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ENG2014 - Variable Separable Rev

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CHESTER MICKO GERTES
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40 views10 pages

ENG2014 - Variable Separable Rev

Uploaded by

CHESTER MICKO GERTES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equations of Order One:

VARIABLE SEPARABLE

ENG2014
Differential Equations

UST Faculty of Engineering


ENG2014 / mvcv
Variable Separable

Given: 𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Transform into : 𝐴 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Solution: integrate both sides of the equation

න 𝐴 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝐵 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = න 0

General Solution (G.S.): 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝐶


Example 1
Obtain the General Solution of
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦.
Solution:

𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
1
[ 1 − 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0]
(1 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑦
+ 2 = 0
𝑥 −1 1 −𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑦
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬−1 + ‫ ׬‬1 −𝑦2 =‫׬‬0
1
ln 𝑥 − 1 − ln 1 − 𝑦 2 =𝐶
2
Example 1
1
ln 𝑥 − 1 − ln 1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝐶
2
𝑥−1
or ln 1 =𝑐
1−𝑦 2 ൗ2
𝑐 𝑥−1
𝑒 =
1−𝑦 2
𝑥 − 1 = 𝑐 1 − 𝑦2
Example 2
Obtain the General Solution of
sin 𝑥 ∙ sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 =0
Solution:
1
sin 𝑥 ∙ sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
sin 𝑦 cos 𝑥
න tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න cot 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = න 0
ln sec 𝑥 + ln sin 𝑦 = 𝑐
ln sec 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑒 𝑐 = sec 𝑥 sin 𝑦
sec 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = 𝑐
Example 3
Find the G.S. of the differential equation 𝑦 ln 𝑥 ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0.

Solution:
1
𝑦 ln 𝑥 ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥 + ln ln 𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑦 ln 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
‫ ׬‬ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ‫ 𝑦 ׬‬ln 𝑦 = ‫׬‬0 ln 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥 + ln ln 𝑦 = 𝑐
IBP: ‫ ׬‬ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
ln 𝑥 𝑥 ln 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑣=𝑥
𝑥

= 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − න 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥
Example 4
Obtain the particular solution satisfying the initial condition given:
′ 𝑦−𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0.

Solution: When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0:
𝑦−𝑥 2 1 −0
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥 −0
−𝑒 + 𝑒 = 𝑐
𝑦 −𝑥 2 2
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑒 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 0 1
−1 + = 𝑐
2
න𝑒 −𝑦 −𝑥 2 1
𝑑𝑦 − න 𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = න 0 𝑐=−
2
−𝑦 1 −𝑥 2 1
1 −𝑥 2 𝑃. 𝑆. −𝑒 + 𝑒 =− or
−𝑦 2 2
−𝑒 + 𝑒 =𝑐 2
2 2𝑒 −𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑥 = 1
Example 5
Obtain the General Solution of 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
Solution:

න 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 − න 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥


tan 𝑦 − 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 − =𝑐
3
න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦 − න sin 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐

tan 𝑦 − 𝑦 − න sin 𝑥 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐

tan 𝑦 − 𝑦 − න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐


Try these!
Obtain the General Solution of the
following differential equations.

1. 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑦

2. 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 1 𝑑𝑦
Answers:

1 𝑦 1
1. 𝑥
− 𝑦− 𝑦=𝑐
𝑒 𝑒
or −𝑒 −𝑦 1 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 −1 = 𝑐

𝑦2 𝑥 2 +1
2. 𝑦 − + ln =𝑐
2 𝑦+1 2

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