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Special Function

The document is an assignment from the Department of Applied Mathematics at Delhi Technological University. It contains 10 questions regarding differential equations, power series solutions, Bessel functions, Legendre polynomials, and identities involving Bessel functions. The questions cover topics like determining singular points, finding power series solutions using Frobenius' method, defining Legendre polynomials, and proving identities for Bessel functions.

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Harshit Kumar Sengar
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32 views3 pages

Special Function

The document is an assignment from the Department of Applied Mathematics at Delhi Technological University. It contains 10 questions regarding differential equations, power series solutions, Bessel functions, Legendre polynomials, and identities involving Bessel functions. The questions cover topics like determining singular points, finding power series solutions using Frobenius' method, defining Legendre polynomials, and proving identities for Bessel functions.

Uploaded by

Harshit Kumar Sengar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Applied Mathematics

Delhi Technological University, Delhi

ASSIGNMENT 3
2022-2023
.
Subject Code : MA-102 Course Title : Mathematics-II

1. Determine the singular points of the following differential equations and clas-
sify them as regular and irregular.

(a) (1 − x2 )y 00 + 2xy 0 + n(n + 1)y = 0.


(b) x2 (1 − x)y 00 + (x − 2)y 0 − 3xy = 0.
(c) y 00 + (ln |x|)y 0 + 3xy = 0.

Answer
(a) x = ±1, regular. (b) x = 0, irregular and x = 1, regular. (c) x = 0,
irregular.

2. Find the power series solution of the following differential equations:

(a) (1 + x2 )y 00 + xy 0 − y = 0 about x = 0.
(b) (1 − x2 )y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = 0 about x = 0.

Answer
1 1 1 7 8
(a) y(x) = a0 1 + x2 − x4 + x6 −
 
x + · · · + a1 x.
2 8 16 144
 2 1 4 1 6 
(b) y(x) = a0 1 − x − x − x − · · · + a1 x.
3 5
3. Find the power series solution of the following initial value problems.

(a) y 0 − x2 y = 1, y(0) = 2.
(b) y 00 + 2xy 0 + (1 − x2 )y = 0, y(0) = −2, and y 0 (0) = 2.

Answer
2 1 1 6
(a) y(x) = 2 + x + x3 + x4 + x + ···.
3 4 9
7 4 9 5
(b) y(x) = −2 + 2x + x − x3 −
2
x + x5 + x6 + · · · .
12 20 24
4. Use the method of Frobenius to find series solutions of the following differential
equtions in some interval 0 < x < R.

1
(a) 2xy 00 + (x + 1)y 0 + y = 0.
(b) x2 y 00 + x(2 + x)y 0 − 2y = 0.

Answer
∞
! ∞
!
X (−1)n+1 2n n! X (−1)n
(a) y(x) = a0 1+ xn+1 + a1 x1/2 n n!
xn .
n=0
(2n + 1)! 2
 n=0
x2 x3 x4
  
1 1 1
(b) y(x) = a0 x − + − − . . . + a1 − + .
4 4.5 4.5.6.7 x2 x 2

5. Show that for n = 0, 1, 2, 3 the corresponding Legendre polynomial is given by


1 dn 2
Pn (x) = (x − 1)n .
2n n! dxn

6. Find two linearly independent solutions of the Bessel equation of order 3/2 for
all x > 0.

7. Define Legendre polynomial Pn (x).


 If m and n are non-negative integers then
Z 1 0 if m 6= n
show that Pn (x)Pm (x)dx = 2
−1  if m = n.
2n + 1
8. Show that x = 0 is a regular singular point of hypergeometric differential
equation x(x − 1)y 00 + (3x − 1)y 0 + y = 0. Hence, find a power series solution
about x = 0.

9. Show that Chebyshev’s equation (1 − x2 )y 00 (x) − xy 0 (x) + a2 y(x) = 0 with


a ∈ (0, ∞) has the following linearly independent power series solutions
∞
"n−1 #
X 1 Y
y1 (x) = 1 + (4k − a ) x2n and
2 2

n=1
(2n)! k=0
∞
"n−1 #
X 1 Y
y2 (x) = x + (4k 2 + 4k + 1 − a2 ) x2n+1 .
n=1
(2n + 1)! k=0

10. Given n ∈ N and x ∈ (0, +∞). Prove the following identities.

(a) xJv0 (x) = vJv (x) − xJv+1 (x).


(b) xJv0 (x) = −vJv (x) + xJv−1 (x).
(c) 2Jv0 (x) = Jv−1 (x) − Jv+1 (x).

2
(d) 2vJv (x) = x[Jv−1 (x) + Jv+1 (x)].
d −v
(e) (x Jv ) = −x−v Jv+1 (x).
dx
d v
(f) (x Jv ) = xv Jv−1 (x).
dx
×××

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