Lesson 1.1 Representation of Functions

Objectives:
vaccurately construct
mathematical models to represent
real-life situations using functions;
vdistinguish the different kinds of
function;
Lesson1.1
REPRESENTATION OF
FUNCTION
Activity 1:
Investigating Functions: Investigate the following.
What relationship exists between the quantities?
Write a formula or equation for these.
1. distance travelled and the hours
travelled
2. salary and the number of hours worked
3. area of a square lot and the side
4. the time of teaching by the teacher and
the time of listening by the students
5. salary if regular time and salary if there
is overtime
Activity 1:
Investigating Functions: Investigate the following.
What relationship exists between the quantities?
Write a formula or equation for these.
1. distance travelled and the hours d = st s = speed
travelled
2. salary and the number of hours worked s = wh w = wage per hour
3. area of a square lot and the side A = s2
4. the time of teaching by the teacher and tt = ts
the time of listening by the students
5. salary if regular time and salary if there p = wt p = wt + overtime pay
is overtime
Function – is a relation where
for every value of the
independent variable (x) there
is a unique value of the
dependent variable (y).
Examples:
1. { (1, 2), (-1, 2) , (2, 3) , (-2, 3) , (3, 4) , (-3, 4)}
x 1 -1 2 -2 3 -3
y 2 2 3 3 4 4
1 2 This is what we
-1 called many-to-
2 3
-2 one mapping or
3 4 many-to-one
-3
correspondence
x y
2. {(1, 1) , (-1, -1) , (2, 8), (-2, -8) , (3, 27) , -3, -27)}
x 1 -1 2 -2 3 -3
y 1 -1 8 -8 27 -27
1 1
-1 -1 This is what we
2 8 called a one-to-one
-2 -8 mapping or one-to-
3 27
-3 -27
one correspondence.
x y
3. { ( 2, 3) , (2, -3) , (3, 4) , (3, -4) , (4, 5) , (4, -5)}
x 2 2 3 3 4 4
y 3 -3 4 -4 5 -5
This is what we
2 3
-3 called a one-to-
3 4 many mapping or
-4 one-to-many
4 5 correspondence
-5 which is not a
function.
x y
A function may also be expressed in terms of equation.
Functions Not Functions

3x + 2y = 5 3x + 2y2 = 5
y = 3x2 + 4x - 5 y4 = 3x3 + 2x2 – 4x – 1
y3 = 2x – 7 y6 = 5x + 3
y5 = 4x3 – 5x2 – 7x + 2 y2 = 2x2 – 5x + 4
What do you observe on these examples under functions

and under not functions?
How will you describe an equation that is a function?
An equation is a function if the dependent
variable is raised to an odd power.
3x + 2y = 5
y= 3x2 + 4x - 5
y 3= 2x – 7
y = 4x – 5x – 7x + 2
5 3 2
A function may also be in the form of a
graph. We use the vertical line test to
determine if the graph is a function or
not. The vertical line must intersect the
graph at only one point, otherwise the
graph is not a function.
There is only
one point of
intersection,
thus it is a
function.
There are
two points of
intersection,
thus it is not
a function.
Take a look at the following.
x + 2y = 8y 2x2 + 5y = 3 y=9 y=x y = /x/ 𝑥 + 8, 𝑥, < −2
y = 2x – 5 y = 5x2 + 1 3y – 12 = 0 2y = 2x 2y = /x-1/ y=!
5, 𝑥 ≥ −2
3x = y – 2 y = x2 2y = 4 3y + 4 = 3x + 4 y = 5 - /x+4/
y = 5x + 4 3y = 4x2 – 7 y+8=0 2y – 5 = 2x – 5 y – 5 = /x+4/ −2, 𝑥 < −4
y = +3𝑥 + 4, −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
2x – 4y = 1 2y – 5 = x2 + 6 y = -2 5x – 5y = 0 y = 3/x/ - 5
𝑥 !, 𝑥 > 2
Each column presents the different kinds of function.

Linear Function
Examples:
A function whose general
equation is y = mx + b, x + 2y = 8y
where m and b stand for
constants and m ≠ 0. A function
y = 2x – 5
in which the highest power 3x = y – 2
associated with the independent
variable is 1; a function that is y = 5x + 4
represented by a line when
graphed on a Cartesian plane.
2x – 4y = 1
Quadratic Function Examples:
Quadratic function is a function 2x2 + 5y = 3
that can be described by an
equation of the form f(x) = y = 5x2 + 1
ax2 + bx + c, where a ≠ 0. In a y = x2
quadratic function, the greatest
power of the variable is 2. The 3y = 4x2 – 7
graph of a quadratic function is 2y – 5 = x2 + 6
a parabola.
Constant Function
A constant function is a linear Examples:
function for which the range does
y=9
not change no matter which
member of the domain is used. 3y – 12 = 0
f(x1)=f(x2) for any x1 and x2 in the
2y = 4
domain. With a constant function,
for any two points in the interval, a y+8=0
change in x results in a zero change
y = -2
in f(x).
Identity Function
Examples:
An identity function is a
function that always y=x
returns the same value as 2y = 2x
its argument. In other 3y + 4 = 3x + 4
words, the identity
2y – 5 = 2x – 5
function is the function
f(x) = x. 5x – 5y = 0
Absolute Value Function
An absolute value function is a function that Examples:
contains an algebraic expression within
absolute value symbols. Recall that the y = /x/
absolute value of a number is its distance from
0 on the number line. 2y = /x-1/
The absolute value parent function, written as
f(x)=| x |, is defined as y = 5 - /x+4/
𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
y – 5 = /x+4/
f(x)=! 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
−𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0 y = 3/x/ - 5
Piece-wise Function
A piecewise defined function is a
function defined by at least two Examples:
equations ("pieces"), each of which
applies to a different part of the 𝑥 + 8, 𝑥, < −2
y=!
domain. Piecewise defined functions 5, 𝑥 ≥ −2
can take on a variety of forms. Their
"pieces" may be all linear, or a −2, 𝑥 < −4
combination of functional forms (such y = +3𝑥 + 4,!−4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
as constant, linear, quadratic, cubic, 𝑥 ,𝑥 > 2
square root, cube root, exponential,
etc.).

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Objectives:

1. { (1, 2), (-1, 2) , (2, 3) , (-2, 3) , (3, 4) , (-3, 4)}

Functions Not Functions

What do you observe on these examples under functions

Each column presents the different kinds of function.

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