Kemal TÜRKÖZ
Kadir MELKE

Group No: 07

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ali GEÇER

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Veli GEÇMEZ
Assist. Prof. Dr. Kemal GÜÇLÜ
Ins. Kâmil GIRGIR

Çankaya University
Department of Industrial Engineering
Spring 2007
 Appendix B: Statement of Nonplagiarism Page

We hereby declare that all information in this report has been obtained and presented in
accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. We also declare that, as required by
these rules and conduct, we have fully cited and referenced all materials and results that are
not original to this work.

Date: _____________________
Group Members’ Name and Surname Signatures
Mehmet KARAKAYA _____________________
M. Ali KARAGÖZ _____________________
Kemal KARAKA\ _____________________
Kadir KARALAYAN _____________________
 Appendix C: A Sample Table of Abstract

ABSTRACT

AN APPROXIMATE MODEL FOR

KANBAN CONTROLLED ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS

Engin Topan
M. Sc., Department of Industrial Engineering
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Z. Müge AvGar

August 2005, 160 Pages

In this study, an approximation is proposed to evaluate the steady-state performance of

kanban controlled assembly systems. The approximation is developed for the systems with
two components making up an assembly. Then, it is extended to systems with more than two
components. A continuous-time Markov model is aggregated keeping the model exact, and
this aggregate model is approximated replacing some state-dependent transition rates with
constant rates. Decomposition of the approximate aggregate model into submodels
guarantees product-form steady-state distribution for each subsystem. Finally, submodels are
combined in such a way that the size of the problem becomes independent of the number of
kanbans. This brings about the computational advantage in solving the combined model
using numerical matrix-geometric solution algorithms. Based on the numerical comparisons
the approximation is observed to be good in terms of accuracy with respect to computational
burden and has the potential to be a building block for the analysis of systems that are more
complex but closer to real-life applications.
Keywords: Assembly Systems, Approximation, Performance Evaluation, Matrix Geometric
Solution, Kanban Control, Steady-State Behavior.
 Appendix D: A Sample Table of Özet

ÖZET

KANBAN DENETHMHNDEKH MONTAJ SHSTEMLERH

HÇHN BHR YAKLAIIK MODEL

Engin Topan
Yüksek Lisans, Endüstri MühendisliJi Bölümü
Tez Yöneticisi: Y. Doç. Dr. Z. Müge AvGar

AJustos 2005, 160 Sayfa

Bu tezde kanban denetimli montaj sistemlerinin kararlW-durum performansWnW

de[erlendirmek üzere bir yaklaTWklama önerilmektedir. YaklaTWklama, iki alt ürünün
montajlandW[W sistemler için geliTtirilmiTtir. Daha sonra, bu ikiden fazla alt ürünlü sistemlere
geniTletilmiTtir. Bir sürekli Markov modeli, modelin kesinli[ini koruyarak kümelenmiTtir.
Bu kümelenmiT model, duruma ba[WmlW geçiT oranlarW sabit geçiT oranlarW ile de[iTtirerek
yaklaTWklanmWTtWr. YaklaTWk kümelenmiT modelin alt modellere ayrWTWmW her bir alt model için
çarpWm halinde kararlW-durum da[WlWmlarWnW garanti etmektedir. Son olarak, alt modeller
problemin boyutu kanban sayWsWndan ba[WmsWz olacak biçimde birleTtirilmiTtir. Bu matris-
geometrik çözümleme algoritmalarWnW kullanarak birleTik modelin çözülmesindeki
hesaplama avantajWnW getirir. SayWsal karTWlaTtWrmalar baz alWndW[Wnda hesaplama sWkWntWsWna
kWyasla do[ruluk bakWmWndan yaklaTWklamanWn baTarWlW oldu[u gözlemlenmiTtir ve daha
kompleks fakat gerçek hayat uygulamalarWna daha yakWn sistemlerin analizlerinde yapWtaTW
olma potansiyeline sahip oldu[u görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Montaj Sistemleri, YaklaTWklama, Performans De[erlendirmesi, Matris
Geometrik Çözümleme, Kanban-Stok Denetimi, KararlW Durum.
 Appendix E: A Sample Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT OF NON PLAGIARISM.......................................................................................... ii

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................iii

ÖZET.................................................................................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................................................v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................vi

LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................vii

LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................................viii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND/OR ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................ix

LIST OF APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................x

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................1

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM..............................................................5

2.1 General Information About The Organization .......................................................................5

2.2 Description of the Problem Environment...............................................................................8

2.3 .................................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3. LITERATUR REVIEW ............................................................................................ 17

3.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 18

3.2 ............................................................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER 4. METHODS AND POSSIBLE APPROACHES ....................................................... 21

4.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 22

4.1.1 ............................................................................................................................................ 23

4.1.2 ............................................................................................................................................ 27

4.2 ............................................................................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER 5. APPLICATION, RESULTS AND FINDINGS ........................................................ 47

5.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 49

5.2 ............................................................................................................................................... 58

CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS, DISCUSSIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS ............................ 65

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 72

APPENDICES............................................................................................................................ 74