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Disturbances in Visual and Auditory Function Slide 43 67

This document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the eye and ear, along with common disorders and their management. For the eye, it discusses refractive errors like hyperopia and myopia, as well as presbyopia and glaucoma. Treatments include eye drops, oral medications, and surgeries. For the ear, it outlines the external, middle, and inner ear structures. Common ear disorders covered are conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, Meniere's disease, and presbycusis. Diagnostic tests and nursing management are also summarized.

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Nevea Cariño
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107 views3 pages

Disturbances in Visual and Auditory Function Slide 43 67

This document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the eye and ear, along with common disorders and their management. For the eye, it discusses refractive errors like hyperopia and myopia, as well as presbyopia and glaucoma. Treatments include eye drops, oral medications, and surgeries. For the ear, it outlines the external, middle, and inner ear structures. Common ear disorders covered are conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, Meniere's disease, and presbycusis. Diagnostic tests and nursing management are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Nevea Cariño
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Disturbances in Visual and Auditory • HYPEROPIA /

Function HYPERMETROPIA
– Management: BICONVEX
Management: LENS
– Topical Miotics • PRESBYOPIA
– pupil constrictor – Management: Biconvex lens
• pilocarpine (Pilocar) • ASTIGMATISM
– Topical Epinephrine – pupil dilator – Management: Astigmatic lens
• epinephrine
– Topical Beta-blockers – suppress secretion of AH
• betaxolol (Betoptic), metipranol (Optipranolol),
timolol (Timoptic)
• C/I in pts w/ bronchial asthma
–Oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors – reduces
production of AH Ears
• acetazolamide (Diamox),
• may cause malaise, anorexia & fatigue but do not Anatomy & Physiology
d/c drug. • External Structures:
–Osmotic diuretic / Hyperosmotic agents – Auricle / Pinna
• mannitol (Glycerol), Glycerine (Glyrol, Osmoglyn) – External Auditory Canal
– Tympanic membrane
• Surgical Management: (Eardrum)
– Laser Trabeculoplasty • Middle Ear
– Trabeculectomy – Ossicles
– Peripheral Iridectomy • Mallus (Hammer)
– Cyclotherapy / Cyclodestructive Procedure • Incus (Anvil)
• Stapes (Stirrups)

Nursing Management:
• Pre-op:
– Admin. prescribed meds.
– Routine pre-op procedure
• Post-op:
– Position accdg. to physician’s orders
– Admin. eyedrops/meds as ordered
– Orient pt. to environment
– Avoid activities that may raise IOP
– Observe for complications – Eustachian Tube
• Inner Ear
OTHER DISORDERS – Vestibule
 MYOPIA • Semicircular canals
– Management: BICONCAVE LENS • Utricle & Saccule
– Cochlea • PSYCHOGENIC HEARING LOSS
• Organ of Corti
– Fluids
• Perilymph
• Endolymph

MENIERE’S DISEASE (Endolymphatic Hydrops)


• Causes:
– Unknown
– May be related to the degeneration of cochlear
hair cells.
– Hypernatremia
– Endocrine disturbances
– Emotional disorders
– Allergic reactions

Diagnostic Studies:
• Otoscopic Examination
• Hearing Acuity Screening Test
– Voice
– Watch
• Weber test • Rinne test
Audiometry
– Pure tone
– Speech
• Romberg’s test Signs & Symptoms
• Electronystagmography
• Caloric test – 3 Cardinal signs:
TINNITUS, VERTIGO, HEARING LOSS
– nausea/vomiting, nystagmus, severe headache –
Warning sign of an attack:

• Diagnostic Test
– Caloric Test
– Electronystagmography
– Audiometry
• Management:
EAR DISORDERS – Furstenburg Diet
• CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS – Vasodilators, Antihistamines, Mild sedatives
– Hearing Aids – Diuretics
• SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS – During attack: assume comfortable position
– Cochlear Implant
• Surgery: – Labyrithectomy
• PRESBYCUSIS – No effective medical or surgical
TX.
Nursing Management:
 Assess the severity and frequency of
attack, any associated ear symptoms
(hear loss, tinnitus)
 Help patient prevent from aura, so
patient has time to prepare for an attack.
 Encourage patient to lie down during
attack in safe place.
 Put side rails in the bed id patient is in
bed
 Place pillow to restrict movement.

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