Name of Activity 6: COMPUTATIONS AND GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS

FOR FINDING VELOCITIES OF PARTICLES

I. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES

The student should be able to:

1. Comprehend and compute problems related to velocity analysis.

2. Utilize the Resolution and Composition Method in finding velocities of particles

II. THEORIES / PRINCIPLES

Velocity analysis in machines may be determined analytically and graphically.

Often times, analytical solutions tend to be more complicated and in some cases
impossible. The graphical method is more suitable, less complicated and most of the time
prove to be sufficiently accurate.

Various methods for determining velocities are used and one of them is the
Resolution and Composition Method. Other methods are, Relative velocity, Instantaneous
Axis of Velocity, Centro Method, Parallel Line Method and Closed Polygon. Each has their
own limitations and applications. For now, we will; focus on the Resolution and
Composition Method.

Velocity – is defined as the time rate of change of position of a point. Since this
change of position or displacement is a vector quantity, velocity is also a vector quantity,
having the sense of the displacement being taken on. To Find the Velocity of a point or
particle, we are governed by the following formula:

Where: V = velocity (ft/sec)

ῶ = instantaneous angular velocity (rad/sec)
R = radius (ft)
N = speed (rev/min or rpm)
 Scales. In graphical solutions of problems it is necessary to draw the machine full
scale, to a smaller scale, or to a larger scale. The space scale, (Ks) is expressed in three
ways:

1. Proportionate size e.g. one-fourth size (1/4 scale) or twice size (

doubles scale)
2. The number of inches on the drawing equal to 1 foot on the machine
e.g 3 inches equal to 1 foot ( 3 in = 1 foot)
3. 1 inch on the drawing equals so many feet e.g 1 inch equals 1/3 foot
(1 in = 1/3 foot).

The velocity scale, Kv is defined as the linear velocity in distance units per unit
time represented by 1 inch on the drawing. If the linear velocity of a point is 5
ft/sec, then a line 1 inch long would represent a linear velocity of 5 ft/sec and
would be written Kv=5 fps.

The acceleration scales, Ka is defined as the linear acceleration in distance units

per unit of time represented by 1 inch on the drawing.If the linear
acceleration of a point is 100 fps and the Kv scale is 100, then a line 1
inch ling would represent a linear acceleration of 100 ft/sec2 and would
be written Ka= 100 ft/sec2

RESOLUTION AND COMPOSITION:

If the velocity of one point and the direction of the velocity of any other point on a body
are known, the velocity of any other point on that body may be obtained by resolving the known
velocity vector into components along and perpendicular to the line joining these points and
making one of the components of the velocity of the other point equal to the component along the
line.

Case I: For CRANKS ONLY:

Case II: For CONNECTING RODS (2 points-colinear)

Conditions:
a. One velocity must be given (both magnitude and direction)
b. The unknown velocity must have a given direction

Case III: For CONNECTING RODS (3 or more points-colinear)

Conditions:
a. One velocity must be given (both magnitude and direction)
b. b. One of the unknown velocity must have a given direction
 Case IV: For Connecting Rods ( 3 or more point- coplanar)
Conditions:
a. One velocity must be given (both magnitude and direction)
b. One of the unknown velocity must have a given direction

\
 Example:

Crank 2 with a length of 1 ½ feet rotates for a counter-clockwise motion with a

speed of 152.79 rpm. Compute for Velocity A and find the velocities of all the points in
fps Kv = 1 in : 16 fps

Step 1. Lay out Va which is perpendicular to Q2A.

Step 2. Solve the Value of Va using the formula velocity.
Step 3.
Solve for Vb, extend line AB
Using Va as reference, project a perpendicular line form the terminus of Va, towards
extended line AB.

1. Measure the distance from the point of intersection of extended line AB and the
perpendicular projected from the terminus of VA.
2. Using the same measured distance, scribe that same distance using point B as your starting
point.
3. Project a perpendicular line using line AB as your base.
4. Take note that the velocity of any particle on a crank is always perpendicular to the crank.
5. Scribe a guide line from B, perpendicular to crank Q4B.
6. The point of intersection created is now the terminus of Vb.

7. To solve Vc, extend line AC.

8. Using the Terminus of Va as reference, drop a perpendicular line from the terminus going to
extended line AC.
9. Measure the distance from A to the point of intersection created by the perpendicular line
from the terminus Va, scribe the same distance using point C as starting point towards A.
10. Drop a perpendicular line from the end point created by the scribed distance from C.
11. Since C is connected to B, extend line CB
12. Using the terminus of Vb, drop a perpendicular line to extended line CB
13. Scribe the same distance created by extended line CB and the terminus VB
14. Draw a perpendicular line from the point created.
15. The point of intersection is now the terminus of VC

III. EXERCISE:

1. Solve the remaining velocity Vd and Ve using the same principle used to get
Va,Vb and Vc.Using the scale given in the problem identify the corresponding
velocities.
2. In the figure below, the instantaneous angular velocity of the crank Q2A is 100
rpm, counterclockwise. Q2A is 24 inches long and the other members are drawn
to the same scale as Q2A. Ks=1 in.: 1 foot, Kv= 10 ft/sec. Find the Vb,Vc,Vd
and Ve, using resolution and composition method.
C
B

Q2 Q4
PRODUCTIVITY TEST SHEET/RUBRICS
SUBJECT MODULE
ACTIVITY / PROJECT: ACTIVITY
CODE: TITLE
NO.
MT233B

KINEMATICS OF
NAME OF STUDENT:
MACHINES

DIRECTION: This form should afford the Instructor to rate the Productivity/Performance of the student/s
for a given Employable Skill/Activity/Project. On the space provided for, write the points which likely
coincide with your evaluation for each of the following factors: OUTSTANDING – (9-10); PLUS
SATISFACTORY (7-8); SATISFACTORY (5-6); BELOW SATISFACTORY (3-4 / NEED TO REPEAT)

SATISFACTORY TASK PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT

Provided with instructions, complete tools and materials, the student should be able to:

1. IIllustrate and identify a sample mechanism and properly label the corresponding parts based on
the defined terms above and identify the motion involved in the said mechanism.

2. Finished Set up operation exercises approximately sixty (60) minutes.

FACTORS RATING

A. QUALITY / APPEARANCE (Symmetry,

Verticality, Horizontality; Workmanship,
Finish)
B. ACCURACY/CRITICALITY (Exactness of
Dimension/specification, High, Medium, Low
Criticality)
C. SPEED (50% over estimated time / 50% time
save over estimated)
D. METHOD (Economical; use of tools,
materials, Safety and Hygiene, Initiative)
FINAL GRADE

REMARKS:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Assessed by:

______________________________
 Instructor

Name of Activity 7 and 8: COMPUTATIONS AND GRAPHICAL

SOLUTIONS FOR FINDING VELOCITIES OF PARTICLES

IV. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES

The student should be able to:

3. Comprehend and compute problems related to velocity analysis.

4. Utilize the Instantaneous Axis of Velocity Method in finding velocities of
particles

V. THEORIES / PRINCIPLES

In velocity analysis, another method of finding particle velocity is Instantaneous

axis of velocity, For this method, “each member of a machine is either rotating
about a fixed axis or about a moving axis. Instantaneously this moving axis may
be thought of as a stationary axis with properties similar to a fixed axis. In other
words, the cranks of a machine rotate or oscillate about their respective fixed
axes and the floating link rotates with an absolute angular velocity about an
instantaneous axis of velocity. The absolute instantaneous linear velocities of
points on the link are proportional to the distance of the points from the
instantaneous axis and are perpendicular to lines joining the points with the
instantaneous axis.”
 Figure 6. Finding the axis for finding velocities

III. EXERCISE:

C
Va B
A

Q2 Q4

1. The linear velocity of A is represented by Va. Determine the linear velocities

of B,C, and D on link 3 by the Instantaneous axis method. Q2A= 2 1/8”; AB
= 1 13/16”; BC = 1 1/8” ; AD = 1 3/16” ; BD = 1 7/16”; Q4B = 2 5/16”; Q2Q4=
4”; Va= ft /sec. Kv= 1 inch: 5 ft/sec.

2. Find a mechanism and which could best represent the Instantaneous

method. Assume the Driver Crank Velocity to 5 ft/sec with a Kv= 1 inch:
10 ft/sec.
 IV. PRODUCTIVITY TEST SHEET/RUBRICS

SUBJECT MODULE
ACTIVITY / PROJECT: ACTIVITY
CODE: TITLE
NO.
MT233B

KINEMATICS OF
NAME OF STUDENT:
MACHINES

DIRECTION: This form should afford the Instructor to rate the Productivity/Performance of the student/s
for a given Employable Skill/Activity/Project. On the space provided for, write the points which likely
coincide with your evaluation for each of the following factors: OUTSTANDING – (9-10); PLUS
SATISFACTORY (7-8); SATISFACTORY (5-6); BELOW SATISFACTORY (3-4 / NEED TO REPEAT)

SATISFACTORY TASK PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT

Provided with instructions, complete tools and materials, the student should be able to:

3. Illustrate and identify a sample mechanism and properly label the corresponding parts based on the
defined terms above and identify the motion involved in the said mechanism.

4. Finished Set up operation exercises approximately sixty (60) minutes.

FACTORS RATING

E. QUALITY / APPEARANCE (Symmetry,

Verticality, Horizontality; Workmanship,
Finish)
F. ACCURACY/CRITICALITY (Exactness of
Dimension/specification, High, Medium, Low
Criticality)
G. SPEED (50% over estimated time / 50% time
save over estimated)
H. METHOD (Economical; use of tools,
materials, Safety and Hygiene, Initiative)
FINAL GRADE

REMARKS:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Assessed by:

______________________________

Instructor
 Name of Activity 10 and 11: THE CENTRO METHOD

VI. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES

The student should be able to:

5. Comprehend and compute problems related to velocity analysis.

6. Utilize the Instantaneous Axis of Velocity Method in finding velocities of
particles