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MAGNETOM C!
MR

Troubleshooting Guide
System

Gradient

08106705

© Siemens AG 2005
The reproduction, transmission or use
of this document or its contents is not
permitted without express written
authority. Offenders will be liable for
damages. All rights, including rights
created by patent grant or registration
of a utility model or design, are
reserved.

Print No.: M4-030.840.16.01.02 English

Replaces: M4-030.840.01.03.02 Doc. Gen. Date: 09.06
2 Revision / Disclaimer
1Revision / Disclaimer

Document revision level

The document corresponds to the version/revision level effective at the time of system
delivery. Revisions to hardcopy documentation are not automatically distributed.
Please contact your local Siemens office to order current revision levels.

Disclaimer
The installation and service of equipment described herein is to be performed by qualified
personnel who are employed by Siemens or one of its affiliates or who are otherwise
authorized by Siemens or one of its affiliates to provide such services.
Assemblers and other persons who are not employed by or otherwise directly affiliated
with or authorized by Siemens or one of its affiliates are directed to contact one of the
local offices of Siemens or one of its affiliates before attempting installation or service pro-
cedures.

MAGNETOM C! M4-030.840.16.01.02 Page 2 of 60 Siemens AG

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Table of Contents 3
1- 0Table of Contents

1 _______ Gradient _______________________________________________________ 4

Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Sources for errors in the gradient system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Error handling of GPP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
CAN Error handling - Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Troubleshooting Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Overview of GPP K2229 Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Image Quality - Test Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Small signal unit (SSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Power stages (PS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Gradient coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Test procedures Service Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Service Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

2 _______ Index _________________________________________________________ 60

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The enclosed information applies to MAGNETOM C! systems using software Numaris 4

VA26C and are equipped with the gradient power processor K2229 (GPP). It contains
information about possible errors, error displays and how to use the RS232 interface on
the small signal unit (SSU). The TSG charts should assist you during troubleshooting. In
the following part - Procedures - test procedures and adjustments available after replace-
ment of components will be presented.

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Strategy 0

Prerequisites 0

The prerequisites for performing successful troubleshooting of the gradient system using
this document are:
• Manual Functional Description (Part Gradient System)
• Manual Diagrams (Part Gradient System)
• Set of standard tools
• Digital multi meter, Fluke 8060A or equivalent
• Service PC with RS232 service cable

Abbreviations 0

ECA Electronic Cabinet

MCU Main control unit
FOC Fiber optic cable
GPA Gradient Power Amplifier
SSU Small Signal Unit
GPP Gradient power processor
PS Power stage
WIB Wiring board
DVM Digital voltmeter

Sources for errors in the gradient system 0

As compared to most of the other system components, the gradient system contains a
number of assemblies that generate and process analog as well as digital signals. Errors
are usually looped across several assemblies. Usually, if error messages are sent by the
application software (ASW) to the MMC via the CAN bus, the modulators will be blocked
at the same time. The gradient current control is disabled and the regulation error mes-
sage is generated as a consequence.
Except for image quality errors, the following major types of errors are stored in the sys-
tem error log. Several of them are also indicated via LEDs on the SSU:
• Dynamic errors:
These errors occur during measurements: They are either reproducible under the same
conditions or they appear sporadically. In either case, the measurement is terminated.
In most cases, the error message generated corresponds to the actual situation.

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• Static errors:
These errors messages are generated during GPP switch-on. Reset will not remove
these errors. The source for error is an actual defect in the component or an error in the
monitoring/transfer path (monitoring error).
• Image quality errors:
Image quality depends on the error-free interactions between all system components,
the most important of these are the RF and gradient systems. No specific error
message will be generated when image quality is degraded.
Refer to (Image Quality - Test Strategy / p. 37).
When errors continue to occur, monitoring errors have to be ruled out (refer to
(Fig. 1 / p. 6), the arrows show the range of error sources). There is a relatively simple
test that traces the signal path, e.g. it tests the light emitter and the fiber optic cables
(FOC). Light off means that there is an error (fail safe-principle).

Fig. 1: Error signal sources in a transmission line

Example:
The components involved in the error COIL_NOT_RDY (refer to (Chart 02 / p. 18)) are:
• NTC in gradient coil
• Coil plug
• Line to wiring board (WIB)
• Plug on WIB
• WIB/D2 monitoring assembly with fiber optic cable transmitter, including voltage supply
• FOC WIB -> U10/D1 (in gradient small signal unit, SSU)
• Service and CAN assembly in the SSU
• CAN bus transmission path to MCU

Error handling of GPP 0

1. The error situation occurs.

2. The GPP will be switched off. (The modulators will be inhibited).
3. In approximately 1 second, all occurring error messages will be collected and dis-
played on the PC Terminal (if connected).
4. The error messages that occurred will be analyzed by the GPP.
5. The most relevant error will be displayed via Error LEDs on SSU/D1, transmitted via
CAN Bus to the system, logged (Event Log), and displayed on the system monitor.

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Fig. 2: Error handling of GPP

CAN Error handling - Error codes 0

Error messages are forwarded directly or via a software-controlled multiplexer to the CAN
processor.
All changes in GPA-status are forwarded from the CAN processor on D1 K2229 to the
MPCU via a CAN telegram such as “ Alarm“ , “General Error“ or “Warning“ .
The type of telegram to be used is established in the application software of the GPA CAN
unit. The definitions for the three types of telegrams are:

Alarm: Fatal error or error status which will terminate a measurement in

progress or prevent the start of a measurement. Whenever possi-
ble, the error will be indicated independent of the MPCU or MPCU
software (e.g. red LEDs at the GPP).
General Error: Serious error or error status which will terminate a measurement in
progress or prevent the start of a measurement.
Warning: Error status which neither affects the measurement in progress nor
prevents the start of a measurement. However the image quality
may be affected!

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Error messages in the Event Log

Made available on the Service Software Homepage, you can select more or less detailed
information from the error logger in the Event log window. shows the window with the
selections possible.

Fig. 3: Event log window

Each Message ID has a hypertext-link to an Extended Error Message explanation. Here
you will find more information in regard to the recommended action and an explanation of
the error message.

Fig. 4: Example of an Extended Error Message

The Explanation line provides you with a more detailed description of the error.
The Action line gives you a recommended action to solve the error.
Additional information may be found in the information line.

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Test of CAN communication and GPA status

If you select GPA status within the platform “TestTools“ of the service software, the fol-
lowing two quick tests will be performed:
• Test of the CAN communication between SSU/D1 with MMC/PCI-CAN.
• A listing of the GPP status will be displayed. Error conditions are marked with.
In case of errors, the displayed diagnosis will provide you with hints for further trouble-
shooting.

Error reset and warm restart of GPA

The latched error signals (displayed by error LED on the SSU) can be reset via the
“Reset“ button on D1/S3 (reset for Flip-Flops and CPU), except for permanent errors.

NOTE During a reset, a SSU power supply error will be reported to the
host.

Pressing the “Master reset“ button D1/S4 provokes a warm restart, new booting of the
PLO and a CAN reset, i.e. Power on sequence of the GPP.
Static errors will then be logged and displayed again.

Manual switching ON and OFF

By pressing the “ON“ button D1/S5, the GPP can be switched on (modulators on), but:
Before the first manual power on using button D1/S5, the service mode has to be - at
least once - activated.
By pressing the “OFF“ button D1/S6, the GPP can be switched off (modulators off)
always (->modulators disabled).

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Description:
S5: GPP ON
S6: GPP OFF

S3: Error reset

S4: Master reset

Fig. 5: SSU/D1 Control buttons

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Error LED on SSU/D1

Description:
V49, V50 (yellow): Power ON
V33 (yellow): CPU running
(LED blinks slowly)
V34 (yellow): Service Mode ON
V51, V35, V52 (green): X, Y, Z modulator ON
V36 (green): SSU ON
Error LED’s:
V53 - V56 (red): Error Hexcode, upper Byte
V37 - V40 (red): Error Hexcode, lower Byte
Example:
V54 ON -> 2h
V37, V38 and V40 ON -> 1h + 2h + 8h = Bh
LED Error code: 2Bh ( X under voltage)
These error numbers can also be read out
with the corresponding error message on a
Service PC connected to D1/X23 via the
RS232 interface.
V57 (yellow): ON during loading of CAN firm-
ware
V41 (yellow): CAN loadware running (LED
blinks fast)

Fig. 6: LED’s on D1/SSU

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Dip Switches SSU/D1

Description:
S1/2: Calibration mode on / off
S1/3: DAC ZERO, forces digital 0
S1/4: Test sequence on / off
S1/5: Service mode on / off
S1/6: Z-Modulator on / off
S1/7: Y-Modulator on / off
S1/8: X-Modulator on / off
S2/1-4: Only for factory use
S2/5-8: CAN Address -> 2
The test sequence runs only in service
mode.

Fig. 7: DIP switches normal operation

Listing of LED Error displays on D1/SSU

Error LED Error message on PC (via RS 232) Reference

Hexcodes
10 SUU supply error Refer to (Chart 06 / p. 22)
11 Wrong configuration Refer to (Chart 05 / p. 21)
12 Calibration failed Refer to (Chart 08 / p. 24)
13 Internal SSU error Refer to (Chart 05 / p. 21)

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Error LED Error message on PC (via RS 232) Reference

Hexcodes
14 Grad Data error Refer to (Chart 04 / p. 20)
16 Coil not ready Refer to (Chart 02 / p. 18)
19 Modulator could not be set Refer to (Chart 18 / p. 36)
20, 30, 40 X, Y, Z Current probe error Refer to (Chart 10 / p. 27)
21, 31, 41 X, Y, Z Duty cycle Refer to (Chart 11 / p. 28)
22, 32, 42 X, Y, Z Over current Refer to (Chart 11 / p. 28)
23, 33, 43 X, Y, Z Current error Refer to (Chart 10 / p. 27)
24, 34, 44 X, Y, Z Load symmetry (ground short) Refer to (Chart 12 / p. 29)
25, 35, 45 X, Y, Z Regulator instable Refer to (Chart 09 / p. 25)
26, 36, 46 X, Y, Z Communication error Refer to (Chart 13 / p. 30)
27, 37, 47 X, Y, Z Over temperature Refer to (Chart 14 / p. 32)
28, 38, 48 X, Y, Z Power stage error Refer to (Chart 16 / p. 34)
29, 39, 49 X, Y, Z Internal supply error Refer to (Chart 17 / p. 35)
2A, 3A, 4A X, Y, Z Over voltage Refer to (Chart 15 / p. 33)
2B, 3B, 4B X, Y, Z Under voltage Refer to (Chart 15 / p. 33)
2C, 3C, 4C X, Y, Z long RE Refer to (Chart 09 / p. 25)
2D, 3D, 4D X, Y, Z often RE Refer to (Chart 09 / p. 25)
2E 3E 4E Wrong configuration Y plugged to X X Refer to (Chart 07 / p. 23)
2F 3F 4F plugged to Y X plugged to Z
Z plugged to X Z plugged to Y Y
plugged to

NOTE In case of an axis-specific main supply error (under/over voltage

error), the general main supply error comes up too. (Refer to
(Chart 03 / p. 19) and (Chart 15 / p. 33)).

Error LED at power stages

HEX/L Morse code Green LED Yellow LED Red LED

ED-co
de
0 •••• Power ON No light = No volt- No light = OK
age
1 •••_ Idle Over voltage Link Warning

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HEX/L Morse code Green LED Yellow LED Red LED

ED-co
de
2 ••_• Temp. pass Under volt. a
3 ••__ Volt. pass
4 •_•• Prepared Under volt. b Over voltage Error
5 •_•_ Test1 Under volt. a Error
6 •__• Test2 Under volt. b+c Under volt. b Error
7 •___ Test3 Under volt. c Error
8 _••• Under volt. c Over temp. Error
9 _••_ Link Error
A _•_• Under volt. a+c Internal supply
Error
B _•__ Sequence low Load Error
C __•• Sequence max Under volt. a+b Filter overshoot
Error
D __•_ Sequence med
E ___• Under volt. all
F ____ Running Normal voltage

Fig. 8: Error Led’s at power stage (green - yellow - red)

After power on, the status of the PS steps from “0“ to “4“ (prepared), and when switching
on , the status changes to “F“ (in case of no error condition).

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If an error occurs, the power on process stops and the error LEDs show the correspond-
ing Morse code. The PS status can also be read out by a Service PC connected to the
RS232 interface; Input command: AX. (Refer to (Using the RS 232 Interface / p. 47)).

Troubleshooting Charts 0

Content of a TSG Chart

• Error message Id: xx = > Error identity number in the Event Log;
Error LED: yy => LED Error code at SSU/D1 and PC terminal (via RS 232) (Refer to
(Error LED on SSU/D1 / p. 11) and (Listing of LED Error displays on D1/SSU / p. 12)).
• Symbolic Name: Name of error signal in the application software Error message on PC
terminal. (via RS232)
• Error Description frame: Description of the original meaning of the error and routing of
the error signal.
• Symptom:
How you can recognize the error.
• Area of Trouble (Components/function):
Localization of the error in the system, a component or a system function.
• Probable Cause:
Description of probable reasons for failure.
• Service Action:
Recommended action for remedy.
• Reference:
Further support for troubleshooting.
• Remarks:Additional information
Comments for using the following troubleshooting charts:
• Check all error messages and the time sequence of their appearance
• Refer to the corresponding TSG charts
• If you do not have a clear idea of the cause of error, proceed step-by-step through the
recommended service actions of the TSG charts.

Overview of GPP K2229 Errors 0

(transmitted via CAN-Bus to MPCU)

GPP K2229 Errors TSG Chart

CANSYS_15 01/(Chart 01 / p. 17)
Gradient coil not ready 02/(Chart 02 / p. 18)
Main power supply not ready 03/(Chart 03 / p. 19)

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GPP K2229 Errors TSG Chart

Gradient data error 04/(Chart 04 / p. 20)
SSU internal error 05/(Chart 05 / p. 21)
SSU supply error 06/(Chart 06 / p. 22)
Configuration error 07/(Chart 07 / p. 23)
Calibration error 08/(Chart 08 / p. 24)
Regulation error on X,Y,Z-axis 09/(Chart 09 / p. 25)
Current actual value/sensor error on 10/(Chart 10 / p. 27)
X,Y,Z-axis
High current/Duty cycle error on X,Y,Z-axis 11/(Chart 11 / p. 28)
Load error on X,Y,Z-axis 12/(Chart 12 / p. 29)
Communication error on X,Y,Z-axis 13/(Chart 13 / p. 30)
High temperature on X,Y,Z-axis 14/(Chart 14 / p. 32)
Main supply error on X,Y,Z-axis 15/(Chart 15 / p. 33)
Power stage error on X,Y,Z-axis 16/(Chart 16 / p. 34)
Driver supply voltage error on X,Y,Z-axis 17/(Chart 17 / p. 35)
Modulator could not be set 18/(Chart 18 / p. 36)

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 Chart 01
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Gradient
Error ID: 15 Symbolic Name: GPP_CANSYS_15
Error LED: na RS232: na
The DC supply voltage +5VDC (Lambda power supply, slot 1) is too low. The voltage is monitored on SSU/D1 (CAN piggy board D1); the
error signal is routed via CAN Bus to the MPCU.
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. CAN communica- a. Lambda power sup- Lambda power supply defec- Measure/adjust the output volt- Test proc. (Adjust-
tion error i.e. no CAN ply or SSU tive; ages directly at the outputs of ment of Lambda
communication to GPP Short circuit, defective SSU the power supply slots. If not power supply
possible adjustable replace the SSU. voltages / p. 46)
Green LED V36 on b. Power supply lines Power supply lines not con- Check plug X16 at SSU.
SSU/D1 is off. nected
02. Green LED V36 on a. Monitoring error CAN interface defective Replace defective SSU.
SMMR

SSU/D1 is on. 1

1. Not guaranteed, because internal SSU-CPU may has been shut down.
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 Chart 02
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Error ID: 18 Symbolic Name: GPP_COIL_NOT_READY
Error LED: 16h RS232: Coil not ready
The gradient coil temperature exceeds 75 °C. The temperature is measured by four NTC-resistors located in the gradient coil. Monitoring
is performed on WIB/D2 (at magnet). The error signal is routed via FOC <035> from WIB D2/U1 to SSU/D1/U10 and via CAN Bus to the
MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. Error during normal a. Gradient coil temper- Thermal overload caused by Wait 10 minutes until the coil
operation of the sys- ature too high specific measurement condi- temperature is within a safe
tem: FOC from tions range. Check sequence
WIB/U1/D2 to parameters.
SSU/U10/D1 is glowing
weakly.1 Failure of cooling system Check gradient cooling system TSG “Cooling”,
(Gracco). page 179
SMMR

02. Error exists perma- a. Monitoring error NTC/cable defective Measure the NTC resistance. Test proc. (Mea-
nently: surement of
NTC-resistors at
WIB / p. 55)
Page 18 of 60

Sensor cable is not connected Check cables and connectors

at magnet and WIB.
FOC <035> from WIB to SSU Check FOC from WIB D2/U1 to
defective or not connected SSU D1/U10. (light off = error)
WIB/supply voltages Check the WIB (U1 off = error).
SSU/D1 defective Replace defective SSU.

Gradient
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1. At a coil temperature of about 20°C, the NTC resistance should be approx. 20 - 42 kOhm and lower than 5k Ohm at the temperature limit. A temperature warning
(at 40 °C coil temperature) is sent by WIB/D2/U2 via FOC <036> to RFCI D20/U3.
 Chart 03
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Gradient
Error ID: 19,20 Symbolic Name: GPP_MAIN_SUPPLY_NOT_READY_ERR, _WARN
Error LED: na RS232: Power off
This error message is currently used in connection with axis-specific error1 (Refer to (Chart 15 / p. 33)).

1. This error messages comes up if pressing D1/S6 while system is running (manual power off) and together with a shutdown due to other errors. Fuses of the
GPA: Circuit breaker F9,10,11 (3*120VAC/25A) for power stages; Circuit Breaker F16/230VAC/6A for SSU.
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Error ID: 28,29 Symbolic Name: GPP_GRAD_DATA_ERR, _WARN
Error LED: 14h RS232: Grad data error
The gradient data are illegal or the timing is incorrect. The gradient data are transmitted by the gradient waveform interface cable from the
MC4C40/GCTX to the D2/SSU (connector X600). The error is monitored at a PLD on SSU/D2 and routed via CAN Bus to the MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. Error during normal a. Communication Error on MMC Run Loop test TestTools/Gra- SeSo: Test Tools
operation between MMC and (MC4C40/GCTX) dient DAC. MMC
Image quality may be D2/SSU.
Gradient data cable and /or Check gradient data cable; run SeSo: Test Tools
degraded.1 connectors (X600/D2/SSU) test DAC/Functional, data Gradient
defective transfer between GCTX and
DAC.
b. Illegal gradient data Illegal sequence data (No syn- Check sequence data.
SMMR

from MMC chronization or di/dt of

sequence too high).
c. DAC on D2/SSU D2/SSU defective Replace defective SSU.
Page 20 of 60

1. In the service mode this error is treated as a warning and will not be evaluated, i.e. modulators will be not disabled. The image quality may be degraded

Gradient
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 Chart 05
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Gradient
Error ID: 30 Symbolic Name: GPP_INT_SSU_ERR
Error LED: 11h or 13h RS 232: Wrong configuration or Internal SSU error
The configuration of SSU/FPGA’s failed or an internal communication error occurred. The error is monitored at SSU/D1 and routed via
CANBus to the MPCU.
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. Error during switch a. GPP system clock System clock rate is out of tol- Adjust the 32MHz internal SSU Test proc.SSU
on or normal operation erance clock.
of GPP
Gradient data cable and /or Check gradient data cable; run SeSo: Test Tools
connectors (X600/D2/SSU) test DAC/Functional, data Gradient
defective transfer between GCTX and
DAC.
SSU defective Replace defective SSU.
SMMR
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Error ID: 31 Symbolic Name: GPP_SSU_SUPPL_ERR
Error LED: 10h RS232: SSU supply error
The DC supply voltage +/- 15VDC, +15VDC or +5VDC (Lambda power supply, slot 1,2,3) is out of tolerance. The error signal is routed via
CAN Bus to the MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. Error after GPP a. Lambda power sup- Lambda power supply defec- Measure/adjust the output volt- Test proc. (Adjust-
switch on or during nor- ply or SSU tive; ages directly at the outputs of ment of Lambda
mal operation Short circuit, defective SSU the power supply slots. If not power supply
LED’s on SSU/D1 are adjustable, replace the SSU. voltages / p. 46)
off. b. Power supply lines Power supply lines not con- Check plug X16, X3 at SSU.
nected or defective
02. Some LED’s on a. Monitoring error SSU defective Replace defective SSU.
SMMR

SSU/D1 may be on.

Remarks: This message also appears when the Reset button (SSU/D1/S3) is pressed.
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 Chart 07
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Gradient
Error ID: 32 Symbolic Name: GPP_CONFIG_ERR
Error LED: 2Eh, 2Fh,... RS232: Wrong configuration
An configuration error is monitored at SSU/D1, i.e. ID’s of hardware and /or PROMS do not match. The error signal is routed via CAN Bus
to the MPCU.
M4-030.840.16.01.02
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Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. Error after GPP a. PROM configuration Wrong or missing PROM’s Check for wrong or missing
switch on PROM’s. Check for right part
numbers during installation.
b. Communication Wrong or defective FOC con- Check the following FOC con-
between SSU and nection between SSU and nection:
power stages power stages or swapped PS -> SSUD1:
FOC’s
U3(X) -> D1/U8
SMMR

U3(Y) -> D1/U6

U3(Z) -> D1/U4
Page 23 of 60

SSU/D1 -> PS:

D1/U11 -> U1(X)
D1/U12 -> U1(Y)
D1/U13 -> U1(Z)
c. SSU internal error Monitoring error or SSU defec- Replace defective SSU.
tive
Remarks: For the definition of Error LED display, refer to the table on (Listing of LED Error displays on D1/SSU / p. 12).
MAGNETOM C!

23
 Chart 08
MAGNETOM C!

24
Error ID: 33 Symbolic Name: GPP_CALIB_ERR
Error LED:12h RS232: Calibration fails
The offsets in the GPP are out of tolerance. The error signal is routed via CAN Bus to the MPCU.

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Error after GPP a. Power stage (current Defective current sensors Perform a Offset adjustment; if Proc.(Power stages
switch on sensors) no success: Swap power (PS) / p. 54)
stages; if the error corre-
sponds to a power stage,
replace defective power stage.
b. SSU Defective SSU Replace defective SSU.
SMMR
Page 24 of 60

Gradient
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 Chart 09
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Gradient
Error ID: 36,37,58,59,80,81 Symbolic Name: GPP_REG_ERR, _WARN_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED: 25h,2Ch,2Dh,... RS232: X Reg. unstable, X long RE, X often RE,...
The error signal is monitored in the closed loop error logic on D2. If the regulator is unstable (i.e. oscillating and could not reach the spec-
ified regulation accuracy within a certain time) or the error signal is present for too long or it is too often out of tolerance, an error signal is
generated on D2 and routed via the CAN Bus to the MPCU.
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Dynamic error while a. Measurement Gradient rise time (required Switch on the Service mode to
running a measurement sequence from the sequence) is too fast find the affected axis.
Run the specific sequence
again; check the sequence
parameters, if other than Sie-
mens-released sequences are
SMMR

used.
b. Gradient data trans- MC4C40/GCTX defective, Run MMC test; run gradient SeSo: Test Tools
mission Data cable and/or connectors test for DAC; check gradient MMC Gradient
Page 25 of 60

defective data cable and connectors.

(Gradient rise time is too fast)
MAGNETOM C!

25
 MAGNETOM C!

26
Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference
(Components/func-
tion)
01. Dynamic error while c. Load circuit gradient Gradient coil, cable connec- Check the continuity of the
running a measurement coil interrupted tions load circuit; check for loose
cable connections.
d. Power stage Defective power stage Swap power stages; replace Proc. (Power stages
defective power stage (PS) / p. 54)
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

e. SSU Defective SSU Check the regulator parameter

via the RS232 interface, using
the service PC; replace defec-
tive SSU.
Remarks: The LED error code is 2xh for X-axis, 3xh for Y-axis and 4xh for Z-axis.
In Service mode, the regulation error is treated as a warning and will not be evaluated, i.e. modulators and regulators will be not disabled.
SMMR
Page 26 of 60

Gradient
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 Chart 10
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Gradient
Error ID: 38,60,82 Symbolic Name: GPP_SENS_ERR_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED: 20h or 23h, ... RS232: X current probe or X current error,...
The current value, measured by the current sensors in the PS, is not plausible: The difference of the measured current to and from the
gradient coil is too high or the plug check (current sensor not plugged at SSU) failed. The error is monitored in the SSU/D2, the error sig-
nal is routed via the CAN Bus to the MPCU.
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. Error during switch a. Signal line between Defective cable and/or plug; Check cable between power
on or normal operation power stages and SSU connector not plugged. stages an SSU X1(X-axis),
(current sensor cables) X200(Y-axis) and
X400(Z-axis)
b. Power stage/current Defective current sensor Swap the power stages; Proc. (Power stages
sensor replace defective power stage. (PS) / p. 54)
SMMR

c. SSU Defective SSU/D2 Swap the relevant power stage Proc. (Power stages
(cables /FOC’s from SSU) and (PS) / p. 54)
gradient current cables at the
same time; replace defective
Page 27 of 60

SSU.
Remarks: The LED error code is 20h for X-axis, 30h for Y-axis and 40h for Z-axis.
MAGNETOM C!

27
 Chart 11
MAGNETOM C!

28
Error ID: 39,61,83 Symbolic Name: GPP_HI_CURR_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED: 21h or 22h, ... RS232: X Duty cycle or X Over current,...
The actual current or the duty cycle exceeds the limit. Monitoring is performed at SSU/D2 and an error signal is routed via CAN Bus to the
MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Dynamic error while a. Measurement Sporadic overload First run the duty_cycle
running a measurement sequence sequence: If ok, check the
measurement sequence
parameters.
b. Load circuit Short in the load circuit Measure the resistance of the
load circuit; short, if only a few
mOhm.
SMMR

c. Communication Error on MMC Run MMC Tests. SeSo: Test Tools

between MMC and (MC4C40/GCTX) MMC
SSU
Page 28 of 60

d. Power stages Defective power stage Swap power stage; replace Proc. (Power stages
defective power stage (PS) / p. 54)
Remarks: The LED error code is 21h for X-axis, 31h for Y-axis and 41h for Z-axis.

Gradient
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 Chart 12
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Gradient
Error ID: 40,62,84 Symbolic Name: GPP_LOAD_ERR_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED: 24h,... RS 232: X load symmetry,...
An asymmetrical load current due to a possible ground short in the load circuit was detected on PS/D20. The error signal is routed via
FOC to SSU/D1 and via CAN Bus to the MPCU.
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Error during switch a. Load circuit of corre- Ground short of corresponding Check the load circuit for
on or normal operation sponding axis load circuit ground shorts; swap gradient
cables/axes.
b. Power stage Defective power stage Swap power stage; replace Proc. (Power stages
defective power stage. (PS) / p. 54)
Remarks: The LED error code is 24h for X-axis, 34h for Y-axis and 44h for Z-axis.
SMMR
Page 29 of 60
MAGNETOM C!

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 Chart 13
MAGNETOM C!

30
Error ID: 41,63,85 Symbolic Name: GPP_COM_ERR_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED:26h,... RS232: X Communication,...
A communication error (parity check error) is detected either in the PS/D20 or in the SSU/D1. The error signal is routed via CAN Bus to
the MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Error during switch a. FOC connection Defective or not plugged FOC Check the following connec-
on or normal operation between correspond- tions: PS -> SSUD1:
ing PS and SSU Mixed up FOC connection
U3(X) -> D1/U8
U3(Y) -> D1/U6
U3(Z) -> D1/U4
SSU/D1 -> PS:
SMMR

D1/U11 -> U1(X)

D1/U12 -> U1(Y)
Page 30 of 60

D1/U13 -> U1(Z)

b. SSU clock Unstable SSU clock or clock Measure/adjust SSU clock Proc. SSU page 158
out of tolerance range
c. Gradient data cable Data cable and/or connectors Check the data cable and plug
between MMC and defective X600 at SSU/D2
SSU
d. SSU Defective SSU Replace defective SSU

Gradient
Medical Solutions

e. Power stage Defective power stage Swap power stage; replace Proc. (Power stages
Siemens AG

defective PS (PS) / p. 54)

Remarks: The LED error code is 26h for X-axis, 36h for Y-axis and 46h for Z-axis.
Gradient 31

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 Chart 14
MAGNETOM C!

32
Error ID: 42,64,86 Symbolic Name: GPP_TEMP_ERR_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED: 27h,... RS 232: X Over temperature,...
The power stage temperature exceeds the limit. The temperature is measured inside the power stages (in the power stage transistor mod-
ule).The signal is evaluated on driver logic board D20 and an error signal is sent via FOC to SSU/D1. The error signal is routed via CAN
Bus to the MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Dynamic error while a. Measurement Load of GPA by measurement Check the sequence parame-
running a measurement sequence parameters or measurement ters; run an approved high
or error during switch conditions are too high. duty cycle sequence.
on sequence
b. Power stage cooling Overheating of power stages Check power stage blowers
system and the air flow in the ECA
cabinet.
SMMR

c. Monitoring error Defective temperature sen- Replace power stage

sors in PS
Page 32 of 60

Remarks: The LED error code is 27h for X-axis, 37h for Y-axis and 47h for Z-axis.

Gradient
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 Chart 15
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Gradient
Error ID: 43,65,87 Error Symbolic Name: GPP_MAIN_SUPPLY_X, _Y, _Z
LED: 2Ah or 2Bh,... RS 232: X Overvoltage or X Undervoltage,...
An over or under voltage was detected on PS/D20. The error signal is routed via FOC to SSU/D1 and via CAN Bus to the MPCU.

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Dynamic error while a. Main supply voltage Over/under voltage at power Measure the main supply volt-
running a measure- for power stages stage age at E6.X1: 3*120 VAC.
ment or error during Check circuit breaker
switch-on sequence F9,10,11.
b. Power stage Defective power stage Swap power stages; replace Proc. (Power stages
defective power stage. (PS) / p. 54)
Remarks:
SMMR

The LED error code is 2Bh for X-axis, 3Bh for Y-axis and 4Bh for Z-axis.
In Service mode, the main supply error is treated as a warning and will not be evaluated, i.e. modulators and regulators will be disabled on
the affected axis only.
Page 33 of 60

In case of an axis-specific main supply error, the general main supply error comes up as well, refer also to (Chart 03 / p. 19).
MAGNETOM C!

33
 Chart 16
MAGNETOM C!

34
Error ID: 47,69,91 Symbolic Name: GPP_POW_STAGE_ERR_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED: 28h,... RS 232: X Power stage error,...
An oscillation in the output filter of the power stage or an internal PS error was detected on PS/D20. The error signal is routed via FOC to
SSU/D1 and via the CAN Bus to the MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Dynamic error a. Load circuit Open load circuit Check connections of gradi-
while running a mea- ent cables.
surement
b. Power stage Defective power stage Swap power stages; replace Proc. (Power stages
defective power stage. (PS) / p. 54)
Remarks: The LED error code is 28h for X-axis, 38h for Y-axis and 48h for Z-axis.
SMMR
Page 34 of 60

Gradient
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 Chart 17
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Gradient
Error ID: 49,71,93 Symbolic Name: GPP_DRIV_SUPPL_X, _Y, _Z
Error LED: 29h,... RS232: X Internal supply,...
The internal supply (driver supply voltage) of a power stage is out of tolerance. The error is monitored in the PS/D20, routed via FOC to
the SSU/D1 and via the CAN Bus to the MPCU.
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Dynamic error a. Lambda power sup- Not correctly adjusted or If green LED V29 on SSU/D1 Proc. (Adjustment of
while running a mea- ply defective Lambda power sup- is on, driver supply voltage is Lambda power supply
surement or error dur- ply present. voltages / p. 46)
ing switch on sequence Measure/adjust the supply
Green LED V29 on voltage at slot 2; if not possi-
SSU/D1 is off. ble, replace SSU.
b. Cable connection Defective cable and/or plug. Check cable connection
SMMR

between power supply Connector X3 not plugged between power supply and
and SSU SSU/D1.
Page 35 of 60

c. Cable connection Defective cable and/or plug. Check cable connection

between SSU and Connector SSU/D1/X5 or between SSU/D1/X5 and
power stage. PS/X3 not plugged. PS/X3
02. Green LED V29 on d. Power stage Defective power stage Check the supply voltage at Proc. (Power stages
SSU/D1 is on. PS/X3; if ok, swap power (PS) / p. 54)
stages; replace defective
power stage.
Remarks: The LED error code is 29h for X-axis, 39h for Y-axis and 49h for Z-axis.
MAGNETOM C!

Since this a very severe error, Reboot scanner will not clear it. The error will be reset only by power off (SSU/F16) or system power off.

35
 Chart 18
MAGNETOM C!

36
Error ID: 25, 26 Symbolic Name: GPP_MOD_SET_ERR,_WARN
Error LED: 19 RS 232: n.a.
The modulators of the three axes x, y, z can be controlled by the service software or by DIP-switches S1/6,7,8 on SSU/D1, i.e. they can
be switched on and off. If after a control command from the MPCU, the modulators are not in the desired condition, this error is generated
by the gradient processor. The error signal will be routed via CAN Bus to the MPCU.
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

Symptom Area of Trouble Probable Cause Service Action Reference

(Components/func-
tion)
01. Normal operation of a. SSU/D1 Modulator switches on Set switches in on (upward)
MR measurement sys- SSU/D1 are in off (down- position.
tem. ward) position.
One or more of green b. Error condition of A previously occurred error in Check the event log for previ-
LED’s V51, V52, V35 GPP the gradient system is not yet ous error messages from the
are off. solved. GPP. Refer to the corre-
SMMR

sponding TSG Chart.

c. CAN-Bus CAN-Bus communication is Check CAN Bus cable con- Run TestTools Gradi-
interrupted. nections and communication. ent Status
Page 36 of 60

Remarks: In the service mode (DIP-switch S1/5 on SSU/D1 in upward position) this error is treated as a warning and will not be evaluated,
i.e. modulators will not be disabled (with the exception of manual disabling via DIP-switches on SSU/D1.

Gradient
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Siemens AG
Gradient 37

Image Quality - Test Strategy 0

General
The stability of the MR system is critical to the quality of MR imaging. Stability Check and
CalcAr are routines used during tune-up and quality assurance to monitor the stability of
the MR imaging system.
If the results of either or both of these routines are greater than a specific tolerance, the
source of the instability can be found by investigating the various components making up
the MR imaging system.
The service engineer would use the Gradient Tests (DAC Functional, Grad.linearity) in the
Test Tools service software platform when there is an indication that the source of the
problem, e.g.instability, is in the gradient system:
For instance, when the instability measured in the QA functions of the service software
Stability Check or CalcAr is orientation- dependent, it is indicative of instability due to
gradient instability and not RF or magnetic field instability.
Other QA-functions check whether system parameters are adjusted correctly, e.g. ECC
Check or Graddelay. If the results are not within tolerance, you have to perform the corre-
sponding measurements/adjustments of the tune-up.
In case of orientation dependent RF-disturbances in the image, which may be caused
by the gradient system (switching frequency of the amplifiers), you should interchange the
gradient cables from the GPP of the affected axis in order to locate the origin of the prob-
lem. If the disturbances disappear with swapped cables, the problem is probably located
in the GPA. Otherwise the problem must be related with the gradient/RF-coil system.

Summary of gradient dependent IQ - Parameters

IQ Parameter Influencing Factor Available Tests

Spatial Resolution Con- Non-linear amplitude of Check linearity of gradient
trast gradient pulses Sequence pulses (QA/TestTools); eddy
(Symptoms are edge rings timing related to eddy cur- current compensation (ECC)
and edge blurring) rent fields

Slice Thickness Eddy currents ECC adjust/check

Slice Profile Linearity of gradient field Depending on gradient coil
Slice Position design; no improvement pos-
sible
Slice Warp
Artifacts such as Smear- Phase-encoding errors: DAC: Data loop test
ing artifacts Ghosts: dis- Any kind of gradient insta- Check gradient linearity
crete/blurred bility; periodic unequal (QA/Test Tools)
phase- encoding steps
current sensor instabil- Current sensor offset adjust-
ity/nonlinearity ment

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38 Gradient

Image Uniformity Spatial Non-linear gradient mag- No improvement possible

Linearity netic fields
Signal to Noise Ratio Gradient system: ECC,Gradient delay; Spike
Eddy currents; check

Spikes generated by gradi-

ent switching

MAGNETOM C! M4-030.840.16.01.02 Page 38 of 60 Siemens AG

09.06 SMMR Medical Solutions
 Gradient System - Image Quality TSG Chart
Medical Solutions
Siemens AG

Gradient
Normally there are no specific error messages corresponding to an image quality problem. You have to specify the individual problem
according to the column “Symptom“ in the table below and to perform the proposed test to localize the problem in the MR-system.

Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference

ponents/function)
01. Smearing artifacts in a. Low phase encoding Current sensor instability and Perform the Gradient Tests SeSo: Test
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

phase-encoding direction: performance of the gra- offset at low gradient amplitudes Replace SSU Tools
discrete ghosts dient system caused by DAC defective/wrong gradient Tune-up/QA
instability data from MPCU/GCTX functions
blurred ghosts
Regulator oscillation
02. N/2 ghosts a. Nonlinearity of gradi- Note: Check and record the line volt-
ghosting strength ent pulse ramps during This error may not be caused by age with the help of a main volt-
depends on used mea- MR-signal sampling. the hardware but by: Instable age recorder (e.g. Dranetz).
surement parameters line voltage; low line voltage (in Try to establish a correlation
such as FOV and Matrix. the range up to minus 10%). between bad image quality and
SMMR

line voltage instabilities.

Ultimate remedy is the installa-
tion of an UPS.
Page 39 of 60

03. Edge blurring/rings a. Nonlinearity of gradi- Slew rate limitation of the gradi- Perform the gradient linearity Seso:
artifacts in phase-encod- ent pulse steps ent pulses at high amplitudes check QA/Test
ing direction Tools
MAGNETOM C!

39
 MAGNETOM C!

40
Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference
ponents/function)
04. Streaks and/or dots in a. RF noise caused by Gradient system: Loose, defec- Check RF-room shielding, filter-
images rapid gradient switching: tive cable connections and plate, rf-filters;
Dot artifacts Magnet room not rf-tight shielding Check gradient cabling
Defective power stage Check, replace defective power
stage
09.06
M4-030.840.16.01.02

RF-system: Loose screwed con- Check RF-room shielding, filter-

nections, defective cable shield- plate, rf-filters;
ing. Check rf-cabling. Route rf-cables
apart from gradient cables.
05. Low signal-to-noise a. Gradient system: Eddy currents; Perform: SeSo:
ratio and/or spikes Gradient/Bodycoil sys- 1Spikes caused by mechanical Graddelay Tune-up/QA
tem vibrations during gradient switch- ECC Check functions
ing
2Spike caused by other source Spike Check
SMMR

06. Non-uniformity of a. Gradient system Eddy currents Perform ECC Check

images (phantom image)
07. Image spatially dis- a. Adjustment of gradient Gradient sensitivity misadjusted Perform Gradsens
Page 40 of 60

torted system
08. Low contrast/resolu- a. Gradient system Non- Wrong gradient data Check gradient data transfer: SeSo: Test
tion of the image: linear amplitude switch- DAC on SSU Perform MMC Tests and Gradi- Tools
Edge rings and blurring ing of gradient pulses ent Tests (check results of MMC
DAC/functional Test,
GCTX-DAC) Gradient
Perform the gradient linearity

Gradient
check
Medical Solutions

b. Gradient system Eddy currents ECC/Check SeSo:

Siemens AG

QA/Tune-up
functions
Medical Solutions
Siemens AG

Gradient
Symptom Area of Trouble (Com- Probable Cause Service Action Reference
ponents/function)
09. Wrong slice position a. Shim condition of Distorted magnetic field Check the shim condition of SeSo:
and/or warped slice magnet magnet/ Reshim the magnet Tune-up
Phantom
Shim/
Mechanical
Shim
M4-030.840.16.01.02
09.06

b. Gradient coil design Non-linear gradient field No improvement

10. Broadening of slice a. Gradient system Eddy currents ECC/Check SeSo:
thickness/profile QA/Tune-up
functions

1. For all spike source, run the spike sequence maybe 10 times and then evaluate the spike result.
2. The possible cause of spike are loose cover, loose cables inside the magnet area, room light in the RF cabin, loose gradient cable connection on the gradient
coil and loose center bolt on each gradient coil. Don’t tighten the brass center bolt too much because you can break this bolt.
SMMR
Page 41 of 60
MAGNETOM C!

41
42 Gradient

Procedures 0

General 0

This section describes the various tests and checks for field replaceable units (FRU) of
the gradient system K2229 (GPP) of the MR system MAGNETOM C!. In a subsequent
section the possible tests of the service software concerning the gradient system in the
platform Test Tools, Tune- up and QA are described.

Summary of FRU and corresponding tests

FRU’s K2229 (page) Test procedures

Small signal unit (SSU) 1. 32 MHz system clock adjustment
2. Adjustment of current sensor offset
3. Running the test sequence
4. Adjustment of power supply voltage
5. Usage of the PC Terminal
Power stages (PS) Swapping of power stages
Gradient system/GPP Test procedures Service Software/TestTools/Tune-up/QA
Gradient Coil Test of NTC resistors
Gradient system Test procedures SeSo

Required Tools
Prerequisites for successfully troubleshooting the gradient system using this document
are:
• Functional Descriptions (FUN)
• Diagrams (Chapter Gradient System)
• Set of standard tools
• Digital multimeter, Fluke 8060A or equivalent

MAGNETOM C! M4-030.840.16.01.02 Page 42 of 60 Siemens AG

09.06 SMMR Medical Solutions
Gradient 43

Small signal unit (SSU) 0

Overview

Fig. 9: SSU with cover

Connections on D2

D2(back/left side)
X1 current sense X
X601 current actual X (1V=50A)
X602 X reg.error signal
X28 GND
X603 current actual Y (1V=50A)
X604 Y reg.error signal
X200 current sense Y
X606 current actual Z (1V=50A)
X605 Z reg.error signal
X400 current sense Z

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44 Gradient

D2(back)
X600 Grad.data

Fig. 10: Connectors at D2 (left side)

Connections on D1

D1(front)
U11 FOC DATA X to PS
U12 FOC DATA Y to PS
U13 FOC DATA Z to PS
U10 FOC Grad.coil error
U8 FOC Monitoring PS X
U6 FOC Monitoring PS Y
U4 FOC Monitoring PS Z
U14 FOC not used
U15 FOC not used
U16 FOC not used
U17 FOC not used
U18 FOC not used
X23 (9 pin, male) RS 232
Test point X32 100 kHz clock (TTL)
Test point X33 GND (for clock)
X15 CAN Bus
X12 CAN-Bus Termination
X3 +15VDC supply (for driver supply)
X5/6 Driver supply PS
X16 +/-15VDV supply +5VDC supply

Adjustment of the 32MHz GPP/SSU clock

For adjustment/measurement purposes the internal SSU 32 MHz clock frequency is
transformed into 100 kHz.

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09.06 SMMR Medical Solutions
Gradient 45

• GPP is warmed up
• Switch off with S6/SSU.
• Unplug X600 (Grad Data).
• Measure the SSU clock with a DVM (4 1/2 digits and frequency range) at D1/SSU, X32 (
left of S1) to X33 (GND, above S5), refer to (Fig. 11 / p. 45).
Tolerance range: 99,9...100,0 kHz.
• Adjust with pot R5/D1/SSU (refer to (Fig. 9 / p. 43)and (Fig. 11 / p. 45)),
• Measure with a scope at D1/SSU X32 to X33(GND):
Tolerance range: 99.9... 100.0 kHz.
• Adjust with pot R5/D1/SSU.
• Plug in X600 again.

Fig. 11: Location of test points X32,X33 and pot R5

Adjustment of the Current sensor offset

This procedure must be performed after a replacement of a power stage or of the SSU.
• GPP is warmed up.
• Put DIP-switch S1/2 into “ON“ position.

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46 Gradient

• Press “Reset“ S3/SSU.

• Wait approx. 15 seconds: The system calibrates the x-axis first. When successfully fin-
ished, V51 will light up. Afterward, the y- and z-axis will be calibrated, V35 and then V
52 will light up.
• Put DIP-switch S1/2 back into “OFF“ position.
• Press “Reset“ S3/SSU again.

Running the test sequence

• Switch DIP switch “Service mode“ SSU/D1 S1/5 to “ON“, upward position.
• Start sequence: DIP switch “Test sequence“ SSU/D1 S1/4 in upward position.
Evaluation:
You can hear the gradient pulsing. By switching on/off the modulators one after another
(DIP switches S1/6,7,8) you can test the function of every axis.
Additionally, when using a scope connected to D2: X601 (X), X603 (Y) or X606 (Z), you
can compare the axes and check the displayed gradient waveform for oscillations and
other instabilities; (1V = 50A).

Adjustment of Lambda power supply voltages

Adjust the output voltages using the corresponding potentiometers:
Slot 1 (+5 VDC): +4,95 < VCC < +5,15 VDC
Slot 2 (+15 VDC): +14 < Vdriver < +15,3 VDC
Slot 3 (+/-15 VDC): +/-14,9 < Vsupply < +/- 15,3 VDC

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Fig. 12: Lambda power supply

NOTE Green LED V 29 on D1/SSU “ON“: Driver supply voltage present.

Using the RS 232 Interface

Necessary tools:
• Service PC with Terminal program (e.g. terminal.exe / Win 3.11 or Hyperterminal /
WinXP)
• Service cable for connecting the GPP to the serial port of the PC. (Service cable part
no.: 7121929 K2227). Service cable connector layout:
Service cable connector layout:

SSU-connector (9-Pin/female) PC-connector (9-Pin/female)

Pin 2 TxD Pin 2 TxD
Pin 3 RxD Pin 3 RxD
Pin 5 GND Pin 5 GND

Terminal Setup
• Baud rate: 9600
• Data bits: 8

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• Stop bits: 1
• Parity: none
• Protocol: none
Application
After starting the terminal program, all occurring error messages will be displayed on the
PC screen. Additionally, you can get status information about temperature, offsets and
status of PS-axes and set and record different parameters (e.g. regulator parameter, off-
sets, a.s.o). You can also edit regulator parameters and offset values. (Refer to (Using
the RS 232 Interface / p. 47)).
Terminal commands:
Login: LO
Password: YAGOS980

Command Meaning
? Print Help
AX Axis Status
CE Clear errors
DF RAM data to Flash
DX di/dt portion X
DY di/dt portion Y
DZ di/dt portion Z
EX Exit/logoff
FD Flash data to RAM
HH help
IX I portion X
IY I portion Y
IZ I portion Z
LO Login
OX Offset X
OY Offset Y
OZ Offset Z
PX P portion X
PY P portion Y
PZ P portion Z
RP Display Regulator values, offsets and di/dt values

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SD Set defaults
SR Show PLD shadow read register

Fig. 13: Example of an output to the Terminal screen

Data transfer in the SSU

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Fig. 14: Data transfer in the SSU/Change of parameters

• During booting of SSU the parameter data are copied from the Flashrom in the RAM
and Chips.
• These values can be changed in the RAM and Chips using the edit commands (e.g.
OX,OY,...).
• Value stored in the Flashrom can be transferred in the RAM and Chips by the com-
mand FD.
• Default values stored in a PROM can be transferred in the RAM and Chips by the com-
mand SD.
• Value loaded in the RAM can be written in the Flashrom by the command DF. The old
values will be overwritten!
• Value loaded in the RAM can be displayed on the PC by the command RP.
Examples:
(only the Z-axis is used in the examples)
Running error display:
Z Axis present HW Version Z-Axis: 0x03
1011 68AD Wrong configure
HW Versoin Z-Axis : 0x07
FW Versioin Z-Axis: 0x00
Comment:
Error code: 1011, Internal Time stamp=68AD
Error text: Wrong configure
Command HH(Help):

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/HH
<LO> Login <EX> exit(logoff)
<SD> Set Defaults <?>Print Help
<SR> Show PLD Shadow Read Reg
<CE> clear all error Register
<RP> Regular Parameter show <AX> Axis status
<FD> Flash Data to Ram <DF> Ram Data to Flash
<DX> Di/Dt portion X <DY> Di/Dt portion Y
<DZ> Di/Dt portion Z <PX> P portion X
<PY> P portion X <PY> P portion Y
<IX> I portion X <IY> I portion Y
<IZ> I Offset Z <OX> P Offset X
<OY> P Offset Y <OZ> P Offset Z

Comment: Display of all commands

Command AX(Axis status):

/AX X Y Z
Frame count 00 00 07
errors 00 00 02
voltstatus 00 00 04
endstufen 00 00 00
temperture 00 00 00
ID fw 00 00 00
ID hw 00 00 00

MuxVolt X Y Z
1 volt 00 00 0C
2 volt 00 00 0C
3 volt 00 00 09
1 volt 00 00 0C
2 volt 00 00 0C
3 volt 00 00 09

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Comment:
The numbers (below Frame count X Y Z) show the error codes(00 to OF)corresponding to
the axis and (below MuxVolt X Y Z) the hexcode values of temperature and/or voltage,
e.g.:
Z:errors 07 -> Under volt.c Error
Z: 3 Volt 09 -> Hexcoded value at amplifier 3 of Z power stage = 09 (lower than values at
amplifier 1 an 2. 0C).
Command RF(Read parameter):

/RP
X Di/Dt: 02 P: 04 I:08 P-Off:05
Y Di/Dt: 04 P: 05 I:06 P-Off:90
Z Di/Dt: 03 P: 04 I:08 P-Off:5C

Comment:
values of regulator parameters are displayed
Command OX 5(P offset X):
/OX5 X Offset changed from: 5C to : 05
Comment:
Offset X-axis is changed in RAM and Chips
Standard regulator parameters

Axis D portion P portion I portion

X 02 04 08
Y 04 05 06
Z 03 04 08

Command SR(show PLD shadow register):

/SR
EPLD Shadow Read Regiter
Chip 1 Data 0x08 Chip 2 Data :0x00
Chip 3 Data 0x00 Chip 5 Data :0x00
Chip 6 Data 0x00 Chip 7 Data :0x79
Chip 8 Data 0x64 CAN Info Reg. :0xC6
GAIN Filf Reg. 0x2E LOOP Sel. Reg. 0x03
P x Register 0x00 0x00
P Z Register 0x00 0x00

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I Y Register 0x00 0x00

rec error reg 0 0x00 0x00
rec error reg 2 0x00 0x00
rec error reg 4 0x00 0x00
xxxx 0x00 xxxx 0x00
xxxxx 0x00 xxxxx 0x00
xxxxxx 0x00 xxxxxx 0x00
xxxxxxx 0x00 xxxxxxx 0x00
xxxxxxxx 0x00 xxxxxxxx 0x00

Comment:
These data may be needed by the lab in case of trouble

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Power stages (PS) 0

Fig. 15: Power stages in the ECA (SSU removed)

Switches on PS
Button S1: Manual power stage reset
DIP Switches S2/1-3 PS Type code (on/on/on).

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Swapping of gradient cables and power stages

Be sure that all cables and connections are labeled properly.

NOTE Swapping power stages or gradient cables results in a save oper-

ation, but with non-optimally adjusted regulators and offsets in the
affected axes. Therefore only severe errors (of power stage or gra-
dient coil load circuit) can be detected. Additionally you can ad-
just the current sensor offset ((Adjustment of the Current sensor
offset / p. 45)) and set the regulator parameter using the RS232 in-
terface(Using the RS 232 Interface / p. 47).

Example error in X-axis:

1. Swap power stages
(exchange the 2 FOC and Sense):
(e.g. X-PS is now driven by Y-SSU and vice versa)
Error changes to other axis -> Error of PS
Error does not change the axis -> Error of SSU
Restore old configuration.
2. Swap gradient cables at power stage x<->y:
(e.g. X-coil is now driven by Y-PS and vice versa)
Error changes to other axis -> Error in the load circuit.
Error does not change the axis -> Error of PS and/or SSU
To get the same circumstances in a measurement, swap the corresponding slice
readout or phase-encoding direction).
Restore old configuration.
3. Swap power stages (exchange the 2 FOC and Sense) and corresponding gradient ca-
bles at the same time:
Error changes to other axis -> Error of PS
Error does not change the axis -> Error of SSU or load circuit.
Restore old configuration.

NOTE After all procedures that interrupt the gradient coil load circuit,
you have to run the QA/Image orientation measurement.

Gradient coil 0

Measurement of NTC-resistors at WIB

Connector X76:
NTC A (upper coil) pin 1-2

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NTC B (upper coil) pin 3-4

NTC A (lower coil) pin 5-6
NTC B (lower coil) pin 7-8
Resistance at room temperature: R > 20 kOhm
Resistance at Error level (75 +/- 5 ): R < 5 kOhm.
NTC connector at gradient coil:
A TS1/2
B TS1/2

Test procedures Service Software 0

TestTools

Fig. 16: TestTools / Gradient

Fig. 17: HTML result Windows

DAC
MMC Gradient Loop GCTX-DAC

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The register GRAD1_X (GCTX) will be selected and a test pattern will be written in the
register. As a consequence, the receiver register of the GPA will be written via the data
transmission line from GCTX to SSU/D2 K2229 (DAC). The 18 bit test data pattern at the
input of the DAC (X-axis) will be read back and compared with the originally transmitted
data set for consistency. With this test the data transmission line: MPCU - RS485-Inter-
face(GCTX) - plug(GCTX) - cable - plug(SSU/D2) - RS485-Interface(Grad) will be
checked.
In case of error, perform the MMC / MC4C40 and GCTX tests, check the cable connection
between GCTX and SSU/D2 K2229. Replace a defective SSU.
Gradient status
Using the test you will get the following listing as an example:
Starting Test GetStatus for GPAK2229... Status of GPAK2229 is not ok.
NLS status: Scanner hardware error: The hardware unit is not ready for measurement.
Retry, reboot Scanner, switch off/on Scanner..
GPAK2229_STATUS: GPAK ready for measurement=no !!!
GPAK2229_STATUS: Gradient coil= ok
GPAK2229_STATUS: Power supply= ok
GPAK2229_STATUS: Auxiliary error 1= ok
...
GPAK2229_STATUS: Configuration= fault !!!
...
and so on.
In case of errors, the corresponding status is indicated with “!!!“.
In this case, refer to the “Details“ of the Event log, respectively to the corresponding TSG
Charts.
Grad. Linearity
This function checks the linearity of the gradient amplitude using MR-signal measure-
ments.
Test Results Grad.linearity / Graphical HTML Output
The numerical results of the Grad.linearity Tests and a corresponding graph will be dis-
played in the HTML window which appears after completion of the tests. A label identify-
ing the test and the slice orientation, identifying the gradient axis, are printed out. If the
result is out of specifications, the respective field in the table appears in color.
Each point of the graph represents one tested amplitude value of the gradient axis being
tested (line 0-256). The deviation value means the deviation of the integral value of the
gradient pulse from the nominal value, related to the integral value of the maximum gradi-
ent pulse.
If a non-constant pattern is seen, especially at the beginning or end of the plots (near line
0 or 256), this may be an indication of an problem in the linearity of the gradient output at
high amplitudes.

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Fig. 18: HTML Result windows of Grad. linearity (example Y - Gradient)

In case of error, check the input voltage of the power stages and the stability of the main
voltage. Swap power stages. Replace defective power stages. Check/replace defective
SSU.
Standard Tune-up/QA Functions
Tune-up functions:
• Phantom shim
• Graddelay
• Gradsens
QA functions
• Shim Check
• Linearity Check (same as in TestTools)
• Graddelay Check

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• CalcAr
• Spike Check
• Stability Check

Service Mode 0

The gradient cabinet can be set to “Service Mode“ with service switch S1/5 on board
D1/SSU K2229.
In “Service Mode“ the following error messages are not evaluated:
• GPP_REG_ERR _X,_Y,_Z
• GPP_MAIN_SUPPLY_X,_Y,_Z
• MOD_DISABLE_X,_Y,_Z
• GPP_GRAD_DATA_ERR
In normal mode, all error messages cause an immediate shutdown of the gradient ampli-
fier (except temperature warning). In “service mode“ the errors, listed above are sent to
the host and displayed at LED on D1/SSU, but the gradient cabinet is not switched off.

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3-
G
2Index

Gradient System
Image Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
TSG Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

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