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Statistics Notes For IIT JEE - pdf-83

The document discusses various measures of central tendency and dispersion used in statistics. The three main measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode. Measures of dispersion include mean deviation and standard deviation. Mean deviation measures the average distance between values and the central tendency, while standard deviation measures how spread out values are from the mean. Formulas are provided for calculating both measures from grouped and ungrouped data sets.

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276 views5 pages

Statistics Notes For IIT JEE - pdf-83

The document discusses various measures of central tendency and dispersion used in statistics. The three main measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode. Measures of dispersion include mean deviation and standard deviation. Mean deviation measures the average distance between values and the central tendency, while standard deviation measures how spread out values are from the mean. Formulas are provided for calculating both measures from grouped and ungrouped data sets.

Uploaded by

Manit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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co
STATISTICS
Measure of central tendencies

There are three measures of central tendencies:

• Mean (The average value of the data)


• Median (The most probable data)
• Mode (The most frequent data)

Measure of Dispersion

Dispersion refers to scattered data. Two of the measures of dispersion are

• Mean deviation
• Standard deviation

Mean Deviation

The mean deviation about any central tendency or a fixed number within the range of data is the ratio of the sum
of the absolute values of deviations from that point to the number of observations.

NOTE: Mean deviation from the mean and median are most commonly used.

Step 1: Calculate the central tendency (mean or median) about which we need the mean deviation.

Step 2: Find the absolute values of deviation of each data from the central tendency.

Step 3: Find the mean of the absolute values of deviation of each data from the central tendency.

Mean Deviation from ungrouped data

about the mean

| x − x |
()
i
M.D. x = i =1

Where x is the mean of the data


about the median

| x − M | i
M.D. ( M ) = i =1

n
where M is the mean of the data
Mean Deviation from grouped data

about the mean

f | xi − x |
()
i
M.D. x = i =1
n

f
i =1
i
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Where x is the mean of the data
about the median

f i | xi − M |
M.D. ( M ) = i =1
n

f i =1
i

where M is the mean of the data


Variance and Standard Deviation

For ungrouped data

The Variance about any central tendency or a fixed number within the range of data is the ratio of the sum of the
squared value of deviations from that point to the number of observations.

The square root of variance is the standard deviation.

Variance is denoted by 2 and standard deviation is denoted by  .

Step 1: Calculate the central tendency (mean or median) about which we need the standard deviation.

Step 2: Find the squared values of deviation of each data from the central tendency.

Step 3: Find the mean of the squared values of deviation of each data from the central tendency.

Step 4: Take the square root of the result obtained in step 3.

About the mean

 ( x − x)
n 2
i
2 = i =1

 ( x − x)
n 2
i
= i =1

Where x is the mean of the data


For a discrete frequency distribution

about the mean


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 f ( x − x)
n 2
i i
2 = i =1
n

f i =1
i

 f ( x − x)
n 2
i i
= i =1
n

f i =1
i

Where x is the mean of the data


For a continuous frequency distribution

about the mean

 f ( x − x)
n 2
i i
2 = i =1
n

f i =1
i

2
 n  n  n 
  i   i i   f i xi 
 −
2
f f x
 =  i =1  i =1 n  i =1 

 fi i =1

Coefficient of variance

The coefficient of variance is the measure of the variations for any statistical distribution.

It is defined as


C.V. = 100 , x  0
x

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