Technical White Paper

JA Solar Technical White Paper

01 Background

1.1 PV module development trends

With With
decades of development,
decades PV power
of development, generation
PV power is now
generation is an
nowimport-
an im-
ant part of the global energy infrastructure, transforming it from an
şŅDžÖĽŮşÖDžŅĒŮěýēĵŅòÖĵýĽýŢēƒğĽĒŢÖŦŮŢųóŮųŢý澴ŮŢÖĽŦĒŅŢĻğĽēğŮĒŢŅĻÖĽ
emerging industry into a mature industry. As the core unit of PV power
ýĻýŢēğĽēğĽùųŦŮLjğĽŮŅÖĻÖŮųŢýğĽùųŦŮLj澳ŦŮěýóŅŢýųĽğŮŅĒ~©şŅƌýŢ
generation, the module has experienced profound technical change
ēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽ澴ŮěýĻŅùųĵýěÖŦýƑşýŢğýĽóýùşŢŅĒŅųĽùŮýóěĽğóÖĵóěÖĽēý
during these years of development. No matter the type of improve-
ùųŢğĽēŮěýŦýƒýÖŢŦŅĒùýƋýĵŅşĻýĽŮ澳^ŅĻÖŮŮýŢŮěýŮƒşýŅĒğĻşŢŅƋý-
ment, these changes are responsible for the primary trends of better
ĻýĽŮ澴ŮěýŦýóěÖĽēýŦÖŢýŢýŦşŅĽŦğòĵýĒŅŢŮěýşŢğĻÖLjŮŢýĽùŦŅĒòýŮŮýŢ
quality and efficiency, which are two aspects of product performance
šųÖĵğŮƒÖĽùýƽóğýĽóƒ澴ƌěğóěÖŢýŮƌŅÖŦşýóŮŦŅĒşŢŅùųóŮşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý
that impact each other and are inseparable. Unlike traditional consumer
ŮěÖŮğĻşÖóŮýÖóěŅŮěýŢÖĽùÖŢýğĽŦýşÖŢÖòĵý澳‘ĽĵğıýŮŢÖùğŮğŅĽÖĵóŅĽŦųĻýŢ
electronics, PV modules sport a lifespan of at least 25 years or longer,
ýĵýóŮŢŅĽğóŦ澴~©ĻŅùųĵýŦŦşŅDžÖĵğĒýŦşÖĽŅĒÖŮĵýÖŦŮ滷滺ƒýÖŢŦŅŢĵŅĽēýŢ澴
so the primary evaluation criteria revolve around ensuring continuous,
ŦŅŮěýşŢğĻÖLjýƋÖĵųÖŮğŅĽóŢğŮýŢğÖŢýƋŅĵƋýÖŢŅųĽùýĽŦųŢğĽēóŅĽŮğĽųŅųŦ澴
reliable, and high efficiency power generation. Success in this effort is
ŢýĵğÖòĵý澴ÖĽùěğēěýƽóğýĽóƒşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽ澳…ųóóýŦŦğĽŮěğŦýƺŅDžğŦ
measured by LCOE and this is the core value to the customer.
ĻýÖŦųŢýùòƒVd)ÖĽùŮěğŦğŦŮěýóŅŢýƋÖĵųýŮŅŮěýóųŦŮŅĻýŢ澳

As PV products improve, to ensure high quality the reliability tests are

Ŧ~©şŢŅùųóŮŦğĻşŢŅƋý澴ŮŅýĽŦųŢýěğēěšųÖĵğŮƒŮěýŢýĵğÖòğĵğŮƒŮýŦŮŦ
becoming more comprehensive and strict. To meet various new and
ÖŢýòýóŅĻğĽēĻŅŢýóŅĻşŢýěýĽŦğƋýÖĽùŦŮŢğóŮ澳ŒŅĻýýŮƋÖŢğŅųŦĽýƌÖĽù
modified standards, PV equipment manufacturers need constant new
ĻŅùğǁýùŦŮÖĽùÖŢùŦ澴~©ýšųğşĻýĽŮĻÖĽųĒÖóŮųŢýŢŦĽýýùóŅĽŦŮÖĽŮĽýƌ
technology research and development, which includes the introduction
ŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒŢýŦýÖŢóěÖĽùùýƋýĵŅşĻýĽŮ澴ƌěğóěğĽóĵųùýŦŮěýğĽŮŢŅùųóŮğŅĽ
of new materials, new processes, and new products. To properly evaluate
ŅĒĽýƌĻÖŮýŢğÖĵŦ澴ĽýƌşŢŅóýŦŦýŦ澴ÖĽùĽýƌşŢŅùųóŮŦ澳ŒŅşŢŅşýŢĵƒýƋÖĵų-
reliability, stability and overall power generation performance, modules
ÖŮýŢýĵğÖòğĵğŮƒ澴ŦŮÖòğĵğŮƒÖĽùŅƋýŢÖĵĵşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澴ĻŅù-
must be verified by outdoor field tests in a variety of climatic conditions.
ųĵýŦĻųŦŮòýƋýŢğǁýùòƒŅųŮùŅŅŢǁýĵùŮýŦŮŦğĽÖƋÖŢğýŮƒŅĒóĵğĻÖŮğóóŅĽ-
ùğŮğŅĽŦ澳
Module efficiency improvements naturally reduce BOS cost of PV sys-
tems, and thus reduce LCOE. The industry has improved module effi-
~ÖĽýĵýƽóğýĽóƒğĻşŢŅƋýĻýĽŮŦĽÖŮųŢÖĵĵƒŢýùųóýd…óŅŦŮŅĒ~©
ciency mainly through better cell efficiency and module encapsulation.
ŦƒŦŮýĻŦ澴ÖĽùŮěųŦŢýùųóýVd)澳ŒěýğĽùųŦŮLjěÖŦğĻşŢŅƋýùĻŅùųĵýýĒ-
The efficiency improvement path is shown in Figure 1. After 2016, with
ǁóğýĽóƒĻÖğĽĵƒŮěŢŅųēěòýŮŮýŢóýĵĵýƽóğýĽóƒÖĽùĻŅùųĵýýĽóÖşŦųĵÖŮğŅĽ澳
the large-scale introduction of PERC cell technology into mass produc-
ŒěýýƽóğýĽóƒğĻşŢŅƋýĻýĽŮşÖŮěğŦŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滶澳ĒŮýŢ滷滵滶滻澴ƌğŮě
tion, module efficiency was increased from ~16% to ~21% by combining
ŮěýĵÖŢēý瀲ŦóÖĵýğĽŮŢŅùųóŮğŅĽŅĒ~)óýĵĵŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒğĽŮŅĻÖŦŦşŢŅùųó-
half cell technology, MBB technology, SE technology and various
ŮğŅĽ澴ĻŅùųĵýýƽóğýĽóƒƌÖŦğĽóŢýÖŦýùĒŢŅĻ炨滶滻為ŮŅ炨滷滶為òƒóŅĻòğĽğĽē
high-efficiency BOM materials. In 2022, as PERC cells reached the peak
ěÖĵĒóýĵĵŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澴\ŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澴…)ŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒÖĽùƋÖŢğŅųŦ
efficiency of mass production, TOPCon and HJT cells picked up the
ěğēě瀲ýƽóğýĽóƒd\ĻÖŮýŢğÖĵŦ澳DĽ滷滵滷滷澴ÖŦ~)óýĵĵŦŢýÖóěýùŮěýşýÖı
baton to drive improvements. TOPCon cells have taken the lead in
ýƽóğýĽóƒŅĒĻÖŦŦşŢŅùųóŮğŅĽ澴Œd~ŅĽÖĽùARŒóýĵĵŦşğóıýùųşŮěý

01
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

òÖŮŅĽŮŅùŢğƋýğĻşŢŅƋýĻýĽŮŦ澳Œd~ŅĽóýĵĵŦěÖƋýŮÖıýĽŮěýĵýÖùğĽ
achieving large-scale production due to the high compatibility between
ÖóěğýƋğĽēĵÖŢēý瀲ŦóÖĵýşŢŅùųóŮğŅĽùųýŮŅŢýùųóýùýšųğşĻýĽŮóŅŦŮ澴Ö
TOPCon cell preparation process and PERC cell production line, large
ĻŅŢýĻÖŮųŢýşŢýşÖŢÖŮğŅĽşŢŅóýŦŦÖĽùŢÖƌĻÖŮýŢğÖĵŦųşşĵƒ澴ÖĽùĵŅƌýŢ
cell efficiency improvement potential and lower equipment investment
şŢŅùųóŮğĽŮýēŢÖŮğŅĽóŅŦŮ澳\ŅùųĵýĻÖŦŦşŢŅùųóŮğŅĽýƽóğýĽóƒŦěŅųĵù
cost. Module mass production efficiency should reach more than 22%.
ŢýÖóěĻŅŢýŮěÖĽ滷滷為澳

PERC

TOPCon/HJT...
ýĵĵýƽóğýĽóƒ
SE
improvement
MBB/SMBB

Module Bifacial
ýƽóğýĽóƒ
improvement
Coated Glass
glass

)ƽóğýĽŮ High transmittance EVA

module
encapsulation Half cell+MBB/SMBB

AğēěùýĽŦğŮƒ
encapsulation

;ğēųŢý滶ŒěýĻÖğĽýƽóğýĽóƒğĻşŢŅƋýĻýĽŮşÖŮěŅĒ~©ĻŅùųĵýŦ
Figure 1 : The main efficiency improvement path of PV module

1.2 JA Solar DeepBlue product design concept

ŒýóěĽğóÖĵğĽĽŅƋÖŮğŅĽğŦŮěýĒŅųĽùÖŮğŅĽŅĒR…ŅĵÖŢ灆ŦùýƋýĵŅşĻýĽŮ
Technical innovation is the foundation of JA Solar’s development effort.
ýƺŅDž澳…ŮÖDžğĽēğĽ滷滵滷滵澴R…ŅĵÖŢŦŮýşşýùųşğŮŦşŢŅùųóف熀%ğĽƋýŦŮ-
Starting in 2020, JA Solar stepped up its product R&D investment and
ĻýĽŮÖĽùĵÖųĽóěýùŮěý%ýýşĵųý滸澳滵ŦýŢğýŦŅĒěğēěýƽóğýĽóƒĻŅùųĵýŦ澴
launched the DeepBlue 3.0 series of high efficiency modules, based on
òÖŦýùŅĽğŮŦ\滶滵ƌÖĒýŢÖĽù~ýŢóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澳%ýýşĵųý滸澳滵
its M10 wafer and Percium+ cell technology. DeepBlue 3.0 modules
ĻŅùųĵýŦěÖƋýòýýĽųĽÖĽğĻŅųŦĵƒŢýóŅēĽğƚýùÖĽùşŢÖğŦýùòƒųŦýŢŦÖĽù
have been unanimously recognized and praised by users and third-par-
ŮěğŢù瀲şÖDžƒŅŢēÖĽğƚÖŮğŅĽŦğĽĻÖĽƒóŅųĽŮŢğýŦ澳;ŅĵĵŅƌğĽēŮěýşŢŅùųóŮ
ty organizations in many countries. Following the product strategy of
ŦŮŢÖŮýēƒŅĒ灒ēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽŅĒşŢŅùųóŮğŅĽ澴ēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽŅĒŢýŦýdžýÖĽùēýĽýŢ-
"generation of production, generation of reserve and generation of
ÖŮğŅĽŅĒ熀%灒澴ŅƋýŢ滶滵ƒýÖŢŦÖēŅR…ŅĵÖŢŢýóŅēĽğƚýùŮěýýƽóğýĽóƒĵğĻğŮ
R&D", over 10 years ago JA Solar recognized the efficiency limit of
ŅĒş瀲ŮƒşýóýĵĵŦŦŮÖDžýùŢýŦýÖŢóěÖĽùùýƋýĵŅşĻýĽŮŅĽĽ瀲ŮƒşýóýĵĵŦÖĽù
p-type cells started research and development on n-type cells and
ĻŅùųĵýŦ澳ĒŮýŢĻÖĽƒğŮýŢÖŮğŅĽŦÖĽùŢýşýÖŮýùƋÖĵğùÖŮğŅĽ澴RŦŅĵÖŢ
modules. After many iterations and repeated validation, JA solar
ĵÖųĽóěýùŮěýĽ瀲Ůƒşýěğēě瀲ýƽóğýĽóƒŦýŢğýŦĻŅùųĵýŦóÖĵĵýù%ýýşĵųý
launched the n-type high-efficiency series modules called DeepBlue

02
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

滹澳滵¯ğĽ\Öƒ滷滵滷滷澴ƌěŅŦýĻÖŦŦşŢŅùųóŮğŅĽşŅƌýŢóÖĽŢýÖóě滻滷滺ª澳Œěý
4.0 X in May 2022, whose mass production power can reach 625W. The
%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ŮÖēĵğĽýğŦ灃%ýýşĵųý澴ŮÖğĵŅŢýùŮŅğĽóŢýÖŦýóųŦŮŅĻýŢ
DeepBlue 4.0 X tagline is “DeepBlue, tailored to increase customer
ƋÖĵųý灒澴ƌěğóěğŦĵğƋýùŅųŮğĽŮěýşŢŅùųóŮ灆ŦóŅĽŮğĽųŅųŦğĻşŢŅƋýĻýĽŮğĽ
value", which is lived out in the product’s continuous improvement in
šųÖĵğŮƒÖĽùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澴ŮěųŦòŢğĽēğĽēóųŦŮŅĻýŢŦĵŅƌýŢVd)澴ěğēěýŢ
quality and performance, thus bringing customers lower LCOE, higher
şŢŅùųóŮƋÖĵųýÖĽùÖòýŮŮýŢóųŦŮŅĻýŢýƑşýŢğýĽóý澳
product value and a better customer experience.

Figure 2 : DeepBlue 4.0 X series products

;ğēųŢý滷%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ŦýŢğýŦşŢŅùųóŮŦ

02 ŅŢýŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ
Œěý%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýÖùŅşŮŦŮƌŅóŅŢýŮýóěĽŅĵŅēğýŦ澵ÖĽ
The DeepBlue 4.0 X module adopts two core technologies: an n-type
Ľ瀲ŮƒşýƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵÖĽù<ÖşĵýŦŦǃýƑğòĵýğĽŮýŢóŅĽĽýóŮğŅĽ瀀<;D瀁ŮýóěĽŅĵ-
Bycium+ cell and Gapless flexible interconnection (GFI) technology. In
Ņēƒ澳DĽÖùùğŮğŅĽ澴%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ųŮğĵğƚýŦŮěýğĻşŢŅƋğĽēšųÖĵğŮƒÖĽùýƽ-
addition, DeepBlue 4.0 X utilizes the improving quality and efficiency
óğýĽóƒŮýóěĽŅĵŅēğýŦŅĒŮěýýÖŢĵğýŢ%ýýşĵųýŦýŢğýŦŅĒşŢŅùųóŮŦ澴ğĽóĵųù-
technologies of the earlier DeepBlue series of products, including M10
ğĽē\滶滵瀀滶滽滷ĻĻ瀁ŦğĵğóŅĽŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澴\ŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澴ěÖĵĒ瀲óýĵĵŮýóě-
(182mm) silicon technology, MBB technology, half-cell technology. This
ĽŅĵŅēƒ澳ŒěğŦýƺýóŮğƋýĵƒğĻşŢŅƋýŦĻŅùųĵýóŅĽƋýŢŦğŅĽýƽóğýĽóƒƌěğĵý
effectively improves module conversion efficiency while ensuring
ýĽŦųŢğĽēĻŅùųĵýŦŮÖòğĵğŮƒÖĽùŢýĵğÖòğĵğŮƒ澳
module stability and reliability.

03
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

滷澳滶ƒóğųĻ炜ěğēěýƽóğýĽóƒŦŅĵÖŢóýĵĵ
2.1 Bycium+ high efficiency solar cell

Bycium+ cell iscell

Bycium+ JAisSolar’s proprietary
JA Solar’s highhigh
proprietary efficiency n-type
efficiency passivated
ƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵğŦR…ŅĵÖŢ灆ŦşŢŅşŢğýŮÖLjěğēěýƽóğýĽóƒĽ瀲ŮƒşýşÖŦ-
n-type passiv-
contact
ated cell, which
contact is based
cell, which on a mature
is based 182mm
on a mature size wafer,
182mm millisecond
ŦğƋÖŮýùóŅĽŮÖóŮóýĵĵ澴ƌěğóěğŦòÖŦýùŅĽÖĻÖŮųŢý滶滽滷ĻĻŦğƚýƌÖĒýŢ澴Ļğĵ-
size wafer, milli-
level lowlevel
oxygen n-type wafer
low oxygen n-typetechnology, optimized
wafer technology, passivation
optimized and
ĵğŦýóŅĽùĵýƋýĵĵŅƌŅƑƒēýĽĽ瀲ŮƒşýƌÖĒýŢŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澴ŅşŮğĻğƚýùşÖŦŦğƋÖ-
second passiva-
contact
andtechnologies, ultra-thinultra-thin
busbar metallization and double-sided
ŮğŅĽÖĽùóŅĽŮÖóŮŮýóěĽŅĵŅēğýŦ澴ųĵŮŢÖ瀲ŮěğĽòųŦòÖŢĻýŮÖĵĵğƚÖŮğŅĽÖĽùùŅų-
tion contact technologies, busbar metallization and dou-
anti-reflection film technology. The Voc ofThe
theVoc
cell of
can reach 720mV
òĵý瀲ŦğùýùÖĽŮğ瀲ŢýǃýóŮğŅĽǁĵĻŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澳Œěý©ŅóŅĒŮěýóýĵĵóÖĽŢýÖóě
ble-sided anti-reflection film technology. the cell can and
reach
the mass current production
current cell efficiency can reach 25%.
canThe Bycium+
滼滷滵Ļ©ÖĽùŮěýĻÖŦŦóųŢŢýĽŮşŢŅùųóŮğŅĽóýĵĵýƽóğýĽóƒóÖĽŢýÖóě滷滺為澳
720mV and the mass production cell efficiency reach 25%.
cell structure
Bycium+ diagram is shown in Figure 3. in Figure 3.
ŒěýƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŦŮŢųóŮųŢýùğÖēŢÖĻğŦŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滸澳
The cell structure diagram is shown

;ŢŅĽŮ…ųDŽÖóý
;ŢŅĽŮ…ųDŽÖóý~ÖŦŦğƋÖŮğŅĽ
Emitter
Ľ瀲ŮƒşýŦųòŦŮŢÖŮý
Front Surface RSP + Passivated Contact

Front Surface Passivation Öóı…ųDŽÖóý

Emitter
;ğēųŢý滸ƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŦŮŢųóŮųŢýùğÖēŢÖĻ
n-type substrate

RSP + Passivated Contact

Back Surface
滷澳滷<ÖşĵýŦŦǃýƑğòĵýğĽŮýŢóŅĽĽýóŮğŅĽ瀀<;D瀁
Figure 3 : Bycium+ cell structure diagram
ŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ

2.2 Gapless flexible interconnection (GFI)

\ŅùųĵýýƽóğýĽóƒğŦğĻşŢŅƋýùòŅŮěòƒòýŮŮýŢóýĵĵýƽóğýĽóƒÖĽù
technology
ěğēě瀲ùýĽŦğŮƒĻŅùųĵýýĽóÖşŦųĵÖŮğŅĽ澳Œěý%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵý
ÖùŅşŮŦR…ŅĵÖŢ灆ŦşÖŮýĽŮýùěğēě瀲ùýĽŦğŮƒĻŅùųĵýýĽóÖşŦųĵÖŮğŅĽŮýóě-
ĽŅĵŅēƒ澵ēÖşĵýŦŦǃýƑğòĵýğĽŮýŢóŅĽĽýóŮğŅĽ瀀<;D瀁澳ŒěýŢŅųĽùŢğòòŅĽěÖŦÖ
Module
Module efficiency
efficiency is improved
is improved bothboth by better
by better cell efficiency
cell efficiency and and
ŦşýóğÖĵòųƺýŢŮŢýÖŮĻýĽŮŮěÖŮěÖĽùĵýŦĻýóěÖĽğóÖĵŦŮŢýŦŦÖŮóýĵĵğĽŮýŢóŅĽ-
high-density module encapsulation. The DeepBlue 4.0 X module
ĽýóŮğŅĽŦÖĽùŮěųŦýĵğĻğĽÖŮýŦŮěýŢğŦıŅĒĻğóŢŅ瀲óŢÖóıŦ澳\ýÖĽƌěğĵý澴R
adopts JA Solar’s patented high-density module encapsulation tech-
…ŅĵÖŢĻÖğĽŮÖğĽýùŮěýŦŮÖĽùÖŢùğƚýùŦğƚýŅĒŮěýĻŅùųĵýŦòƒÖùĭųŦŮğĽēŮěý
nology: gapless flexible interconnection (GFI). The round ribbon has a
ŦğƚýŅĒŮěýŦğĵğóŅĽƌÖĒýŢŦ澴ƌěğóěýĽŦųŢýŦƋýŢŦÖŮğĵğŮƒĒŅŢùŅƌĽŦŮŢýÖĻÖş-
special buffer treatment that handles mechanical stress at cell intercon-
şĵğóÖŮğŅĽŦ澳
nections and thus eliminates the risk of micro-cracks. Meanwhile, JA
Solar maintained the standardized size of the modules by adjusting the
<;DŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒğŦóŅĻşÖŮğòĵýƌğŮěóųŢŢýĽŮĻÖğĽŦŮŢýÖĻĻŅùųĵýýĽ瀲
size of the silicon wafers, which ensures versatility for downstream ap-
plications.
04

GFI technology
GFI technology is compatible
is compatible with with current
current mainstream
mainstream module
module en-
encap-

04
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

JA Solar Technical White Paper

óÖşŦųĵÖŮğŅĽŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澴ŦŅŮěÖŮĻŅùųĵýýƽóğýĽóƒóÖĽòýğĽóŢýÖŦýùòƒ
sulation technology, so that module efficiency can be increased by
óÖşŦųĵÖŮğŅĽŮýóěĽŅĵŅēƒ澴ŦŅŮěÖŮĻŅùųĵýýƽóğýĽóƒóÖĽòýğĽóŢýÖŦýùòƒ
ÖòŅųŮ滵澳滹為ÖĽùĻŅùųĵýşŅƌýŢóÖĽòýğĽóŢýÖŦýùòƒÖòŅųŮ滶滵ª澳ŅĻ-
about 0.4% and module power can be increased by about 10W. Com-
ÖòŅųŮ滵澳滹為ÖĽùĻŅùųĵýşŅƌýŢóÖĽòýğĽóŢýÖŦýùòƒÖòŅųŮ滶滵ª澳ŅĻ-
şÖŢýùƌğŮěóŅĽƋýĽŮğŅĽÖĵĻŅùųĵýŦ澴<;DĻŅùųĵýŦóÖĽŢýùųóýŮěýşŢŅĭýóŮ
pared with conventional modules, GFI modules can reduce the project
şÖŢýùƌğŮěóŅĽƋýĽŮğŅĽÖĵĻŅùųĵýŦ澴<;DĻŅùųĵýŦóÖĽŢýùųóýŮěýşŢŅĭýóŮ
óŅĽŦŮŢųóŮğŅĽóŅŦŮòƒ滵澳滷滸óýĽŮ濗ªŮŅ滵澳滸滽óýĽŮ濗ªÖĽùĵŅƌýŢVd)òƒ
construction cost by 0.23cent/W to 0.38cent/W and lower LCOE by
óŅĽŦŮŢųóŮğŅĽóŅŦŮòƒ滵澳滷滸óýĽŮ濗ªŮŅ滵澳滸滽óýĽŮ濗ªÖĽùĵŅƌýŢVd)òƒ
滵澳滸為瀲滵澳滼為澳…ƒŦŮýĻóŅŦŮóŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽùÖŮÖğŦŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滹澳
0.3%-0.7%. System cost comparison data is shown in Figure 4.
滵澳滸為瀲滵澳滼為澳…ƒŦŮýĻóŅŦŮóŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽùÖŮÖğŦŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滹澳
滶滵滶為

滶滵滶為
滶滵滵為

滶滵滵為
滾滾為

滾滾為
滾滽為

滾滽為
滾滼為

滾滼為
滾滻為

滾滻為
滾滺為
ųĵý rea Öóı ğŅĽ ŅŦŮ ŅŦŮ
ù a  ÖŮ ó ó
滾滺為 \Ņ ntion PV Öòĵý Ņ ųĽ ù ÖŢýù
V ÖĽù
lla ĵý ó a óı ; Ľ …ě ŦŮ ŦŮ
sta ùų are  Ö ÖŮğŅ óŅ óŅ
in \Ņ tion P V òĵý ųĽ ù Ţýù ÖĽù
lan óÖ ;Ņ …ěÖ V
stal
in ŅĽƋýĽŮğŅĽÖĵĻŅùųĵýŦ <;ĵĻŅùųĵýŦ瀀…ğĻğĵÖŢğĽŦŮÖĵĵÖŮğŅĽóÖşÖóğŮƒ瀁
<;DĻŅùųĵýŦ瀀…ğĻğĵÖŢĻŅùųĵýšųÖĽŮğŮƒ瀁
ŅĽƋýĽŮğŅĽÖĵĻŅùųĵýŦ <;ĵĻŅùųĵýŦ瀀…ğĻğĵÖŢğĽŦŮÖĵĵÖŮğŅĽóÖşÖóğŮƒ瀁
<;DĻŅùųĵýŦ瀀…ğĻğĵÖŢĻŅùųĵýšųÖĽŮğŮƒ瀁
;ğēųŢý滹ŒěýŦƒŦŮýĻóŅŦŮóŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽùÖŮÖ
Figure 4 : The system cost comparison data
;ğēųŢý滹ŒěýŦƒŦŮýĻóŅŦŮóŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽùÖŮÖ

03 Product advantages
03 Product advantages
%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýùýĵğƋýŢŦŦŮŢŅĽēşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽşýDŽŅŢ-
%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýùýĵğƋýŢŦŦŮŢŅĽēşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽşýDŽŅŢ-
ĻÖĽóýùųýŮŅĒŅųŢóěÖŢÖóŮýŢğŦŮğóŦóŢýÖŮýùòƒğŮŦŮƌŅóŅŢýŮýóěĽŅĵŅēğýŦ澵
DeepBlue 4.0 X module delivers strong power generation performance
ĻÖĽóýùųýŮŅĒŅųŢóěÖŢÖóŮýŢğŦŮğóŦóŢýÖŮýùòƒğŮŦŮƌŅóŅŢýŮýóěĽŅĵŅēğýŦ澵
ĵŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽ澴ŦųşýŢğŅŢěğēěŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢ-
due to four characteristics created by its two core technologies: lower
ĵŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽ澴ŦųşýŢğŅŢěğēěŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢ-
ĻÖĽóý澴ěğēěýŢòğĒÖóğÖĵēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽÖĽùýƑóýĵĵýĽŮĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóý
degradation, superior high temperature energy yield performance,
ĻÖĽóý澴ěğēěýŢòğĒÖóğÖĵēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽÖĽùýƑóýĵĵýĽŮĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóý
ýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澳
higher bifacial generation gain and excellent low irradiance energy yield
ýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澳
performance.
3.1 Lower degradation
3.1 Lower degradation
~ŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽğŦŢýùųóýùùųýŮŅŮěýĽÖŮųŢÖĵÖùƋÖĽŮÖēýŅĒ
~ŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽğŦŢýùųóýùùųýŮŅŮěýĽÖŮųŢÖĵÖùƋÖĽŮÖēýŅĒ
Ľ瀲ŮƒşýƌÖĒýŢŦ瀀ƌğŮěŅųŮ瀲dóŅĻşĵýƑ瀁ğĽVD%瀲ĒŢýýÖĽùòýŮŮýŢVýŒD%şýŢ-
Power degradation is reduced due to the natural advantage of n-type
Ľ瀲ŮƒşýƌÖĒýŢŦ瀀ƌğŮěŅųŮ瀲dóŅĻşĵýƑ瀁ğĽVD%瀲ĒŢýýÖĽùòýŮŮýŢVýŒD%şýŢ-
ĒŅŢĻÖĽóýóŅĻşÖŢýùŮŅóŅĽƋýĽŮğŅĽÖĵ~)óýĵĵ澳R…ŅĵÖŢŅƺýŢŦÖ
wafers (without B-O complex) in LID-free and better LeTID perfor-
ĒŅŢĻÖĽóýóŅĻşÖŢýùŮŅóŅĽƋýĽŮğŅĽÖĵ~)óýĵĵ澳R…ŅĵÖŢŅƺýŢŦÖ
滸滵瀲ƒýÖŢĵğĽýÖŢşŅƌýŢŅųŮşųŮƌÖŢŢÖĽŮƒƌğŮěĵýŦŦŮěÖĽ滶為ùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽğĽ
mance compared to conventional PERC cell. JA Solar offers a 30-year
滸滵瀲ƒýÖŢĵğĽýÖŢşŅƌýŢŅųŮşųŮƌÖŢŢÖĽŮƒƌğŮěĵýŦŦŮěÖĽ滶為ùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽğĽ
ŮěýǁŢŦŮƒýÖŢÖĽùĵýŦŦŮěÖĽ滵澳滹為ÖĽĽųÖĵùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽğĽŮěýĒŅĵĵŅƌğĽē
linear power output warranty with less than 1% degradation in the first
ŮěýǁŢŦŮƒýÖŢÖĽùĵýŦŦŮěÖĽ滵澳滹為ÖĽĽųÖĵùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽğĽŮěýĒŅĵĵŅƌğĽē
ƒýÖŢŦ澳ÖĵóųĵÖŮğŅĽŦŦěŅƌşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽğĽŮěýŦýdžğóýĵğĒýŮğĻý
year and less than 0.4% annual degradation in the following years. Cal-
ƒýÖŢŦ澳ÖĵóųĵÖŮğŅĽŦŦěŅƌşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽğĽŮěýŦýdžğóýĵğĒýŮğĻý
culations show power generation gain in the service lifetime to be up to
05

05
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

1.8% and first-year degradation data shows power gain of up to 1%, as

ŮŅòýųşŮŅ滶澳滽為ÖĽùǁŢŦŮ瀲ƒýÖŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽùÖŮÖŦěŅƌŦşŅƌýŢēÖğĽŅĒ
shown in Figure 5.
ųşŮŅ滶為澴ÖŦŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滺澳

A one-year field test performed by JA Solar and TÜV NORD shows that
ŅĽý瀲ƒýÖŢǁýĵùŮýŦŮşýDŽŅŢĻýùòƒR…ŅĵÖŢÖĽùŒ–©^d%ŦěŅƌŦ
the first year power degradation of the n-type module based on Byci-
ŮěÖŮŮěýǁŢŦŮƒýÖŢşŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽŅĒŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵýòÖŦýùŅĽ
um+ cells is about 0.15%, which is considered by the industry to be ex-
ƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŦğŦÖòŅųŮ滵澳滶滺為澴ƌěğóěğŦóŅĽŦğùýŢýùòƒŮěýğĽùųŦŮLjŮŅòý
cellent degradation performance.
ýƑóýĵĵýĽŮùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澳

滾滾澳滵為 Ľ瀲ŮƒşýòğĒÖóğÖĵĻŅùųĵý
şýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóýƌÖŢŢÖĽŮƒ
滾滽澳滵為 ş瀲ŮƒşýòğĒÖóğÖĵĻŅùųĵý
şýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóýƌÖŢŢÖĽŮƒ

滽滼澳滹為

滽滺澳滵為

滶 滺 滶滵 滶滺 滷滵 30year

Figure 5 : Power Degradation of n-type and p-type modules

;ğēųŢý滺~ŅƌýŢ%ýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽŅĒĽ瀲ŮƒşýÖĽùş瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵýŦ

滸澳滷…ųşýŢğŅŢěğēěŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵù
şýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý

Looking at high temperature energy yield performance, which is driven

VŅŅığĽēÖŮěğēěŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澴ƌěğóěğŦ
by the temperature coefficient and module operating temperature,
ùŢğƋýĽòƒŮěýŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýóŅýƽóğýĽŮÖĽùĻŅùųĵýŅşýŢÖŮğĽēŮýĻşýŢÖ-
higher cell open voltage means a better theoretical temperature coeffi-
ŮųŢý澴ěğēěýŢóýĵĵŅşýĽƋŅĵŮÖēýĻýÖĽŦÖòýŮŮýŢŮěýŅŢýŮğóÖĵŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢý
cient. The open-circuit voltage of an n-type Bycium+ cell can reach
óŅýƽóğýĽŮ澳ŒěýŅşýĽ瀲óğŢóųğŮƋŅĵŮÖēýŅĒÖĽĽ瀲ŮƒşýƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵóÖĽ
720mV, with a temperature coefficient of -0.3%/℃, while p-type PERC
ŢýÖóě滼滷滵Ļ©澴ƌğŮěÖŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýóŅýƽóğýĽŮŅĒ瀲滵澳滸為濗熑澴ƌěğĵýş瀲Ůƒşý
is -0.35%/℃. During hot weather days, assuming module operating
~)ğŦ瀲滵澳滸滺為濗熑澳%ųŢğĽēěŅŮƌýÖŮěýŢùÖƒŦ澴ÖŦŦųĻğĽēĻŅùųĵýŅşýŢÖŮ-
temperature is 55℃ (ambient temperature 30℃), n-type module power
ğĽēŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýğŦ滺滺熑瀀ÖĻòğýĽŮŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢý滸滵熑瀁澴Ľ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý
degradation loss is 1.5% lower than a p-type module in similar high
şŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽĵŅŦŦğŦ滶澳滺為ĵŅƌýŢŮěÖĽÖş瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵýğĽŦğĻğĵÖŢ
temperature conditions. With module operating temperature continual-
ěğēěŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýóŅĽùğŮğŅĽŦ澳ªğŮěĻŅùųĵýŅşýŢÖŮğĽēŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýóŅĽ-
ly increasing, the high temperature performance of an n-type module
ŮğĽųÖĵĵƒğĽóŢýÖŦğĽē澴ŮěýěğēěŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóýŅĒÖĽĽ瀲Ůƒşý
will be significantly better.
ĻŅùųĵýƌğĵĵòýŦğēĽğǁóÖĽŮĵƒòýŮŮýŢ澳
%ųýŮŅŮěýěğēěýŢóŅĽƋýŢŦğŅĽýƽóğýĽóƒŅĒŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý澴Ůěý
滷滺 滸滵ƒýÖŢ
Due to the higher conversion efficiency of the n-type module, the heat

06
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

conversion of the absorbed light energy is correspondingly reduced,

ěýÖŮóŅĽƋýŢŦğŅĽŅĒŮěýÖòŦŅŢòýùĵğēěŮýĽýŢēƒğŦóŅŢŢýŦşŅĽùğĽēĵƒŢý-
thereby reducing the working temperature of the module. The JA Solar
ùųóýù澴ŮěýŢýòƒŢýùųóğĽēŮěýƌŅŢığĽēŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýŅĒŮěýĻŅùųĵý澳Œěý
and TÜV NORD one-year field test fully confirms this, and Figure 6
R…ŅĵÖŢÖĽùŒ–©^d%ŅĽý瀲ƒýÖŢǁýĵùŮýŦŮĒųĵĵƒóŅĽǁŢĻŦŮěğŦ澴ÖĽù
shows that the average operating temperature of the n-type module is
;ğēųŢý滻ŦěŅƌŦŮěÖŮŮěýÖƋýŢÖēýŅşýŢÖŮğĽēŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýŅĒŮěýĽ瀲Ůƒşý
about 1°C lower than that of the p-type module. Due to the better tem-
ĻŅùųĵýğŦÖòŅųŮ滶熇ĵŅƌýŢŮěÖĽŮěÖŮŅĒŮěýş瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý澳%ųýŮŅŮěý
perature coefficient and lower operating temperature, the power gen-
òýŮŮýŢŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýóŅýƽóğýĽŮÖĽùĵŅƌýŢŅşýŢÖŮğĽēŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢý澴Ůěý
eration of the n-type module based Bycium+ cells can be about 2%
şŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽŅĒŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵýòÖŦýùƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŦóÖĽòý
higher than that of the p-type PERC module.
ÖòŅųŮ滷為ěğēěýŢŮěÖĽŮěÖŮŅĒŮěýş瀲Ůƒşý~)ĻŅùųĵý澳

40
1000

30
800

Irradiance(W/m2)
:KSVKXGZ[XKȭ

20
600

10
400

0 200

-10 0
8:05:00
8:16:00
8:28:00
8:40:00
8:52:00
9:04:00
9:15:00
9:27:00
9:39:00
9:51:00
10:02:00
10:14:00
10:26:00
10:38:00
10:50:00
11:01:00
11:13:00
11:25:00
11:37:00
11:49:00
12:00:00
12:12:00
12:24:00
12:36:00
12:47:00
12:59:00
13:11:00
13:23:00
13:35:00
13:46:00
13:58:00
14:10:00
14:22:00
14:34:00
14:45:00
14:57:00
15:09:00
15:21:00
15:32:00
15:44:00
15:56:00
16:08:00
16:20:00
16:31:00
16:43:00
16:55:00

Time (Feb 20th,2021)

n-type p-type Ambient temperature Irradiance

70
1000

60
800
Irradiance(W/m2)
:KSVKXGZ[XKȭ

50
600

40 400

30 200

20 0
7:40
7:55
8:10
8:25
8:40
8:55
9:10
9:25
9:40
9:55
10:10
10:25
10:40
10:55
11:10
11:25
11:40
11:55
12:10
12:25
12:40
12:55
13:10
13:25
13:40
13:55
14:10
14:25
14:40
14:55
15:10
15:25
15:40
15:55
16:10
16:25
16:40
16:55
17:10
17:25
17:40

Time (June 23rd, 2021)

n-type p-type Ambient temperature Irradiance

;ğēųŢý滻澵dşýŢÖŮğĽēŮýĻşýŢÖŮųŢýóŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽŅĒĽ瀲Ůƒşý
ÖĽùş瀲Ůƒşý~)ĻŅùųĵýŦ

滸澳滸AğēěýŢòğĒÖóğÖĵēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽ

ýēÖŢùğĽēòğĒÖóğÖĵēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澴ŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý
Regarding bifacial generation performance, the n-type module has
ěÖŦ滽滵為òğĒÖóğÖĵğŮƒ澴ƌěğóěğŦĻųóěěğēěýŢŮěÖĽŮěý滼滵為ŅĒş瀲Ůƒşý~)
80% bifaciality, which is much higher than the 70% of p-type PERC
ĻŅùųĵýŦ澳ŦŦųĻğĽēğŢŢÖùğÖĽóýųĽùýŢŮěýŢýÖŢŦğùýğŦ滶滵滵炨滶滺滵ª濗Ļ滷
modules. Assuming irradiance under the rear side is 100~150 W/m2
óŅĽùğŮğŅĽ澴Ůěý滶滵為òğĒÖóğÖĵğŮƒùğƺýŢýĽóýóÖĽŢýŦųĵŮğĽÖşŅƌýŢēÖğĽŅĒ
condition, the 10% bifaciality difference can result in a power gain of
滶為瀲滶澳滺為ĒŅŢŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý澳‘ĽùýŢùğƺýŢýĽŮēŢŅųĽùóŅĽùğŮğŅĽŦ
1%-1.5% for the n-type module. Under different ground conditions
瀀ēŢŅųĽùÖĵòýùŅòýŮƌýýĽ滷滵為ÖĽù滸滵為瀁ÖĽùùýşýĽùğĽēŅĽŢÖóı
(ground albedo between 20% and 30%) and depending on rack

07
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

heights, front rack and back rack spacing, with or without shadow, the
ěýğēěŮŦ澴ĒŢŅĽŮŢÖóıÖĽùòÖóıŢÖóıŦşÖóğĽē澴ƌğŮěŅŢƌğŮěŅųŮŦěÖùŅƌ澴
PVsyst simulation shows that the DeepBlue 4.0 X module generates
Ůěý~©ŦƒŦŮŦğĻųĵÖŮğŅĽŦěŅƌŦŮěÖŮŮěý%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýēýĽýŢ-
power gains between 0.8% and 1.2%.
ÖŮýŦşŅƌýŢēÖğĽŦòýŮƌýýĽ滵澳滽為ÖĽù滶澳滷為澳

滸澳滹)ƑóýĵĵýĽŮĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵù
şýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý

ŒěýŅŢýŮğóÖĵĵƒ澴%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯şýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóýğŦěğēěĵğēěŮýùĻŅŦŮĵƒ
Theoretically, DeepBlue 4.0 X performance is highlighted mostly by
òƒŦěŅDžýŢóÖŢŢğýŢĵğĒýŮğĻý澴ŅşýĽ瀲óğŢóųğŮƋŅĵŮÖēý澴ÖĽùŦěýýŮŢýŦğŦŮÖĽóýğĽ
shorter carrier lifetime, open-circuit voltage, and sheet resistance in
ĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澳%ųýŮŅƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŦòýŮŮýŢ
low irradiance energy yield performance. Due to Bycium+ cells better
ğĽŮýŢĽÖĵŢýŦğŦŮÖĽóýùýŦğēĽ澴ěğēěýŢĻğĽŅŢğŮƒóÖŢŢğýŢĵğĒýŮğĻýÖĽùŅşýĽ瀲óğŢ-
internal resistance design, higher minority carrier lifetime and
óųğŮƋŅĵŮÖēý澴Ůěýóýĵĵ灆ŦĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóýşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóýğŦŦųşýŢğŅŢ澳‘ĽùýŢ
open-circuit voltage, the cell’s low irradiance performance is superior.
滻滵滵ª濗Ļ滷óŅĽùğŮğŅĽŦ澴ĵğıýğĽŮěýĻŅŢĽğĽēŅŢĽğēěŮĒÖĵĵ澴ŦğĻųĵÖŮğŅĽŦěŅƌŦ
Under 600W/m2 conditions, like in the morning or night fall, simulation
ŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùēÖğĽŮŅòýÖòŅųŮ滵澳滷為澳
shows the n-type energy yield gain to be about 0.2%.

0.80%

0.25%
0.19%

0.05%
ª濗Ļ潹
100 200 400 600

;ğēųŢý滼澵%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóýşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽ

04 )ƑóýĵĵýĽŮŢýĵğÖòğĵğŮƒ
Module reliability is commonly verified by accelerated aging tests in
\ŅùųĵýŢýĵğÖòğĵğŮƒğŦóŅĻĻŅĽĵƒƋýŢğǁýùòƒÖóóýĵýŢÖŮýùÖēğĽēŮýŦŮŦ
the laboratory. DeepBlue 4.0 X modules have excellent reliability like all
ğĽŮěýĵÖòŅŢÖŮŅLj澳%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýŦěÖƋýýƑóýĵĵýĽŮŢýĵğÖòğĵğŮƒĵğıý
the modules in the DeepBlue series. The DeepBlue 4.0 X modules have
ÖĵĵŮěýĻŅùųĵýŦğĽŮěý%ýýşĵųýŦýŢğýŦ澳Œěý%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýŦ
passed the standard aging test and intensified aging test to meet IEC
ěÖƋýşÖŦŦýùŮěýŦŮÖĽùÖŢùÖēğĽēŮýŦŮÖĽùğĽŮýĽŦğǁýùÖēğĽēŮýŦŮŮŅĻýýŮ
standard requirements and exemplifies the module’s outstanding per-
D)ŦŮÖĽùÖŢùŢýšųğŢýĻýĽŮŦÖĽùýƑýĻşĵğǁýŦŮěýĻŅùųĵý灆ŦŅųŮŦŮÖĽùğĽē
formance. Test results are shown in Figure 8.
şýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澳ŒýŦŮŢýŦųĵŮŦÖŢýŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滽澳

5%（IEC standard）

滺為瀨D)ŦŮÖĽùÖŢù瀩

2%
滷為

DH1000
DH1000 DH2000
DH2000 TC200
TC200 TC400
TC400 PID96
~D%滾滻 PID192
~D%滶滾滷

;ğēųŢý滽澵%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýŢýĵğÖòğĵğŮƒŮýŦŮŢýŦųĵŮŦ

08
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

05 Product parameters and

application scenarios
DeepBlue 4.0 X module mainly includes three-dimension designs:
%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýĻÖğĽĵƒğĽóĵųùýŦŮěŢýý瀲ùğĻýĽŦğŅĽùýŦğēĽŦ澵
54-cell, 72-cell, and 78-cell. Main technical parameters are shown in
滺滹瀲óýĵĵ澴滼滷瀲óýĵĵ澴ÖĽù滼滽瀲óýĵĵ澳\ÖğĽŮýóěĽğóÖĵşÖŢÖĻýŮýŢŦÖŢýŦěŅƌĽğĽ
Table 1, with modules categorized for different applicable scenarios as:
ŒÖòĵý滶澴ƌğŮěĻŅùųĵýŦóÖŮýēŅŢğƚýùĒŅŢùğƺýŢýĽŮÖşşĵğóÖòĵýŦóýĽÖŢğŅŦÖŦ澵
54-cell module for residential PV systems, 72-cell and 78-cell modules
滺滹瀲óýĵĵĻŅùųĵýĒŅŢŢýŦğùýĽŮğÖĵ~©ŦƒŦŮýĻŦ澴滼滷瀲óýĵĵÖĽù滼滽瀲óýĵĵĻŅùųĵýŦ
for commercial and industrial projects and utility-scale PV projects.
ĒŅŢóŅĻĻýŢóğÖĵÖĽùğĽùųŦŮŢğÖĵşŢŅĭýóŮŦÖĽùųŮğĵğŮƒ瀲ŦóÖĵý~©şŢŅĭýóŮŦ澳

ŒÖòĵý滶澵%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýĻÖğĽŮýóěĽğóÖĵşÖŢÖĻýŮýŢŦ

\ŅùųĵýŮƒşý濗
JAM54D40 JAM54D40 JAM72D40 JAM72D40 JAM78D40 JAM78D40
technical
parameters -430/GB -435/GB -570/GB -575/GB -620/GB -625/GB

~ĻÖƑ瀄ª瀅 430 435 570 575 620 625

©Ļşş瀄©瀅 32.21 32.42 42.70 42.85 46.20 46.37

DĻşş瀄瀅 13.35 13.42 13.35 13.42 13.42 13.48

©Ņó瀄©瀅 38.32 38.45 51.00 51.15 55.34 55.49

DŦó瀄瀅 14.23 14.30 14.23 14.30 14.30 14.36

Module
ýƽóğýĽóƒ 22.0% 22.3% 22.1% 22.3% 22.2% 22.4%

Temperature
óŅýƽóğýĽŮ 炜滵澳滵滹滻為濗熑
ŅĒDŦó

Temperature
óŅýƽóğýĽŮ 瀲滵澳滷滻滵為濗熑
of Voc

Temperature
óŅýƽóğýĽŮ 瀲滵澳滸滵滵為濗熑
ŅĒ~ĻÖƑ

Dimensions 1722mm*1134mm*30mm 2278mm*1134mm*30mm 2465mm*1134mm*35mm

Weight 21.5kg 31.8kg 34.6kg

ªÖŢŢÖĽŮƒ 1% 1st-year degradation, 0.4% annual degradation over 30 years

09
 JA Solar Technical White Paper

06 Customer value
Vd)ğŦÖóŅŢýĻýÖŦųŢýŅĒóųŦŮŅĻýŢƋÖĵųý澳\ŅùųĵýŦƌğŮěěğēě
LCOE is a core measure of customer value. Modules with high power,
şŅƌýŢ澴ěğēěýƽóğýĽóƒ澴ěğēěýĽýŢēƒēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽóÖşÖóğŮƒ澴ÖĽùěğēěŢýĵğ-
high efficiency, high energy generation capacity, and high reliability
ÖòğĵğŮƒóÖĽòŢğĽēóųŦŮŅĻýŢŦĻŅŢýƋÖĵųýƌğŮěğĻşŢŅƋýùŅƋýŢÖĵĵŢýƋýĽųý澳
can bring customers more value with improved overall revenue.

ŒěýR…ŅĵÖŢÖĽùŒ–©^d%ŅĽý瀲ƒýÖŢǁýĵùŮýŦŮ瀀ÖŮŮěý~©Œ^Ö-
The JA Solar and TÜV NORD one-year field test (at the CPVT National
ŮğŅĽÖĵ~ěŅŮŅƋŅĵŮÖğó)ƑşýŢğĻýĽŮÖĵÖŦýğĽ°ğĽóěųÖĽ澴ěğĽÖ瀁ŦěŅƌýùŮěÖŮ
Photovoltaic Experimental Base in Yinchuan, China) showed that the
ŮěýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùŅĒŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵýòÖŦýùŅĽƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŦğŦ滸澳滾為
energy yield of the n-type module based on Bycium+ cells is 3.9%
ěğēěýŢŮěÖĽŮěÖŮŅĒş瀲~)ĻŅùųĵý澳ŒěýşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽóŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽ
higher than that of p-PERC module. The power generation comparison
ùÖŮÖğŦŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滾澳ŒěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý灆ŦŮěýŅŢýŮğóÖĵşŅƌýŢēýĽ-
data is shown in Figure 9. The n-type module’s theoretical power gen-
ýŢÖŮğŅĽğŦÖŮÖòŅųŮ滹為澴ùųýŮŅĵŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽ澴ŦųşýŢğŅŢěğēěŮýĻ-
eration is at about 4%, due to lower degradation, superior high tem-
şýŢÖŮųŢýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澴ěğēěýŢòğĒÖóğÖĵēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽ澴ÖĽù
perature energy yield performance, higher bifacial generation gain,
ýƑóýĵĵýĽŮĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澳ŒěğŦĽųĻòýŢğŦóŅĽ-
and excellent low irradiance energy yield performance. This number is
ŦğŦŮýĽŮƌğŮěǁýĵùŮýŦŮùÖŮÖÖĽùşųòĵğóĵƒÖƋÖğĵÖòĵýğĽùųŦŮLjŦŮÖŮğŦŮğóŦ澳
consistent with field test data and publicly available industry statistics.

7 6%
Average Daily Energy Yield (kWh/kw)

6 5%

5
4%
JA Solar Technical White Paper
Relative Gain (%)

4
3%
3
2%
2

1 1%

06 Customer value 0
Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
0%

p-type n-type ZĞůĂƟǀĞ'ĂŝŶ

Vd)ğŦÖóŅŢýĻýÖŦųŢýŅĒóųŦŮŅĻýŢƋÖĵųý澳\ŅùųĵýŦƌğŮěěğēě
;ğēųŢý滾澵ŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽùÖŮÖòýŮƌýýĽĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý
şŅƌýŢ澴ěğēěýƽóğýĽóƒ澴ěğēěýĽýŢēƒēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽóÖşÖóğŮƒ澴ÖĽùěğēěŢýĵğ-
ÖĽùş瀲Ůƒşý~)ĻŅùųĵý
ÖòğĵğŮƒóÖĽòŢğĽēóųŦŮŅĻýŢŦĻŅŢýƋÖĵųýƌğŮěğĻşŢŅƋýùŅƋýŢÖĵĵŢýƋýĽųý澳
;ŅŢýƑÖĻşĵý澴òƒýƑÖĻğĽğĽēŮěýóŅŦŮŅĒŮěý滶滵滵\ªşŢŅĭýóŮğĽ
For example, by examining the cost of the 100MW project in
ŒěýR…ŅĵÖŢÖĽùŒ–©^d%ŅĽý瀲ƒýÖŢǁýĵùŮýŦŮ瀀ÖŮŮěý~©Œ^Ö-
%ųòÖğ瀵ŮÖığĽēğĽŮŅóŅĽŦğùýŢÖŮğŅĽŮěýóŅŦŮŅĒŢÖóı澴ĒŅųĽùÖŮğŅĽ澴óÖòĵý澴ğĽ-
Dubai—taking into consideration the cost of rack, foundation, cable,
ŮğŅĽÖĵ~ěŅŮŅƋŅĵŮÖğó)ƑşýŢğĻýĽŮÖĵÖŦýğĽ°ğĽóěųÖĽ澴ěğĽÖ瀁ŦěŅƌýùŮěÖŮ
ŦŮÖĵĵÖŮğŅĽ澴ÖĽùĵÖĽùÖŢýÖ瀲瀲%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýŦóÖĽŢýùųóýŮěýd…
installation, and land area-- DeepBlue 4.0 X modules can reduce the
ŮěýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùŅĒŮěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵýòÖŦýùŅĽƒóğųĻ炜óýĵĵŦğŦ滸澳滾為
BOS cost by 2.1% JA Solar
and LCOE by 4.6%.Technical Whitetime,
At the same Paperthe LCOE can
óŅŦŮòƒ滷澳滶為ÖĽùVd)òƒ滹澳滻為澳ŮŮěýŦÖĻýŮğĻý澴ŮěýVd)óÖĽòýŢý-
ěğēěýŢŮěÖĽŮěÖŮŅĒş瀲~)ĻŅùųĵý澳ŒěýşŅƌýŢēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽóŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽ
ùųóýùòƒÖòŅųŮ滸澳滺瀲滺為ùýşýĽùğĽēŅĽēĵŅòÖĵŢýēğŅĽ澴óĵğĻÖŮğóóŅĽùğ-
be reduced by about 3.5-5% depending on global region, climatic con-
ùÖŮÖğŦŦěŅƌĽğĽ;ğēųŢý滾澳ŒěýĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý灆ŦŮěýŅŢýŮğóÖĵşŅƌýŢēýĽ-
ŮğŅĽŦ澴ÖĽùşŢŅĭýóŮ澴ÖŦŦěŅƌĽğĽŮěýǁēųŢý滶滵澳
ditions, and project, as shown in the figure 10.
ýŢÖŮğŅĽğŦÖŮÖòŅųŮ滹為澴ùųýŮŅĵŅƌýŢùýēŢÖùÖŮğŅĽ澴ŦųşýŢğŅŢěğēěŮýĻ-
şýŢÖŮųŢýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澴ěğēěýŢòğĒÖóğÖĵēýĽýŢÖŮğŅĽēÖğĽ澴ÖĽù
10
ýƑóýĵĵýĽŮĵŅƌğŢŢÖùğÖĽóýýĽýŢēƒƒğýĵùşýDŽŅŢĻÖĽóý澳ŒěğŦĽųĻòýŢğŦóŅĽ-
ŦğŦŮýĽŮƌğŮěǁýĵùŮýŦŮùÖŮÖÖĽùşųòĵğóĵƒÖƋÖğĵÖòĵýğĽùųŦŮLjŦŮÖŮğŦŮğóŦ澳
2.1% 4.6%
7 BOS LCOE 6%
Average Daily Energy Yield (kWh/kw)

6 5%

5
DeepBlue 4.0X Brings Lower BOS & LCOE 4%
Relative Gain (%)

4 Simulation based on 100MW project in Dubai

3%
3 ~ŢŅĭýóŮĵŅóÖŮğŅĽ澵%ųòÖğ \Ņùųĵý澵òğĒÖóğÖĵĻŅùųĵý滷滾
ÖşÖóğŮƒ澵滶滵滶\ª ĻŅùųĵýŦşýŢŦŮŢğĽē
2%
2 DĽƋýDžýŢ澵…<滸滶滷滺A© Öóı澵ǁƑýùŮğĵŮŢÖóığĽē

1 1%

5.00%
0 0%
Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
4.50% p-type n-type ZĞůĂƟǀĞ'ĂŝŶ

4.00% ;ğēųŢý滾澵ŅĻşÖŢğŦŅĽùÖŮÖòýŮƌýýĽĽ瀲ŮƒşýĻŅùųĵý
ÖĽùş瀲Ůƒşý~)ĻŅùųĵý
3.50%

;ŅŢýƑÖĻşĵý澴òƒýƑÖĻğĽğĽēŮěýóŅŦŮŅĒŮěý滶滵滵\ªşŢŅĭýóŮğĽ
3.00%
%ųòÖğ瀵ŮÖığĽēğĽŮŅóŅĽŦğùýŢÖŮğŅĽŮěýóŅŦŮŅĒŢÖóı澴ĒŅųĽùÖŮğŅĽ澴óÖòĵý澴ğĽ-
2.50%
ŦŮÖĵĵÖŮğŅĽ澴ÖĽùĵÖĽùÖŢýÖ瀲瀲%ýýşĵųý滹澳滵¯ĻŅùųĵýŦóÖĽŢýùųóýŮěýd…
óŅŦŮòƒ滷澳滶為ÖĽùVd)òƒ滹澳滻為澳ŮŮěýŦÖĻýŮğĻý澴ŮěýVd)óÖĽòýŢý-
2.00%
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10
 CUSTOMER VALUE

As the core indicator to measure the power generation

of photovoltaic projects, LCOE is closely related to the
core value focused on by the end customers. Among the
factors directly affecting LCOE, those related to modules
mainly include the power, efficiency, power generation
capacity and long-term application reliability of mod-
ules. Specifically, high power and high efficiency can ef-
fectively reduce the cost of BOS, and power generation
capacity and long-term application reliability is condu-
cive to the efficient and stable power generation of
products in the full life cycle. Paying attention to cus-
tomer value and focusing on improving customer value
all the time, JA Solar launched DeepBlue series products
that integrate high power, high efficiency, high power
generation capacity and high reliability, which truly ex-
plains the product design concept of “DeepBlue, tai-
lored to increase customer value”.