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Bernoulli Differential Equation

The document summarizes the Bernoulli differential equation and provides examples of solving Bernoulli differential equations. It introduces the Bernoulli differential equation, rewrites it by introducing a new variable v, and shows how to solve it as a linear differential equation. It then provides two examples, showing the step-by-step solutions for obtaining the general solution to the given Bernoulli differential equations. At the end, it provides two additional differential equations and asks the reader to obtain their solutions.

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CHESTER MICKO GERTES
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68 views9 pages

Bernoulli Differential Equation

The document summarizes the Bernoulli differential equation and provides examples of solving Bernoulli differential equations. It introduces the Bernoulli differential equation, rewrites it by introducing a new variable v, and shows how to solve it as a linear differential equation. It then provides two examples, showing the step-by-step solutions for obtaining the general solution to the given Bernoulli differential equations. At the end, it provides two additional differential equations and asks the reader to obtain their solutions.

Uploaded by

CHESTER MICKO GERTES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equations of Order One:

BERNOULLI DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

ENG 2014
Differential Equations

UST Faculty of Engineering


ENG2014 / bjs
Bernoulli Differential Equation
𝒅𝒚
+ 𝒑 𝒕 𝒚 = 𝒒 𝒕 𝒚𝒏
𝒅𝒕
The equation can be rewritten as
−𝑛
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 + 𝑝 𝑡 𝑦1−𝑛 = 𝑞 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
Introduce a new variable 𝑣 = 𝑦1−𝑛 , wherein 𝑣 ′ = 1 − 𝑛 𝑦 −𝑛 𝑦′
The equation will be
1
𝑣′ + 𝑝 𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑞 𝑡
1−𝑛
This can be solved as a linear differential equation
Example 1: Obtain the General Solution of 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 3

Solution:
𝑣 = 𝑦1−3 = 𝑦 −2
1 1 ′
𝑣 + 𝑣 = 𝑒 ⇒ − 𝑣 + 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥
′ 𝑥
1−3 2
𝑣 ′ − 2𝑣 = −2𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑝 𝑥 = −2, 𝑞 𝑥 = −2𝑒 𝑥
𝜇 𝑥 = 𝑒 ‫ ׬‬−2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥

𝑣 𝑒 −2𝑥 = න 𝑒 −2𝑥 −2𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −2 න 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥


Example 1: Obtain the General Solution of 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 3

Solution:

𝑣 𝑒 −2𝑥 = −2 න 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 𝑒 −2𝑥 = 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑣 = 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑦 −2
1 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥
= 2𝑒
𝑦2
1
Example 2: Obtain the Solution of 𝑥 2𝑦′ + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 =0
2

Solution:
1 1 1/2
𝑦′+ 2𝑦 = − 2 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑦1−1/2 = 𝑦1/2
1 ′
1 1 ′
1 1
𝑣 + 2 𝑣 = − 2 ⇒ 2𝑣 + 2 𝑣 = − 2
1 − (1/2) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 1
𝑣′ + 2𝑣 = − 2
2𝑥 2𝑥
1
‫ ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥
𝜇 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑒 −1/2𝑥
1
Example 2: Obtain the Solution of 𝑥 2𝑦′ + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 =0
2

Solution:
−
1 1 1 1 −1
𝑣𝑒 −1/2𝑥 = න 𝑒 2𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = − න 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2 𝑥

1 1
𝑢 = − , 𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2𝑥
1 1
−2𝑥 −2𝑥
𝑣𝑒 = − න 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶 = −𝑒 +𝐶

1
𝑣 = −1 + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑣 = 𝑦1/2
1
Example 2: Obtain the Solution of 𝑥 2𝑦′ + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 =0
2

Solution:
1
𝑦1/2 = −1 + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥
1 2
𝑦= 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥 −1
1 2
1 1
2 2 1
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = 0 ⇒ 0 = 𝐶𝑒 −1 ⇒𝐶=
2 𝑒
2
1 1
𝑦= 𝑒 2𝑥 − 1
𝑒
1 2
−1
𝑦= 𝑒 2𝑥 −1
Try these!
Obtain the solution of the following differential equations.
1. 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 3 cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 cot(𝑥) = 0
1
2. 𝑦′ +𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 2 , 𝑦 0 =
4
Answers
1
1. 𝑦 =
𝐶 sin2 𝑥−2 sin 𝑥
1
2. 𝑦 = 3𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥+1

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