The document describes a laboratory exercise on surveying over uneven and sloping ground. The objectives are to determine magnetic bearings of an open compass traverse and learn how to adjust the traverse. The procedure involves establishing stations A through F, measuring forward and back bearings between stations using a compass, measuring lengths with a tape, and calculating distances using pacing. The results are tabulated with observed and adjusted bearings and lengths. Computations adjust for local attraction using unaffected lines or least discrepancy lines.
The document describes a laboratory exercise on surveying over uneven and sloping ground. The objectives are to determine magnetic bearings of an open compass traverse and learn how to adjust the traverse. The procedure involves establishing stations A through F, measuring forward and back bearings between stations using a compass, measuring lengths with a tape, and calculating distances using pacing. The results are tabulated with observed and adjusted bearings and lengths. Computations adjust for local attraction using unaffected lines or least discrepancy lines.
The document describes a laboratory exercise on surveying over uneven and sloping ground. The objectives are to determine magnetic bearings of an open compass traverse and learn how to adjust the traverse. The procedure involves establishing stations A through F, measuring forward and back bearings between stations using a compass, measuring lengths with a tape, and calculating distances using pacing. The results are tabulated with observed and adjusted bearings and lengths. Computations adjust for local attraction using unaffected lines or least discrepancy lines.
The document describes a laboratory exercise on surveying over uneven and sloping ground. The objectives are to determine magnetic bearings of an open compass traverse and learn how to adjust the traverse. The procedure involves establishing stations A through F, measuring forward and back bearings between stations using a compass, measuring lengths with a tape, and calculating distances using pacing. The results are tabulated with observed and adjusted bearings and lengths. Computations adjust for local attraction using unaffected lines or least discrepancy lines.
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Name: JOAMY MARK A.
ABELLA Year/Course/Section: 2 BSABE A
ENSC 234 SURVEYING Date Submitted: JUNE 30, 2023 LABORATORY EXERCISE No. 4 PROBLEM : TAPING OVER UNEVEN AND SLOPING GROUND OBJECTIVES: a.) To determine the magnetic bearings of each line of an open compass traverse. b.) To learn how to adjust an open compass traverse. --------------------------------------------------------------------- LAB EXERCISE OUTLINE
A. INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES: Surveyor's or Brunton Pocket
Compass, Steel Tape, Range Poles, and Pegs or Chaining Pins. B. PROCEDURE: 1. Establish at least six distant stations for an open traverse. Call these stations A, B, C, and so forth. 2. Set up and level the compass at A and release the needle of the compass so that it will swing freely on its pivot. 3. Sight B and read the compass box for the direction pointed by the north end of the needle. Record this as the forward bearing of line AB. 4. Transfer the compass to B and sight on A. Read the compass box and record this as the back bearing of line AB. 5. Turn towards the direction of C, then read and record the forward bearing of line BC. 6. Transfer to C and sight on B. Read and record the back bearing of line BC, then sight on D and also read and record the forward bearing of line CD. 7. Proceed to the next station and repeat the same process until the last traverse station is occupied and a back bearing is taken on the last line of the traverse. 8. With a steel tape, measure the length of each line in the traverse twice and record the mean as the actual length of the line. 9. Tabulate observed and adjusted values accordingly. Refer to the 44 accompanying sample formats for the tabulation of field data.
Name: JOAMY MARK A. ABELLA Year/Course/Section: 2 BSABE A
ENSC 234 SURVEYING Date Submitted: JUNE 30, 2023 NOTE: From the illustrated sample figure of an open transverse, the mean length of each transverse line is indicated as d1, d2, d3, etc. The angular values corresponding to the forward and back bearings of traverse lines are represented as θ1, θ2, θ3, etc. OBSERVED BEARINGS ADJUSTED BEARINGS LINE LENGTH FORWARD BACKWARD FORWARD BACKWAR D AB 9.814 N 40⁰ E S 40⁰ W N 40⁰ E S 40⁰ W BC 16.123 S 81⁰ E N 84⁰ W S 82.5⁰ E N 82.5⁰ W CD 12.793 S 01⁰ W Due north (0⁰) S 0.5⁰ W N 0.5⁰E DE 14.721 S 74⁰ W N 75⁰ E S 74.5⁰ W N 74.5⁰ E EF 10.515 N 18⁰ E S 18⁰ W N 18⁰ E S 18⁰ W
C. COMPUTATIONS 1. A traverse line is free from local attraction if the bearings read at its two ends are exactly opposite in direction. The traverse angles are computed from observed bearings and starting from the unaffected line. 2. If two or more traverse lines appear to be free from local at- traction, one of these lines is arbitrarily chosen as the best line. If none of the lines is free from local attraction, the line with the least discrepancy between the forward and back bearings is chosen and its forward bearing is assumed to be correct. 3. The angle between the observed forward and back bearing at any station can be determined correctly since the angle is independent of local attraction. 4. Correct bearings of successive lines are then computed easily by preparing a careful sketch of the known data observed from each station. There are no formulas to memorize since once the sketch is made, the required calculations are obvious. Name: JOAMY MARK A. ABELLA Year/Course/Section: 2 BSABE A ENSC 234 SURVEYING Date Submitted: JUNE 30, 2023
