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Day16 (Structure and Union)

A structure in C allows grouping of different data types together under one name. It defines a new user-defined data type. To create a structure, the struct keyword is used followed by the structure name and a list of member variables of different data types. Variables of a structure data type can then be declared, and members accessed using the dot operator. For example, a structure called StudentData is defined to store the name, id and age of a student. A variable of this type is declared and members assigned values and printed.

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24 views3 pages

Day16 (Structure and Union)

A structure in C allows grouping of different data types together under one name. It defines a new user-defined data type. To create a structure, the struct keyword is used followed by the structure name and a list of member variables of different data types. Variables of a structure data type can then be declared, and members accessed using the dot operator. For example, a structure called StudentData is defined to store the name, id and age of a student. A variable of this type is declared and members assigned values and printed.

Uploaded by

PRANISH RAJ TULADHAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Structure and Union

Definition of Structure
Array is a collection of same type of elements but in many real life applications we
may need to group different types of logically related data. For example, if we want
to create a record of a person that contains name, age, and height of that person, then
we can’t use array because all three data elements are of different types.

How to create a structure in C Programming


We use struct keyword to create a structure in C. The struct keyword is a short
form of structured data type.
struct struct_name
{
DataType member1_name;
DataType member2_name;
DataType member3_name;
…
};
Here struct_name can be anything of your choice. Member data type can be same or
different. Once we have declared the structure we can use the struct name as a data
type like int, float etc.
First we will see the syntax of creating struct variable, accessing struct members etc
and then we will see a complete example.

How to declare variable of a structure?


struct struct_name var_name;
or
struct struct_name
{
DataType member1_name;
DataType member2_name;
DataType member3_name;
…
} var_name;

How to access data members of a structure using a struct variable?


var_name.member1_name;
var_name.member2_name;
…
How to assign values to structure members?
There are three ways to do this.
1) Using Dot(.) operator
var_name.memeber_name = value;
2) All members assigned in one statement
struct struct_name var_name =
{value for memeber1, value for memeber2 …so on for all the members}
3) Designated initializers – We will discuss this later at the end of this post.
Example of Structure in C
#include <stdio.h>
/* Created a structure here. The name of the structure is
* StudentData.
*/
struct StudentData{
char *stu_name;
int stu_id;
int stu_age;
};
int main()
{
/* student is the variable of structure StudentData*/
struct StudentData student;

/*Assigning the values of each struct member here*/


student.stu_name = "Steve";
student.stu_id = 1234;
student.stu_age = 30;

/* Displaying the values of struct members */


printf("Student Name is: %s", student.stu_name);
printf("\nStudent Id is: %d", student.stu_id);
printf("\nStudent Age is: %d", student.stu_age);
return 0;
}
Output:
Student Name is: Steve
Student Id is: 1234
Student Age is: 30
Example-2
/*Program to define a structure*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
struct student
{
char name[20];
int rollno;
float marks;
};
struct student s;
printf("Enter name:\t");
scanf("%s",&s.name);
printf("Enter rollno:\t");
scanf("%d",&s.rollno);
printf("Enter marks:\t");
scanf("%f",&s.marks);
printf("Name=%s Rollno=%d Marks=%f \n",s.name,s.rollno,s.marks);
getch ();

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