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Chapter 9 - Tutorial

The document summarizes the process of determining the steady-state temperature of a horizontal plate that loses heat through convection and radiation. Key steps include: 1) Calculating the Rayleigh number, Nusselt number, and heat transfer coefficients for the top and bottom surfaces based on properties of air. 2) Expressing heat loss through convection on top and bottom surfaces and radiation from both surfaces as functions of surface temperature. 3) Equating total heat loss to the known heat generation rate and solving to determine the surface temperature is 38.3°C.

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17 views

Chapter 9 - Tutorial

The document summarizes the process of determining the steady-state temperature of a horizontal plate that loses heat through convection and radiation. Key steps include: 1) Calculating the Rayleigh number, Nusselt number, and heat transfer coefficients for the top and bottom surfaces based on properties of air. 2) Expressing heat loss through convection on top and bottom surfaces and radiation from both surfaces as functions of surface temperature. 3) Equating total heat loss to the known heat generation rate and solving to determine the surface temperature is 38.3°C.

Uploaded by

David
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 9 – Tutorial

9-41 Heat is generated in a horizontal plate while heat is lost from it by convection and radiation. The temperature
of the plate when steady operating conditions are reached is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Air is an ideal gas with constant properties. 3 The local
atmospheric pressure is 1 atm.
Properties We assume the surface temperature to be 50°C. Then the properties of air at 1 atm and the film
temperature of (Ts+T∞)/2 = (50+20)/2 = 35°C are (Table A-15)
k = 0.02625 W/m.°C
Air
ν = 1.655 × 10 −5 m 2 /s
Pr = 0.7268 T∞ = 20°C
L = 24 cm
1 1
β= = = 0.003247 K -1
Tf (35 + 273)K
Analysis The characteristic length in this case is
As (0.24 m)(0.20 m)
Lc = = = 0.05455 m
p 2[(0.24 m) + (0.20 m)]
The Rayleigh number is
gβ (Ts − T∞ ) Lc 3 (9.81 m/s 2 )(0.003247 K -1 )(50 − 20 K )(0.05455 m) 3
Ra = Pr = (0.7268) = 411,500
ν2 (1.655 × 10 −5 m 2 /s) 2
The Nusselt number relation for the top surface of the plate (horizontal hot surface, facing up) is
Nu = 0.54 Ra 0.25 = 0.54(411,500) 0.25 = 13.68
Then
k 0.02625 W/m.°C
h= Nu = (13.68) = 6.581 W/m 2 .°C
Lc 0.05455 m
and
Q top = hA(Ts − T∞ ) = (6.581 W/m 2 .°C)(0.24 × 0.20 m 2 )(Ts − 20)°C = 0.3159(Ts − 20)

The Nusselt number relation for the bottom surface of the plate (horizontal hot surface, facing down) is
Nu = 0.27 Ra 0.25 = 0.27(411,500) 0.25 = 6.838
Then
k 0.02625 W/m.°C
h= Nu = (6.838) = 3.291 W/m 2 .°C
Lc 0.05455 m

Q bottom = hA(Ts − T∞ ) = (3.291 W/m 2 .°C)(0.24 × 0.20 m 2 )(Ts − 20)°C = 0.1580(Ts − 20)
Considering that radiation heat loss to surroundings occur both from top and bottom surfaces, it may be expressed
as
Q rad = 2εAσ (Ts 4 − Tsurr 4 )
[
= (0.9)(2)(0.24 × 0.20 m 2 )(5.67 × 10 −8 W/m 2 .K 4 ) (Ts + 273 K ) 4 − (17 + 273 K ) 4 ]
= 4.899 × 10 −9
[(T s
4
+ 273 K ) − (17 + 273 K ) 4
]
When the heat lost from the plate equals to the heat generated, the steady operating conditions are reached. The
surface temperature in this case can be determined by trial-error or using EES to be
Q total = Q top + Q bottom + Q rad
[
20 W = 0.3159(Ts − 20) + 0.1580(Ts − 20) + 4.899 × 10 −9 (Ts + 273 K ) 4 − (17 + 273 K ) 4 ]
Ts = 38.3°C
The surface temperature is about 12°C below the assumed surface temperature of 50°C. For more accuracy, it is
recommended to repeat the caluations with a lower value of surface temperature.

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