A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input and

processes it with a set of instructions (a program) to produce the result as output. It

renders output just after performing mathematical and logical operations and can
save the output for future use. It can process numerical as well as non-numerical
calculations. The term "computer" is derived from the
Latin word "computare" which means to calculate.

A computer is designed to execute applications and

provides a variety of solutions through integrated
hardware and software components. It works with the
help of programs and represents the decimal numbers
through a string of binary digits. It also has a memory
that stores the data, programs, and result of
processing. The components of a computer such as
machinery that includes wires, transistors, circuits, hard disk are called hardware.
Whereas, the programs and data are called software

.It is believed that the Analytical Engine was the first

computer which was invented by Charles Babbage
in 1837. It used punch cards as read-only memory.
Charles Babbage is also known as the father of the
computer.
PARTS OF COMPUTER
 INPUT

KEYBOARD:
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps to input
data to the computer. The layout of the
keyboard is like that of traditional
typewriter, although there are some
additional keys provided for performing
additional functions. Keyboards are of two
sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now
keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are
also available for Windows and Internet.

MOUSE:
Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device
having a small palm size box with a round ball at its base, which senses the
movement of the mouse and sends corresponding signals to the CPU when the
mouse buttons are pressed.
Generally, it has two buttons called the left and
the right button and a wheel is present between
the buttons. A mouse can be used to control the
position of the cursor on the screen, but it cannot
be used to enter text into the computer.

JOYSTICK:
Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor
position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at
its both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a
socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions. The function
of the joystick is similar to that of a mouse. It is mainly used in
Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and playing computer game.
 OUTPUT

MONITOR:
The monitor is an output device that displays the output in the form of images on a
digital screen. The images formed are made up of millions of tiny dots called pixels.
The more pixels, the better resolution of the image is

Earlier monitors had screens made of CRT, but are now replaced
by flat panel displays. Let us understand how both are different
from each other. CRT – The CRT or cathode ray tube is the
structure behind the screen. That helps to display characters and
images on the monitor. the display side consists of a
phosphorescent screen. The screen lights up when a beam of
electrons hits the screen from the cathode filament. The
electrons are deflected and accelerated and that is how the
images are formed on the screen.

PRINTER:
Printers are another peripheral device used as output devices. The output from the
computer is achieved on paper from the printer. The data gets printed on paper
which can be both colored or black and white, an image, text, or even both.
The printer can be majorly divided into two types-
 Impact printers – These printers work by having
direct contact with the ink ribbon and paper. Due to this,
the noise produced by these printers resembles that of a
typewriter.
 Non-Impact printers – These printers work with
technologies like inkjet, laser, electrostatic, xerographic,
etc. These printers work silently and are much faster than
the impact ones.

COMPUTER SPEAKER:
Computer speakers are output device that works the same way as a headphone. They make
our entertainment experience easier. We can
watch movies, listen to music, recordings, or any
audio with help of speakers. They can be used
instead of headphones when multiple people want
to listen to the audio.
 PROCESSING

CPU (Central Processing Unit):

CPU is known as the brain of the computers and is the primary component of
the computers which enables the computer to perform
all types of processing operations and all the
operations of the components of the computer.

Motherboard:

The main circuit system of the computer is known as a motherboard. It is

the main board of the computer. It is also called
the logic board of computers. The motherboard
consists of chips, and a controller is known as the
chipset.

GPU (Graphic Processing Unit)

A GPU is a computer-integrated chip which helps the computer to render

graphics and images by performing very fast
mathematical calculations. It can be used for
both personal and professional computing
necessities. GPU can render 2D and 3D
images, videos and animations.
 STORAGE

Random Access Memory (RAM):

Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory that is used

to temporarily store data that the computer is currently using or processing.
RAM is volatile memory, which means that
the data stored in it is lost when the power is
turned off. RAM is typically used to store the
operating system, application programs, and
data that the computer is currently using.

 It is also called read-write memory or

the main memory or the primary memory.
 The programs and data that the CPU
requires during the execution of a program are stored in this memory.
 It is a volatile memory as the data is lost when the power is turned off.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Read Only Memory (ROM) is a type of computer memory that is used to

permanently store data that does not need to be modified. ROM is non-
volatile memory, which means that the data stored in it is retained even
when the power is turned off. ROM is typically used to store the computer’s
BIOS (basic input/output system), which
contains the instructions for booting the
computer, as well as firmware for other
hardware devices. Read Only Memory
(ROM) is a type of computer memory
that is used to permanently store data
that does not need to be modified. ROM
is non-volatile memory, which means that
the data stored in it is retained even
when the power is turned off. ROM is
typically used to store the computer’s BIOS (basic input/output system),
which contains the instructions for booting the computer, as well as firmware
for other hardware devices.