He 2011

Available online at www.sciencedirect.
com
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 3815–3838

www.elsevier.com/locate/gca
Post-collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen: New

evidence for partial melting of a thickened continental crust
Yongsheng He a,b,⇑, Shuguang Li a,⇑, Jochen Hoefs b, Fang Huang a,c,
Sheng-Ao Liu a, Zhenhui Hou a
a
CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
b
Department of Geosciences, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
c
Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Received 25 June 2010; accepted in revised form 11 April 2011; available online 20 April 2011
Abstract
The geological implications of granitoid magmas with high Sr/Y and La/Yb are debated because these signatures can be
produced by multiple processes. This study presents comprehensive major and trace element compositions and zircon
SHRIMP U–Pb age data of 81 early Cretaceous granitoids and 4 mafic enclaves from the Dabie orogen to investigate partial
melting of the thickened lower continental crust (LCC). On the basis of Sr/Y ratios, granitoids can be grouped into two mag-
ma series: (i) high Sr/Y granitoids (HSG) and (ii) normal granitoids with low Sr/Y. Relative to normal granitoids, HSG dis-
play the following distinct chemical features: (1) at given SiO2 and CaO contents, the HSG have significantly higher Sr than
normal granitoids, defining two different trends in Sr versus SiO2, CaO diagrams; (2) highly depleted heavy rare earth element
(REE) relative to middle and light REE with (Dy/Yb)N and (La/Yb)N up to 3.2 and 151, respectively; (3) variable and higher
Nb/Ta; and (4) positive correlations among Sr/Y, (Dy/Yb)N, (La/Yb)N, and Nb/Ta.
High Sr/Y, (La/Yb)N, (Dy/Yb)N, and Sr/CaO of HSG do not correlate with major elements (e.g., SiO2). Large variations
in these ratios at a given SiO2 content indicate that these features do not reflect magma mixing or fractionation. HSG have
higher Sr at a given CaO content and larger variation of (Dy/Yb)N than old crustal rocks (including exposed basement, global
mafic LCC xenoliths, high Sr/Y TTG suites, and adakites in modern arcs). This precludes inheritance of the HSG chemical
features from these source rocks. Instead, the chemical features of the HSG are best explained by partial melting of the thick-
ened LCC with garnet-dominant, plagioclase-poor, and rutile-present residual lithologies. The coupled chemical features of
the HSG are not observed in post-collisional granitoids younger than ca.130 Ma, indicating removal of the eclogitic source
and/or residuum of HSG underneath the orogen. These characteristic chemical relationships in the Dabie HSG may be
applied to distinguish partial melts of thickened LCC from high Sr/Y intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks which do not show
clear indications for melting depth.
Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. INTRODUCTION
Granitoid magmas have been widely used as a natural

⇑ Corresponding authors at: CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-
probe to trace the processes of crustal evolution (e.g., Mar-
tin et al., 2005; Mo et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2007a). Exper-
Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space
Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, imental studies indicate that partial melts from various
230026 Anhui, China. Tel.: +86 551 3607647. depths of the continental crust will have distinct geochemi-
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Y. He), lsg@ustc. cal features because the major residual phases change with
edu.cn (S. Li). pressure (e.g., Rapp and Watson, 1995). For example, when
0016-7037/$ - see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.011
3816 Y. He et al. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 3815–3838
a vapor-absent basalt is partially melted, garnet becomes multiple processes, and thus the geological meaning of the
stable at depths greater than ca. 40 km (1.2 GPa) and pla- compositional transition is ambiguous. More geochemical
gioclase becomes unstable at depths greater than ca. studies are needed to identify high Sr/Y granitoids in the
50 km (1.5 GPa) (e.g., Sen and Dunn, 1994; Rapp, 1995; Dabie orogen and to constrain the depth of partial melting
Rapp and Watson, 1995). Because the heavy rare earth ele- in the thickened lower continental crust.
ments (HREE) and Sr are highly compatible in garnet and Here, we report major and trace element data for 81
plagioclase, respectively, partial melting of mafic rocks with granitoids and 4 melanocratic enclaves from the Dabie oro-
garnet dominant and plagioclase poor (or absent) residual gen together with zircon U–Pb age data. The objectives of
phases can produce granitic (sensu lato) melt with high Sr this contribution are (1) to provide a systematic geochemi-
contents, low Y and Yb contents, and high Sr/Y and La/ cal study of the post-collisional granitoids in the Dabie oro-
Yb ratios (e.g., Defant and Drummond, 1990; Atherton gen, (2) to present criteria for the identification of partial
and Petford, 1993; Rapp, 1995; Rapp and Watson, 1995). melts of thickened crust by comparing high Sr/Y granitoids
These chemically distinct magmas (e.g., Sr/Y > 40 and with other granitoids, and (3) to understand the petroge-
Y < 18 ppm) were first termed as adakites which were orig- netic relationships between high Sr/Y and normal grani-
inally interpreted to represent melts of descending slabs toids, and thereby constraining the mountain root
(Defant and Drummond, 1990). Later adakite-like melts removal process of the Dabie orogen.
also have been widely reported in continental settings, gen-
erally being interpreted as partial melts of the thickened or 2. GEOLOGICAL SETTING
delaminated eclogitic lower continental crust (LCC) (e.g.,
Atherton and Petford, 1993; Zhang et al., 2001; Xu et al., The geologic background of the Dabie orogen has been
2002, 2007; Chung et al., 2003; Gao et al., 2004; Wang extensively discussed in the literature (e.g., Li et al., 1993,
et al., 2004a,b, 2005, 2006, 2007a,b; Liu et al., 2010a). Ar- 2000, 2001; Hacker et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2007b). Briefly,
chean TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) suites the Dabie orogen is a Triassic collisional zone between
generally also have high Sr/Y ratios (e.g., Martin, 1999; the South China Block (SCB) and the North China Block
Condie, 2005; Martin et al., 2005). Granitoid magmas of (NCB) (Fig. 1). The orogen can be divided into four units
this type may thus be crucial indicators for (i) the presence from north to south: the North Huaiyang zone (NHZ),
of a thickened continental crust (e.g., Atherton and Petford, the North Dabie zone (NDB), the South Dabie zone
1993; Wang et al., 2007a), (ii) a change of crustal thickness (SDB), and the Susong high pressure metamorphic zone
(e.g., Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007), (iii) the recycling (HPZ) (Li et al., 2001). Exposed coesite and diamond bear-
of eclogitic crust (e.g., Defant and Drummond, 1990; Kay ing ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks indi-
and Kay, 1993; Martin et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2008), cate that the continental crust of SCB was subducted to
and (iv) the origin of early continental crust (e.g., Martin, depths greater than 100 km in the early Triassic (e.g., Okay
1999; Condie, 2005; Martin et al., 2005). et al., 1989; Wang et al., 1989; Xu et al., 1992; Ye et al.,
However, the geological implications of granitoid mag- 2000). Although a very thick continental crust was pro-
mas with high Sr/Y and La/Yb are highly debated because duced by the continent–continent collision, seismologic
these signatures can be produced by multiple processes. investigations show that the current Dabie orogen has a
Several recent studies suggest that high Sr/Y and La/Yb ra- normal crust thickness averaging 35 km without a litho-
tios can be produced by processes other than partial melt- spheric keel (Gao et al., 1998; Yuan et al., 2003). This indi-
ing of mafic crust at depths >50 km, e.g., assimilation and cates that the mountain root, consisting of the lithospheric
fractional crystallization (e.g., Macpherson et al., 2006; keel and thickened mafic lower crust, may have been foun-
Richards and Kerrich, 2007; Li et al., 2009), magma mixing dered and consequently recycled into the underlying upper-
(e.g., Chen et al., 2004; Guo et al., 2007), melting of gran- most mantle.
ulites (e.g., Jiang et al., 2007), and melting of high Sr/Y Early Cretaceous post-collisional igneous rocks are
and La/Yb sources at low pressure (e.g., Kamei et al., widely distributed in the Dabie orogen (Fig. 1) (e.g., Li
2009; Moyen, 2009; Zhang et al., 2009). Therefore, a better et al., 1998a,b; Ma et al., 1998, 2003; Jahn et al., 1999; Chen
understanding of the chemical differences between partial et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2002; Fan et al., 2004; Xie et al.,
melts from mafic crust at depths >50 km and those from 2004, 2006; Zhao et al., 2005, 2007a,c; Huang et al., 2007,
other crustal processes is necessary. 2008; Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007). They mainly con-
The Dabie orogen in central China is a part of the Tri- sist of intermediate to felsic granitoid plutons, with a few
assic collisional zone between the South China and the mafic intrusions. Granitoids have intrusive ages spanning
North China Block (Li et al., 1993, 2000). The post-colli- from 143 to 117 Ma (Wang et al., 2007a and reference there-
sional granitoids in the orogen are characterized by the in). The early granitoid plutons (143–130 Ma) generally dis-
occurrence of high Sr/Y granitoids (HSG) at >130 Ma play high Sr/Y and La/Yb features (Ma et al., 2003; Wang
and mafic rocks and normal (generally low Sr/Y) granitoids et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007), whereas the later granitoid
at <130 Ma (Ma et al., 2003; Zhao et al., 2005; Wang et al., plutons younger than 130 Ma do not have high Sr/Y and
2007a; Xu et al., 2007). This compositional transition has La/Yb ratios (Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007). Mafic
been interpreted by partial melting of thick versus thin crust to ultramafic intrusions were emplaced from 130 to
during the mountain root removal process in the orogen 123 Ma (Hacker et al., 1998; Li et al., 1999; Wang and Deng,
(Ma et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007). 2002; Zhao et al., 2005). The older granitoids are weakly de-
However, as discussed above, HSG may be produced by formed with banded textures and are intruded by mafic or
Partial melting of a thickened lower continental crust 3817
Fig. 1. Generalized geological map of the Dabie orogen. NHZ, NDB, SDB, and HPZ represent the North Huaiyang Zone, the North Dabie
Zone, the South Dabie Zone, and the Susong High Pressure Metamorphic Zone, respectively. XMF, SMF, WSF, TMF, XGF and TLF are
abbreviations of the Xiaotian–Mozitan Fault, the Shangcheng–Macheng Fault, the Wuhe–Shuihou Fault, the Taihu–Mamiao Fault, the
Xiangfan–Guangji Fault and the Tancheng–Lujiang Fault, respectively. Age data for plutons are from Ma et al. (2003), Zhao et al. (2005,
2007a,c), Xie et al. (2006), Wang et al. (2007a), Xu et al. (2007), Huang et al. (2008), and this study. Zircon U–Pb ages are characterized by Z,
and amphibole Ar–Ar ages by A.
granitic dikes, whereas the younger granitoids exhibit exten- contemporaneous magmatism. Field outcrops and thin sec-
sively igneous textures without deformation (e.g., Ma et al., tions indicate that melanocratic enclaves consist of plagio-
2003; Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007). One high-Mg clase, hornblende, biotite, ± pyroxene, ± K-feldspar, ±
adakitic pluton (131 Ma) has been reported in the SDZ close quartz, and accessory titanite, apatite, zircon with minor
to the Tan-Lu fault, suggesting local delamination of the amounts of opaque minerals.
eclogitic lower crust (Huang et al., 2008). Because granitoids from the NDZ have been extensively
Notably, dark (mafic to intermediate) enclaves have studied (see Zhao and Zheng (2009) for a recent review),
been found both in some HSG and normal granitoids this study sampled 81 granitoids and 4 melanocratic en-
(Table A1; Chen et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2010). The enclaves with most of them from NHZ, SDB, and HPZ. Sam-
claves show lobate to spherical contacts with the enclosing ple locations are shown in Fig. 1. Detailed petrographic
granitoids, indicating that these rock units coexisted during descriptions are given in the Appendix A.
3. ANALYTICAL METHODS processing for each spot, and ages were calculated using the
constants recommended by Steiger and Jäger (1977).
Fresh samples were crushed in steel jaw crushers and Weighted zircon U–Pb ages were calculated using the ISO-
then powdered in an agate mill to grain sizes <200 mesh PLOT program (Ludwig, 2001).
at the Department of Geosciences, University of Göttingen.
Major and trace elements were analyzed in Göttingen using 4. RESULTS
a PANalytical AXIOS advanced sequential X-ray spec-
trometer. The long term analytical precision is better than 4.1. Major and trace elements
1–2% for major elements and in the range of 2–5% at the
level of 20–30 ppm for trace elements. Duplicate measure- Major and trace elements for 85 samples are listed in Ta-
ments of two in-house standards (basalt BB and granodio- ble 1 and Appendix C, Table C1. Based on Sr/Y and Y con-
rite GD, 14 and 35 times, respectively) and one tents, the Dabie granitoid plutons are generally divided into
international standard (JR-1, 4 times) display the long term two groups: (i) high Sr/Y granitoids (HSG, with Sr/Y > 40
precision (Appendix C, Table C1). Loss of ignition (LOI) and Y < 18 ppm) and (ii) ‘normal granitoids’ (Fig. 2). With
was determined by gravimetric methods. In order to get a few exceptions, normal granitoids have low Sr contents,
accurate data for elements with low contents (e.g., HREE) Sr/Y, and high Y relative to the HSG (Fig. 2). Some sam-
and avoid sample dissolution problems, some trace ele- ples (for example, Zhubuyuan) (Chen et al., 2002; Zhang
ments (Appendix B) were also analyzed by LA-ICPMS on et al., 2002; Zhao et al., 2004), do not follow this classifica-
lithium borate glasses using a GeolasPro ArF (193 nm) tion. In these cases, the pluton is classified according to the
excimer laser sampling system coupled with a Perkin Elmer majority of the samples.
Elan DRCII at the University of Science and Technology of All Dabie HSG reported in this study have low MgO, Cr
China, Hefei. USGS reference standards, GSP-2, BHVO2, and Ni contents with Mg# <50 (Appendix C, Table C1),
and W-2a, were repeatedly measured 10, 5, and 4 times, comparable to (i) experimental melts from pristine basaltic
respectively. Sample 07LS-1, a typical HSG with almost sources (Rapp et al., 1991, 1999; Sen and Dunn, 1994;
lowest Y and HREE, was measured 5 times. Duplicate Rapp, 1995; Rapp and Watson, 1995), to (ii) partial melts
analyses suggest that for most elements, precision are better of thickened continental crust (Atherton and Petford,
than 5% and accuracies better than 10%. The reported val- 1993), and (iii) to the majority of Archean high Sr/Y
ues are normalized by W-2a against the recommended value TTG suites (Condie, 2005; Smithies, 2000). By contrast,
(GeoRem, http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/). For com- adakites in modern arcs and those derived from delaminat-
parison, some Liangshan and Zhangbang samples (Appen- ed lower continental crust generally have Mg# >50 (e.g.,
dix B, Table B3) were also analyzed at the Guangzhou Defant and Drummond, 1990; Huang et al., 2008). High-
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mg HSG from Dabie described in the literature are not in-
by solution ICPMS method using Parr bombs as described cluded here because they seem to have experienced melt/
by (Liu et al., 2007a). Analytical precision for most ele- mantle interaction (Huang et al., 2008).
ments is better than 3%. Comparison of the data by the HSG and normal granitoids are similar in most major
two methods and the recommended values for standards element Harker diagrams (e.g., Fig. 3A). However, the
indicates that Nb/Ta and the high (Dy/Yb)N are reliable HSG have major elemental compositions with a much
for the LA-ICPMS data (Appendix B). LA-ICPMS data smaller range than normal granitoids. In a diagram of total
will be preferentially used in the following discussion be- alkali versus SiO2, normal granitoids are mainly in the
cause of its advantage of measuring HREE and HFSE. monzonite, quartz monzonite, and granitoid fields with a
For the determination of U–Pb ages, zircon crystals large variation in SiO2 from 54.3 to 78.7 wt% (Fig. 3A).
were separated using conventional heavy liquid and mag- They are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK
netic separation techniques followed by handpicking under from 0.70 to 1.13) (Fig. 3B), which is typical for I-type
binocular microscope. About 200 zircon grains of four sam- granitoids (Chappell and White, 1992). By contrast, most
ples from the North Huaiyang zone and some grains of the HSG have SiO2 from 64.0 to 75.0 wt% and A/CNK from
zircon U–Pb standard TEMORA 1 (417 Ma, Black et al., 0.90 to 1.10. The HSG have slightly higher Na2O and
2003) were mounted together, and polished until all zircon Na2O/K2O than normal granitoids at a given SiO2
grains were well exposed. Internal zoning patterns of the (Fig. 3C and D). This feature is also found in adakites,
crystals were observed using CL images at the Institute of being relatively enriched in Na2O compared to relevant
Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sci- arc andesites to rhyolites (Defant and Drummond, 1990).
ences (GAGS). Zircon U–Pb ages were determined using In REE diagrams (Fig. 4A), normal granitoids generally
a SHRIMP II at the Beijing SHRIMP center, GAGS, fol- have LREE-enriched patterns with no obvious negative Eu
lowing the method described by Compston et al. (1992), anomalies. A few normal granitoids with high SiO2 (e.g.,
Williams (1998) and Liu et al. (2006). The TEMORA 1 06ZY-3, a late dike; 06HSW-2) show strong negative Eu
standard data was used to calibrate 206Pb/238U ages. Abso- anomalies and/or down-concave REE patterns. Except
lute U, Th and Pb concentrations were estimated with a sample 07LD-4 and samples from Fuziling (Wang et al.,
separately mounted fragment of RSES reference zircon 2007a), the HSG also have LREE-enriched REE patterns
SL13 (572 Ma, U 238 ppm) (Williams, 1998). Common and show no obvious Eu anomalies (Fig. 4C). The HSG
Pb was corrected using the measured 204Pb. The PRAWN generally have low HREE contents relative to normal
data reduction software (Williams, 1998) was used for data granitoids (Fig. 4C). Furthermore, the HSG generally have
Table 1
Major and trace element concentrations of representative samples. (1) HSG, NG, and Enc represent high Sr/Y granitoids, normal (low Sr/Y) granitoids, and enclaves. (2) Major elements are
measured by XRF and are from Table C1 in Appendix C. Major elements of samples (n = 7) marked by * have been published previously in Liu et al. (2010b). Trace elements are measured by LA-
ICPMS on XRF glasses. (3) Four samples marked by ** yield internal precisions lower than the rest, but are <15% for most elements (For details see the Appendix B, Fig.B2).
Intrusion Liangshan Liangshan Liangshan Liangshan Liangshan Shangcheng Shangcheng Shangcheng Shangcheng Shangcheng
Sample 07LS-1 07LS-2 06LS-2 07LS-3** 07LS-5 06FJ-1 06FJ-2 06FJ-3** 07FJ-1** 07FJ-2*
Classify HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG
SiO2 69.26 69.06 70.61 69.07 67.78 71.95 69.41 69.32 68.16 68.50
TiO2 0.295 0.273 0.267 0.301 0.290 0.278 0.377 0.407 0.507 0.451
Al2O3 15.55 15.50 15.34 15.47 15.03 14.20 15.33 15.18 15.70 15.27
Fe2O3t 1.57 1.61 1.41 1.52 1.68 1.64 2.11 2.27 2.66 2.53
MnO 0.024 0.025 0.017 0.019 0.029 0.030 0.030 0.034 0.042 0.041
MgO 0.41 0.46 0.42 0.29 0.59 0.69 0.65 0.67 0.82 0.80
CaO 1.15 1.39 0.85 1.33 2.23 1.67 1.84 1.97 2.05 2.07
Na2O 4.74 4.97 4.75 4.69 4.24 4.26 4.53 4.64 4.71 4.68
K2O 4.11 4.09 4.16 4.15 3.80 3.80 4.31 3.89 4.27 4.07
Partial melting of a thickened lower continental crust

P2O5 0.098 0.095 0.086 0.103 0.100 0.088 0.136 0.143 0.164 0.176
LOI 1.78 1.81 1.90 3.75 0.39
Sum 98.99 99.28 97.91 98.84 99.52 98.61 99.11 98.52 99.08 98.59
Mg# 34 36 37 28 41 46 38 37 38 39
Rb 82 80 82 84 79 91 108 94 91 102
Sr 761 841 951 1037 657 832 897 864 1016 1047
Y 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.3 6.9 7.4 9.7 8.5
Zr 167 175 170 179 170 131 181 186 211 203
Nb 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 7.4 7.5 9.6 8.8
Cs 2.7 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.4 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.83 1.5
Ba 2292 2198 2336 2538 2103 1851 2172 1785 2624 2055
La 41 42 46 45 42 26 45 49 57 53
Ce 75 78 73 85 79 49 84 89 106 97
Pr 8.2 8.5 9.0 9.4 8.5 5.3 9.0 9.6 12 10
Nd 29 30 32 34 30 18 32 34 42 37
Sm 4.5 4.5 4.7 5.4 4.6 2.8 4.8 5.3 6.1 5.7
Eu 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.81 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4
Gd 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.7 1.8 3.0 3.1 3.8 3.4
Tb 0.24 0.25 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.19 0.35 0.35 0.44 0.39
Dy 0.88 0.91 0.96 1.04 0.94 0.84 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.7
Ho 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.24 0.26 0.32 0.28
Er 0.27 0.26 0.32 0.33 0.29 0.34 0.59 0.63 0.80 0.70
Tm 0.034 0.037 0.042 0.040 0.035 0.051 0.079 0.085 0.11 0.098
Yb 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.49 0.51 0.60 0.59
Lu 0.028 0.031 0.034 0.032 0.029 0.051 0.074 0.076 0.094 0.087
Hf 4.6 4.8 4.5 5.5 4.8 3.2 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.1
Ta 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.45 0.50 0.57 0.53
Pb 27 17 24 28 35 20 22 21 21 21
Th 8.8 9.1 8.8 10 9.1 5.7 9.6 12 12 10
U 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.4
(La/Yb)N 147 151 150 129 151 62 66 69 68 64
(Dy/Yb)N 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9
(Gd/Yb)N 10 11 10 9.6 11 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.8
Sr/Y 200 227 231 247 168 193 130 117 105 123
3819
(continued on next page)
3820
Table 1 (continued)
Intrusion Shangcheng Shangcheng Shangcheng Shangcheng Shangcheng Shangcheng Datong Datong Fenliupu Fenliupu
Sample 07FJ-4 07FJ-5 07FJ-6* 07FJ-7 07FJ-8 07FJ-9 07DT-2 07DT-3* 07FLP-1 07FLP-2
Classify HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG HSG
SiO2 68.35 68.45 67.91 69.28 69.60 69.48 64.77 66.22 69.49 69.80
TiO2 0.451 0.443 0.478 0.363 0.426 0.412 0.729 0.704 0.309 0.334
Al2O3 14.63 14.92 14.92 15.24 15.08 15.25 16.28 15.16 15.51 15.17
Fe2O3t 3.15 3.17 3.38 2.48 2.33 2.28 3.60 3.80 2.03 2.14
MnO 0.074 0.068 0.071 0.054 0.036 0.035 0.054 0.060 0.046 0.049
MgO 1.34 1.32 1.44 1.02 0.69 0.67 1.35 1.37 0.61 0.63
CaO 2.67 2.88 3.03 2.58 1.95 1.95 2.64 2.32 2.01 1.97
Na2O 3.88 4.00 4.08 4.08 4.56 4.74 4.48 4.15 4.67 4.55
Y. He et al. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 3815–3838

K2O 3.89 3.64 3.50 4.10 3.99 4.00 4.38 4.29 3.90 3.89
P2O5 0.166 0.169 0.184 0.135 0.155 0.148 0.314 0.300 0.144 0.157
LOI
Sum 98.60 99.06 98.99 99.33 98.82 98.97 98.60 98.37 98.72 98.69
Mg# 46 45 46 45 37 37 43 42 38 37
Rb 110 96 99 118 98 96 88 93 101 103
Sr 645 669 685 679 855 859 1353 1138 953 909
Y 11 12 13 8.9 7.9 7.4 13 15 7.7 8.5
Zr 152 151 166 123 194 189 274 274 156 164
Nb 9.7 9.0 11 7.7 8.1 7.7 16 19 11 12
Cs 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.9
Ba 1230 1186 1173 1609 1854 1909 3825 3597 1934 1896
La 43 36 41 29 52 47 70 68 28 31
Ce 73 66 75 52 94 88 137 133 52 56
Pr 7.4 7.2 8.1 5.5 10 9.3 15 15 5.5 6.0
Nd 26 25 29 19 36 33 53 53 20 21
Sm 4.0 4.2 4.8 3.1 5.4 4.9 8.3 8.3 3.2 3.5
Eu 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.85 1.3 1.2 2.2 2.1 0.91 0.91
Gd 2.9 3.0 3.4 2.2 3.3 3.0 4.9 5.2 2.2 2.3
Tb 0.39 0.38 0.44 0.29 0.38 0.35 0.57 0.60 0.28 0.30
Dy 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.7 3.1 1.4 1.5
Ho 0.37 0.39 0.42 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.44 0.50 0.25 0.27
Er 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.81 0.64 0.56 1.2 1.4 0.67 0.71
Tm 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.13 0.086 0.080 0.16 0.20 0.097 0.11
Yb 1.0 0.97 1.1 0.81 0.53 0.49 0.93 1.2 0.63 0.65
Lu 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.13 0.081 0.071 0.13 0.17 0.092 0.10
Hf 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.5 5.0 4.8 6.2 6.3 4.4 4.6
Ta 0.66 0.62 0.71 0.53 0.52 0.47 0.81 1.3 0.86 0.95
Pb 28 22 24 25 22 21 25 26 30 31
Th 15 11 13 12 11 11 8.4 8.1 5.8 6.2
U 3.9 2.8 4.1 2.3 1.6 1.7 0.95 1.1 2.2 2.1
(La/Yb)N 31 27 27 26 70 69 54 41 32 34
(Dy/Yb)N 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5
(Gd/Yb)N 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.2 5.2 5.1 4.4 3.6 2.9 2.9
Sr/Y 58 56 53 76 108 116 104 76 124 107
SiO2 69.40 69.08 68.86 67.59 72.39 67.69 67.78 65.63 65.88 64.56
TiO2 0.421 0.309 0.371 0.399 0.123 0.536 0.524 0.570 0.551 0.572
Al2O3 15.11 15.66 15.79 15.63 15.48 16.11 15.95 16.57 16.34 16.82
Fe2O3t 2.37 2.03 2.28 2.62 0.80 2.24 2.30 2.93 2.71 3.10
MnO 0.054 0.048 0.046 0.056 0.024 0.029 0.029 0.034 0.034 0.041
MgO 0.81 0.60 1.08 1.30 0.19 0.90 0.93 1.21 1.09 1.27
CaO 1.94 1.90 2.37 2.46 1.40 2.11 2.15 2.42 2.29 2.66
Na2O 4.70 4.82 4.71 4.68 5.33 5.03 5.04 5.29 5.04 5.23
K2O 3.71 3.84 3.82 3.69 3.41 3.91 3.70 3.58 3.98 3.96
P2O5 0.156 0.142 0.174 0.209 0.032 0.159 0.155 0.252 0.242 0.269
LOI
Sum 98.67 98.43 99.50 98.63 99.18 98.71 98.56 98.49 98.16 98.48
Mg# 41 37 49 50 32 45 45 45 45 45
Rb 73 92 71 82 74 73 67 72 80 89
Sr 915 884 1487 1421 1202 1585 1595 1730 1613 1598

Y 6.2 7.2 10.0 11 3.6 7.0 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.1
Zr 229 168 173 174 63.5 218 227 254 241 246
Nb 4.6 9.9 10 13 5.0 8.6 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.4
Cs 0.94 1.7 1.3 2.0 1.0 0.72 0.79 0.81 0.80 0.85
Ba 2012 1659 2416 2231 1446 3915 3698 3602 3910 3501
La 50 30 35 35 4.2 65 69 71 68 68
Ce 86 54 65 64 8.5 119 125 129 123 123
Pr 8.7 5.7 7.2 7.1 0.98 13 14 14 13 13
Nd 30 21 26 27 3.6 46 49 49 48 47
Sm 4.3 3.1 4.3 4.4 0.73 6.8 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.9
Eu 1.1 0.84 1.2 1.2 0.30 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9
Gd 2.7 2.0 2.8 3.0 0.88 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8
Tb 0.31 0.26 0.36 0.38 0.13 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.40
Dy 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.9 0.74 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6
Ho 0.22 0.23 0.33 0.36 0.13 0.23 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.24
Er 0.53 0.62 0.86 0.97 0.32 0.53 0.57 0.54 0.56 0.55
Tm 0.073 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.048 0.067 0.075 0.072 0.071 0.073
Yb 0.43 0.63 0.82 0.88 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.40
Lu 0.070 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.037 0.055 0.054 0.057 0.058 0.060
Hf 5.6 4.5 4.9 5.2 2.3 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8
Ta 0.31 0.66 0.72 0.89 0.56 0.51 0.54 0.48 0.51 0.48
Pb 17 32 32 33 41 26 24 23 26 28
Th 17 6.4 8.1 7.8 1.4 7.7 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.8
U 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.88
(La/Yb)N 83 34 31 29 9.1 130 121 124 119 122
(Dy/Yb)N 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.7
(Gd/Yb)N 5.2 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.2 9.0 8.3 8.1 8.1 7.9
Sr/Y 147 123 149 129 334 226 210 234 221 225
(continued on next page)
3821
3822
Table 1 (continued)
Intrusion Sujiashan Xima Xima Huaishuwan Yuchan Yuchan Zhaoyuan Meishan Tonggang Tonggang Zhaoyuan
Sample 07SJS-2 07XM-1 07XM-3 07XT-1 07YC-1 07YC-3 06NW-5 06SF-1 06TG-1 06TG-2 06ZY-2
Classify NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
SiO2 74.04 67.37 68.38 73.63 71.76 69.28 66.44 62.29 61.09 60.09 66.17
TiO2 0.202 0.611 0.398 0.242 0.360 0.306 0.515 0.700 0.679 0.896 0.533
Al2O3 13.75 15.14 15.48 12.91 13.96 15.19 15.61 16.12 18.41 17.09 15.30
Fe2O3t 1.47 3.57 2.61 1.43 2.19 1.88 3.51 5.03 4.01 6.07 3.98
MnO 0.041 0.056 0.050 0.030 0.032 0.033 0.039 0.099 0.063 0.081 0.074
MgO 0.38 1.13 0.72 0.47 0.57 0.46 1.49 2.23 1.51 1.98 1.63
CaO 1.59 2.52 2.11 1.15 1.58 1.56 2.73 4.15 4.49 4.51 3.07
Na2O 3.78 3.84 4.09 3.18 3.48 3.67 4.30 3.80 4.95 4.44 3.77
Y. He et al. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 3815–3838

K2O 4.05 4.52 4.40 4.74 4.78 5.71 2.98 3.47 2.91 3.06 4.31
P2O5 0.061 0.223 0.136 0.059 0.106 0.094 0.189 0.217 0.256 0.368 0.192
LOI
Sum 99.36 98.98 98.37 97.84 98.82 98.18 97.80 98.11 98.37 98.59 99.03
Mg# 34 39 36 40 34 33 46 47 43 39 45
Rb 118 122 130 166 96 112 73.8 105 60 68 131
Sr 254 557 663 162 413 473 709 574 1026 907 581
Y 15 26 16 11 18 19 15 18 17 27 16
Zr 133 348 274 110 227 195 195 173 196 283 214
Nb 14 31 17 14 15 20 11 11 11 16 12
Cs 1.0 0.55 1.3 3.6 0.55 0.51 1.6 3.2 1.4 1.9 2.9
Ba 1048 2259 2188 932 1731 2439 1656 1724 2247 2128 1595
La 31 112 87 43 83 82 51 49 46 64 51
Ce 56 208 156 71 142 149 94 87 89 132 92
Pr 5.7 21 15 6.8 14 15 9.9 9.2 10 15 9.4
Nd 19 67 48 21 47 48 35 32 40 58 32
Sm 2.9 9.6 6.7 2.8 7.0 6.9 5.6 5.4 6.6 9.7 4.8
Eu 0.67 1.7 1.3 0.59 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.5 1.2
Gd 2.5 6.3 4.5 2.2 4.9 4.7 3.9 4.0 5.0 6.9 3.6
Tb 0.39 0.84 0.56 0.32 0.68 0.61 0.51 0.56 0.65 0.97 0.47
Dy 2.4 4.5 3.0 1.7 3.5 3.4 2.6 3.1 3.3 4.9 2.6
Ho 0.49 0.85 0.54 0.35 0.63 0.62 0.50 0.60 0.59 0.90 0.51
Er 1.5 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.5 2.4 1.5
Tm 0.23 0.37 0.22 0.18 0.24 0.26 0.22 0.27 0.23 0.35 0.25
Yb 1.5 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 2.3 1.7
Lu 0.20 0.32 0.20 0.22 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.27 0.20 0.32 0.27
Hf 3.7 7.6 6.1 3.7 5.4 4.1 4.7 4.2 4.5 6.4 5.3
Ta 0.81 2.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.7 0.75 0.74 0.79 1.3 0.94
Pb 28 17 23 31 25 30 21 25 17 15 20
Th 14 19 21 25 14 16 12 13 4.9 7.5 19
U 1.2 1.7 2.3 4.6 1.1 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.1 1.6 3.7
(La/Yb)N 15 35 52 26 46 42 26 21 24 20 22
(Dy/Yb)N 1.1 1.3 1.7 0.94 1.80 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.0
(Gd/Yb)N 1.4 2.3 3.1 1.5 3.1 2.8 2.3 1.9 3.0 2.5 1.8
Sr/Y 17 21 41 15 23 25 47 32 60 34 36
SiO2 76.60 56.14 56.06 57.27 70.44 61.44 77.49 48.81 56.49 47.90
TiO2 0.109 0.801 0.866 0.955 0.402 0.754 0.074 1.382 1.184 2.092
Al2O3 12.31 15.99 14.37 15.72 14.54 15.52 12.00 16.34 18.00 17.12
Fe2O3t 0.78 7.93 8.28 7.65 2.69 5.81 0.71 9.40 7.52 11.59
MnO 0.023 0.131 0.135 0.123 0.052 0.097 0.027 0.136 0.143 0.125
MgO 0.04 4.55 5.70 3.80 1.07 2.81 0.04 6.42 3.07 4.06
CaO 0.58 7.25 6.80 6.00 2.32 4.78 0.18 7.59 5.26 6.61
Na2O 3.65 3.32 3.02 3.32 3.88 3.18 4.00 4.06 5.60 4.41
K2O 4.78 2.71 2.71 3.39 4.30 3.54 4.45 2.53 1.83 2.88
P2O5 0.011 0.269 0.276 0.325 0.143 0.194 0.011 0.679 0.591 0.950
LOI 1.27
Sum 98.88 99.09 98.22 98.55 99.84 98.13 98.98 98.62 99.69 97.74
Mg# 9 53 58 50 44 49 10 58 45 41
Rb 181 92 105 117 161 103 330 89 162 109
Sr 22 793 581 697 425 611 3.30 1636 583 1214

Y 3.1 20 21 21 13 18 17 23 31 24
Zr 64 113 205 216 183 160 96.8 298 314 291
Nb 12 8.7 11 12 12 11 48 11 28 16
Cs 3.0 5.5 8.1 5.8 4.0 3.9 6.9 3.1 10 2.6
Ba 30 1518 1280 2026 944 2012 16 1646 388 1959
La 47 41 45 47 53 45 19 56 94 80
Ce 58 76 84 88 88 80 37 110 190 171
Pr 3.9 8.4 9.1 9.6 8.5 8.3 3.8 13 20 20
Nd 9.0 31 34 35 28 29 12 51 67 78
Sm 0.58 5.5 5.9 6.0 4.1 5.1 2.4 8.9 10 13
Eu 0.061 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.93 1.4 0.060 2.8 2.2 3.6
Gd 0.45 4.4 4.5 4.6 3.0 3.8 1.9 6.6 7.5 9.9
Tb 0.072 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.41 0.54 0.38 0.86 1.0 1.2
Dy 0.36 3.4 3.6 3.6 2.2 3.0 2.4 4.5 5.2 5.7
Ho 0.087 0.68 0.71 0.74 0.41 0.61 0.52 0.84 1.0 0.86
Er 0.29 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.7 2.0
Tm 0.082 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.18 0.26 0.31 0.32 0.42 0.23
Yb 0.71 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.7 2.2 1.9 2.8 1.1
Lu 0.16 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.20 0.26 0.30 0.29 0.44 0.14
Hf 3.2 3.0 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.1 4.8 6.5 7.8 6.0
Ta 0.70 0.59 0.76 0.82 1.1 0.80 3.4 0.61 2.1 0.63
Pb 33 23 24 25 23 22 28 17 18 16
Th 47 13 16 17 27 13 32 6.6 16 4.3
U 11 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.5 2.6 4.0 1.9 5.0 0.84
(La/Yb)N 47 16 17 18 29 19 6.2 21 24 52
(Dy/Yb)N 0.34 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.73 1.6 1.2 3.5
(Gd/Yb)N 0.52 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 0.71 2.9 2.2 7.4
Sr/Y 7.1 40 28 33 33 34 0.19 71 19 51
3823
Eu* P 1.0 (Eu/(SmGd)1/2, normalized to chondrite val- REE contents and strong positive Eu anomalies. This indi-
ues), higher than normal granitoids at a given SiO2 content cates that the Fuziling samples and sample 07LD-4 may
(Fig. 4G). Sample 07LD-4 is relatively depleted in light have a very specific petrogenesis which will be discussed
REE. The Fuziling samples are characterized by their low separately.
In a trace element spider diagram (Fig. 4B), normal
granitoids show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements
(LILE, e.g., Th, U, and Pb) and depletion in high field
strength elements (HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). HSG also
display similar enrichments of Th, U and Pb and depletions
of HFSE compared to normal granitoids (Fig. 4D). How-
ever, the HSG generally have positive Sr-anomalies while
normal granitoids do not. Furthermore, the HSG generally
are depleted in Rb and have low Rb/Ba ratios (Fig. 4D and
H), which is a typical feature of the lower continental crust
(Rudnick and Gao, 2003). Although most normal grani-
toids with low SiO2 have low Rb/Ba similar to the HSG,
normal granitoids with high SiO2 (e.g., >64.0%) generally
have Rb/Ba ratios significantly higher than the HSG
(Fig. 4B and H).
As summarized in Fig. 5, HSG and normal granitoids in
the Dabie orogen can be distinguished by their distinct fea-
Fig. 2. Sr/Y versus Y diagram for adakites (Defant and Drum-
mond, 1990). Closed symbols represent samples from this study;
tures in major and trace element compositions:
open symbols are from the literature (Chen et al., 2002; Zhang
et al., 2002; Bryant et al., 2004; Qian et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2004; (1) In a Sr versus SiO2 diagram (Fig. 5A), the HSG and
Xu et al., 2005, 2007; Xie et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2007a). HSG, normal granitoids define two separate negative corre-
NG, and Enc represent high Sr/Y granitoids, normal granitoids, lation trends with different slopes. At a given SiO2
and dark enclaves. content, HSG have higher Sr contents and a steeper
A B
C D
Fig. 3. Total alkali versus SiO2 (Irvine and Baragar, 1971; Middlemost, 1985), ANK versus ACNK, and major element Harker diagrams.
ANK and ACNK are molar ratios of Al2O3/(Na2O + K2O) and Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O), respectively. Data sources and symbols as in
Fig. 2. M, MD and QM are abbreviations for monzonite, monzodiorite and quartz monzonite, respectively.
slope than normal granitoids. Similarly, the HSG and (2) Sr/Y of the HSG are correlated with (La/Yb)N
normal granitoids also define two different positive (Fig. 5C, D), like adakites in modern arcs (Moyen,
correlation trends in the Sr versus CaO diagram 2009), while normal granitoids show no clear correla-
(Fig. 5B). tion between Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N (Fig. 5D).
Fig. 4. Chondrite normalized REE and primitive mantle (Sun and McDonough, 1989) normalized trace element pattern for normal
granitoids (NG) (A and B), 4C and 4D for high Sr/Y granitoids (HSG), and 4E and 4F for enclaves. Shown are only LA-ICPMS data. The
literature data for granitoids are from sources as in Fig. 2. Contemporaneous mafic rocks are from Wang et al. (2005), Zhao et al. (2005) and
Huang et al. (2007). Also shown are diagrams of Eu* (Eu/(SmGd)1/2, normalized to chondrite values) versus SiO2 (G), Rb/Ba versus Na2O/
K2O (H).
(3) HSG define a positive correlation between (La/Yb)N normal granitoids from 11 to 17 with an average
and (Dy/Yb)N while normal granitoids overlap in the of 14.
lower part of the HSG trend (Fig. 5E). Furthermore,
although both show fractionated REE patterns, the Fuziling samples and sample 07LD-4 show different
HSG have variably higher (La/Yb)N (20–151) and trace element correlations (Fig. 5C and E). At a given
(Dy/Yb)N (1.0–3.2) than normal granitoids, which (La/Yb)N, Fuziling samples and sample 07LD-4 have rela-
have (La/Yb)N from 2.5 to 52 and (Dy/Yb)N from tively higher Sr/Y than the HSG trend (Fig. 5C). Fuziling
0.34 to 1.9 (Fig. 5E). samples show lower (Dy/Yb)N relative to the HSG trend
(4) In the Nb/Ta versus (Dy/Yb)N diagram (Fig. 5F), at a given (La/Yb)N (Fig. 5E).
the HSG define a positive correlation between Nb/ Fig. 6 shows that Sr/Y, Sr/CaO, (La/Yb)N, and (Dy/
Ta and (Dy/Yb)N whereas normal granitoids do Yb)N ratios of the HSG are significantly higher than nor-
not. Furthermore, the HSG show variable and high mal granitoids and they do not exhibit correlation with
Nb/Ta ratios relative to normal granitoids. Nb/Ta SiO2, while the normal granitoids show slightly negative
in HSG vary from 13 to 20 with an average of 16; correlation trends between SiO2 and Sr/Y, (Dy/Yb)N.
A B
C D
E F
Fig. 5. Selected geochemical parameters of high Sr/Y granitoids relative to normal granitoids (subscript N means normalization to CHUR,
Sun and McDonough, 1989). Data sources and symbols are similar to Fig. 2. Lines in DEF were acquired for HSG, except the Fuziling
samples and sample 07LD-4, by linear fitting using OriginPro 8.0. Only our data are used for the solid lines, whereas both our and literature
data are used for the dashed lines. Our data only are plotted in F, as the literature data show a much larger variation in Nb/Ta ratios (5.1–65),
possibly indicating less precise measurements, compared to our data (8.8–20). For the fitting line in F, sample 07DT-2 is regarded as an
outlier.
A B
C D
Fig. 6. Sr/Y, (Dy/Yb)N, (La/Yb)N, and Sr/CaO versus SiO2. Data sources and symbols are from sources as in Fig. 2. The Fuziling samples
and sample 07LD-4 are not included.
A B
C D
Fig. 7. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb concordia diagrams with CL images of zircons for samples 06LS-2 (Liangshan) (A), 06FJ-1 (Shangcheng) (B),
06FJS-2 (Fujinshan) (C), and 06FS-1 (Fushan) (D). Numbers on the CL images are spot numbers from Table C2.
Melanocratic enclaves, being mostly mafic (4 of 5), have 5.1.1. Magma mixing and fractionation?
compositions from foid gabbro, monzodiorite, to monzo- Mafic enclaves, present in some HSG and normal gran-
nite with SiO2 from 47.9 to 56.5 wt% (Fig. 3A). Melano- itoid plutons, generally fall in the normal granitoid fields
cratic enclaves have moderate to high Sr contents (583– (see Figs. 5 and 6). Large variations of Sr/Y, Sr/CaO,
1636 ppm) and Y contents (>23 ppm). Their REE and spi- (Dy/Yb)N, (La/Yb)N, and Nb/Ta (7.9, 8.7, 3.2, 7.6, and
der patterns are similar to those from contemporaneous 1.5 times, respectively) are found in the HSG at similar
mafic intrusions in the Dabie orogen, showing fractionated SiO2 contents; no strong correlation of these ratios with
REE, enrichment of LILE, and depletion of HFSE (Fig. 4E SiO2 has been observed (Fig. 6). The lack of variation with
and F). Melanocratic enclaves follow the trends of normal SiO2 content does not support the notion that the varia-
grantoids in Figs. 5 and 6, however, 07DT-1-1 has an tions and the trends among these ratios are produced by
unusually high (Dy/Yb)N. magma mixing. It can also be precluded that compositional
variations of the HSG result from fractional crystallization,
4.2. Geochronology because fractional crystallization would produce strong
correlation trends with SiO2 (e.g., Macpherson et al.,
Zircons from two HSG (06LS-2, Liangshan; 06FJ-1, 2006). Thus, HSG represent initial magmas with variably
Shangcheng) and two normal granitoids (06FJS-2, Fujin- higher Sr, Sr/CaO, Sr/Y, (Dy/Yb)N, (La/Yb)N, and Nb/
shan; 06FS-1, Fushan) are generally subhedral to euhedral, Ta than normal granitoids.
prismatic, colorless, and transparent. CL images reveal Indicated by the preservation of a high positive correla-
core-rim structures in a quarter to a third of all grains from tion between (Dy/Yb)N and (La/Yb)N, fractional crystalli-
06LS-2 and 06FJ-1. The rims and grains without core-rim zation of amphibole is not a significant process for most
structures display oscillatory zoning and most of them have HSG. Generally, amphibole favors middle and to a lesser
high Th/U ratios (0.32–1.99) (Appendix C, Table C2), extent heavy REE relative to light REE (e.g., Nash and
which is typical for magmatic zircons. 17 analyses of mag- Crecraft, 1985; Green, 1994; Brenan et al., 1995). Thus a
matic zircons for 06LS-2 yield 206Pb/238U ages from 132 to negative correlation between (Dy/Yb)N and (La/Yb)N is ex-
155 Ma, with a weighted mean of 139 ± 3 Ma (2r error) pected for fractional crystallization. Also, fractional crys-
and 14 analyses of 06FJ-1 from 132 to 148 Ma, with a tallization of a substantial amount of plagioclase would
weighted mean age of 138 ± 3 Ma (2r error) (Fig. 7A produce negative Eu anomalies (e.g., Drake, 1976; Bind-
and B). In addition, four inherited zircon cores from eman and Davis, 2000; Bedard, 2006), which are not ob-
06LS-2 yield two concordant (201 ± 6 and 1819 ± 23 Ma) served in most HSG. In summary, we conclude that
ages and two discordant (218 ± 6 and 2093 ± 37 Ma) ages fractional crystallization is not significant for most HSG.
(Appendix C, Table C2). Two inherited zircon cores from The Fuziling samples are characterized by depleted REE
06FJ-1 yield one concordant (998 ± 22 Ma) age and one and Y and generally high Sr/Y ratios (up to 1303) relative
discordant (2727 ± 13 Ma) age (Appendix C, Table C2). to the other HSG (Wang et al., 2007a). Due to decreasing
Thirteen analyses of magmatic zircons from 06FJS-2 yield La contents as P2O5 decreases and increasing Sr/Y as La
a weighted mean age of 132 ± 3 Ma and 10 analyses of contents decrease (Table 2 in Wang et al., 2007a), this fea-
magmatic zircons from 06FS-1 yield a weighted mean age ture can be explained by apatite and/or monazite fraction-
of 133 ± 4 Ma (2r error) (Fig. 7C and D). No inherited zir- ation in the Fuziling samples. Using partition coefficients
cons have been found in the two normal granitoid samples. for granites from Bea et al. (1994), fractionation of ca.
In summary, the HSG (138–139 Ma) are slightly older than 0.7% apatite or ca. 0.025% monazite only can account for
the normal granitoids (132–133 Ma), consistent with previ- the range of Y (from 1.4 to 0.45 ppm). A similar effect is ob-
ous observations (Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007). served for 07LD-4 with its depleted LREE (Fig. 4C). A
depletion of LREE in the other HSG has not been ob-
served, suggesting fractional crystallization of apatite and/
5. DISCUSSION or monazite is not important for most HSG.
Finally, fractional crystallization of zircon can elevate
5.1. Petrogenesis of the Dabie high Sr/Y grantoids both (La/Yb)N and (Dy/Yb)N (e.g., Bea et al., 1994), and
titanite, favoring Ta (Prowatke and Klemme, 2005), can
The high Sr/Y granitoids (HSG) in the Dabie orogen fractionate Nb and Ta. However, these two minerals are
have Sr/Y and Y comparable to adakites (Defant and commonly present both in HSG and normal granitoids
Drummond, 1990). An important question then is, whether (Table A1). Furthermore, no correlations between (Dy/
they represent products of partial melting of thickened Yb)N and Zr contents, Nb/Ta and TiO2 are observed.
LCC with garnet dominant and plagioclase more or less ab- Therefore, zircon and titanite may not account for the dis-
sent in the residue or whether they are derived (i) from mag- tinct high (Dy/Yb)N and Nb/Ta of HSG in contrast to nor-
ma mixing (Chen et al., 2004; Guo et al., 2007), (ii) from mal granitoids.
fractional crystallization of Y-enriched minerals (Richards
and Kerrich, 2007), or iii) from melting of high Sr/Y 5.1.2. A high Sr/Y source for HSG at low pressure?
sources (Kamei et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009). As our Moyen (2009) proposed that the lower continental crust
study reveals a distinct chemistry of HSG relative to normal (LCC) may have high Sr/Y up to 80 (Weaver and Tarney,
granitoids, it may provide new constraints on all aspects of 1984), and thus any melt from the LCC might have Sr/
granitoid petrogenesis. Y > 40. However, most LCC estimates indicate an average
Table 2
Partition coefficients and presumed source for trace element modeling. The LCC estimate of Rudnick and Gao (2003) has been taken as
presumed source (PS). Selected partition coefficients are from felsic magmas; and from experimental runs under equilibrium conditions similar
to HSG if possible. For example, DREE for garnet and clinopyroxene are from an experimental run at 1050 °C, 1.5 GPa (Klein et al., 2000).
Data sources for partition coefficients are: REE, Nb, and Ta for garnet and clinopyroxene, from Klein et al. (2000); for Y estimates of the
average of Dy and Er; Sr for garnet from Pertermann et al. (2004); Sr for clinopyroxene from Huang et al. (2006); Nb and Ta for rutile from
Klemme et al. (2005). Representative calculations are listed for batch melting and fractional melting with residue as 30% garnet + 69%
clinopyroxene + 1% rutile (*). One of most distinct HSG (07LS-2) is also shown for comparison.
Element PS Partition coefficients
LCC Grt Cpx Rutile Bulk D (30:69:1)*
Sr 348 0.013 0.39 0.273
Y 16 7.7 1.55 3.38
La 8 0.025 0.099 0.076
Dy 3.1 4.4 1.2 2.15
Yb 1.5 14 0.9 4.82
Nb 5 0.04 0.005 96 0.975
Ta 0.6 0.08 0.014 210 2.13
Batch melting
Melt fraction 5 10 15 20 25 30 07LS-2
Sr 1125 1007 911 832 765 709 841
Y 4.91 5.09 5.29 5.51 5.75 6.00 3.7
La 65.6 47.6 37.3 30.7 26.1 22.7 42
Dy 1.48 1.52 1.57 1.62 1.67 1.72 0.91
Yb 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.20
Nb 5.12 5.11 5.11 5.10 5.09 5.09 4.5
Ta 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.24
Sr/Y 229 198 172 151 133 118 227
(La/Yb)N 145.2 100.9 75.8 59.5 48.2 39.8 151
(Dy/Yb)N 3.06 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.87 2.82 3.0
Nb/Ta 17.7 17.2 16.7 16.2 15.7 15.2 19
Nb/La 0.078 0.108 0.137 0.166 0.195 0.225 0.11
Fractional melting
Melt Fraction 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
Sr 1241 1081 935 801 680 572 475
Y 4.77 4.95 5.14 5.35 5.59 5.85 6.15
La 93.36 49.63 25.49 12.60 5.96 2.69 1.14
Dy 1.45 1.49 1.54 1.58 1.64 1.70 1.76
Yb 0.314 0.327 0.341 0.357 0.375 0.395 0.418
Nb 5.12 5.12 5.11 5.10 5.10 5.09 5.08
Ta 0.283 0.291 0.299 0.309 0.319 0.330 0.342
Sr/Y 260 219 182 150 122 97.7 77.2
(La/Yb)N 214 109 53.6 25.3 11.4 4.88 1.97
(Dy/Yb)N 3.10 3.06 3.01 2.97 2.92 2.87 2.82
Nb/Ta 18.1 17.6 17.1 16.5 16.0 15.4 14.8
Nb/La 0.055 0.103 0.200 0.405 0.855 1.89 4.44
LCC with Sr/Y 6 28 (7–28, n = 11, Table 7 in Rudnick and et al., 2009). As shown in Fig. 8B, at a given CaO content,
Gao (2003) and references therein). Furthermore, the LCC the Dabie HSG have higher Sr concentrations than most
has an average (Dy/Yb)N composition of 61.6 (Rudnick adakites in modern arcs (GeoRoc; http://georoc.mpch-
and Gao, 2003). Local basement rocks, which mainly con- mainz.gwdg.de/) and high Sr/Y TTG, including a global
sist of high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks with compilation from Condie (2005) and Kongling TTG gneis-
Neoproterozoic protolith ages (Zheng et al., 2003), also ses from South China Block (Gao et al., 1999; Ma et al.,
have relatively low (Dy/Yb)N (Fig. 8A). At low pressures, 2000; Zhang et al., 2006). Given intermediate to felsic com-
melting of LCC with clinopyroxene (or amphibole) as dom- positions, melting of TTG or adakite sources fails to pro-
inant residual phases may produce granitoids with high Sr/ duce as high Sr concentrations as the Dabie HSG at a
Y but low (Dy/Yb)N. This disagrees with high Sr/Y up to given CaO content, because feldspar is an important resid-
282 together with high (Dy/Yb)N of the HSG. ual phase at pressures up to 3.0 GPa (e.g., Patino Douce,
It is also important to examine whether the chemical fea- 2005; Watkins et al., 2007). Furthermore, most global high
tures of the HSG are inherited from their source rocks, such Sr/Y TTG suites, including the Kongling TTG, and
as old adakites or TTG suites (Kamei et al., 2009; Zhang adakites in modern arcs display smaller variations in
A (Dy/Yb)N (or (Gd/Yb)N) than the HSG (Fig. 8C). Melting

of such TTG or adakite sources at low pressures with clino-
pyroxene and amphibole as the dominant mafic residual
phases will not produce magmas with substantially higher
(Dy/Yb)N or (Gd/Yb)N. For example, although high Sr/
Y granitoids reported by Zhang et al. (2009) have high
Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, their (Dy/Yb)N values are generally
lower than 1.4, which is much lower than the supposed
TTG protolith with (Dy/Yb)N up to 2.9 (Figs. 8C and
11E). Therefore, high (Dy/Yb)N up to 3.2, and the high
Sr concentrations in the Dabie HSG argue against the
inheritance of their source compositions at low pressure.
5.1.3. Intermediate-felsic or mafic source for the Dabie HSG?

B Felsic HSG in the Dabie orogen have been interpreted
as partial melts from thickened intermediate to felsic crust
(Xu et al., 2008). However, Wang et al. (2007a) suggested
that the Dabie HSG are most likely derived from partial
melting of metabasalts. Vapor-absent partial melting exper-
iments of intermediate to felsic rocks (SiO2 = 59–70%, A/
CNK = 0.90–1.04) show that low to high degrees (7–60%)
of partial melts at pressures from 1.0 to 3.0 GPa have
highly variable A/CNK from 1.03 to 2.07 and SiO2 >70%
(Skjerlie and Johnston, 1996; Patino Douce, 2005; Watkins
et al., 2007). These experiments also show that feldspar is a
dominant residual phase at pressures up to 3.0 GPa and
melt fractions up to 60% (Skjerlie and Johnston, 1996; Pati-
no Douce, 2005; Watkins et al., 2007). By contrast, the
HSG generally have A/CNK from 0.90 to 1.10 and SiO2
C <71% (n = 70/85), which both are slightly lower than those
of the partial melts from intermediate to felsic sources. Fur-
thermore, most HSG have high Sr and Ba contents relative
to normal granitoids at a given CaO content, which sug-
gests that feldspar is not an important phase in the HSG
sources. Therefore, the HSG unlikely are to be derived from
intermediate to felsic sources. A/CNK ratios of 1.0 in the
HSG may be produced by partial melting of a garnet-bear-
ing basaltic protolith at pressure–temperature conditions
close to or beyond the ‘amphibole-out’ phase boundary,
as feldspar is absent in residual phases (Rapp, 1995).
5.1.4. Partial melting of thickened continental crust

In contrast to magma mixing, fractional crystallization
Fig. 8. (Dy/Yb)N versus (La/Yb)N (A), Sr versus CaO (B), and (Gd/ and source inheritance, the distinct, coupled geochemical
Yb)N versus (La/Yb)N (C) of Dabie HSG, local basement, global features suggest that the Dabie HSG are derived from par-
mafic lower continental crustal xenoliths, high Sr/Y TTG suites, and tial melting of a thickened mafic continental crust.
adakites in modern arcs. (A) Eclogite + Amph, Gneiss: eclog-
The Dabie HSG define a high Sr correlation with SiO2
ites + amphibolites and gneisses in local basement, LCC enclaves:
global mafic lower continental crustal xenoliths, and CC: average
or CaO compared to normal granitoids, and have Sr con-
composition of continental crust (Rudnick and Gao, 2003). (B and C) centrations even higher than adakites and Archean TTG
Ada, adakites in modern arcs; Post-A TTG, post-Archean high Sr/Y suites at a given CaO content. Furthermore, the positive
TTG suites; A-TTG, Archean high Sr/Y TTG suites; and Kongling, correlation between Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N indicates that Sr
Kongling TTG. Local exposed basement represent amphibolites, most likely behaves like La as an incompatible element dur-
eclogites, and gneisses with Neoproterozoic protolith ages (Li et al., ing melting. Plagioclase, thus, was mostly absent in the res-
2000; Bryant et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2007b; Tang et al., 2008; Xia idue for the HSG.
et al., 2008). Amphibolites and TTG gneisses of the Kongling Given that garnet is the only rock-forming mineral that
complex are from Gao et al. (1999), Ma et al. (2000); and Zhang et al. can substantially fractionate middle REE from heavy REE,
(2006). Mafic xenoliths of lower continental crust and global high
high (Dy/Yb)N ratios may better reveal the involvement of
TTG suites are from the compilation of Condie (2005) and Rudnick
and Gao (2003). Mafic xenoliths from kimberlites and minettes are
garnet than high Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N (Huang and He,
excluded. Adakites in modern arcs are from the GeoRoc database 2010). Furthermore, as DREE values increase with atomic
(http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/) without continental settings. numbers, garnet is the only rock-forming mineral that can
substantially enhance both (La/Yb)N and (Dy/Yb)N (or of melts (Klemme et al. (2005), Prowatke and Klemme,
(Gd/Yb)N) of magmas (e.g., Blundy and Wood, 1994; Klein 2005), consistent with the negative correlation of HSG in
et al., 2000; Pertermann et al., 2004). Positively correlated Fig. 9. Except sample 07DT-2, for the major HSG trend,
high (Dy/Yb)N and (La/Yb)N ratios thus suggest the dom- however, the variation in Nb/La (0.092–0.39) is much high-
inant role of garnet in fractionating REE of the HSG dur- er than that of Nb/Ta (13–19) (Fig. 9), inconsistent with the
ing partial melting. effect of titanite. For dacitic to rhyolitic melts, DNb/DLa of
Nb and Ta fractionation is governed by Ti-enriched titanite ranges from 2.9 to 3.3, while DNb/DTa ranges from
minerals (Foley et al., 2000; Klemme et al. (2005), Prowatke 0.09 to 0.10, respectively (Prowatke and Klemme, 2005).
and Klemme, 2005). The presence of rutile and titanite in Accordingly, the fractionation of Nb/Ta is much larger
the residue both can lead to high Nb/Ta and low Nb/La than that of Nb/La when titanite is present. By contrast,
La is highly incompatible, whereas Nb is compatible in ru-
tile with DNb up to 96, resulting in DNb/DLa >> 96. DNb/
DTa of rutile ranges from 0.21 to 0.46 (Klemme et al.,
2005). Rutile, thus, can both explain the larger variation
in Nb/La than Nb/Ta and the slightly elevated Nb/Ta ra-
tios of the HSG relative to normal granitoids.
Co-variations in Sr/Y, (La/Yb)N, (Dy/Yb)N, and Nb/Ta
have been modeled on the basis of batch partial melting and
fractional partial melting (Shaw, 1970). As demonstrated
(e.g., Rapp et al., 1991; Sen and Dunn, 1994; Rapp, 1995;
Rapp and Watson, 1995), garnet and clinopyroxene are
considered to be major residual minerals with traces of
co-existing rutile. The average composition of LCC
(Rudnick and Gao, 2003) is taken to approximate the
source composition. It should be noted that 7% tonalite
Fig. 9. Nb/Ta versus Nb/La for Dabie HSG and normal grani- gneisses and 97% mafic lithologies contribute to the
toids. Our data are plotted only. estimate of LCC in Rudnick and Gao (2003). Partition
A B
C D
Fig. 10. Trace element modeling of partial melting of thickened LCC. Parameters are from Table 2. Curves 1, 2, and 3 are for batch partial
melting with residual phases as 30% garnet + 69% clinopyroxene + 1% rutile (curve 1), 15% garnet + 84.5% clinopyroxene + 0.5% rutile
(curve 2), and 5% garnet + 94.9% clinopyroxene + 0.1% rutile (curve 3), respectively. Segments on curves remark 5% increments in melt
fraction. Curve 4 in B is for fractional partial melting with residual phases as 30% garnet + 69% cpx + 1% rutile. Thick red lines are from
Fig. 5. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.)
coefficients used in the modeling are carefully selected and explain normal granitoids which have larger variations in
listed in Table 2. Representative results, listed in Table 2 major elements than the HSG and very complex petrogen-
and shown in Fig. 10, indicate that (Dy/Yb)N in melt is sen- esis, such as partial melting of ultramafic to intermediate
sitive to residual garnet/clinopyroxene ratios, but insensi- rocks, magma fractional crystallization, and mixing be-
tive to low and intermediate degrees (1–30%) of melt tween felsic and mafic magmas (e.g., Chen et al., 2002;
fraction. Fig. 10 also shows that (La/Yb)N and Nb/Ta are Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2007a,c).
sensitive to melt fractions. The high (La/Yb)N and Nb/Ta Furthermore, garnet cannot be dominant in the formation
ratios of HSG suggest low degree partial melting (ca. 5%) of normal granitoids because they generally have flat mid-
(Fig. 10). The calculated low degrees of batch partial melt- dle to heavy REE patterns except a few high-silica samples
ing (ca. 5%) approximate the HSG trends; gradually ele- having down-concave REE patterns. Garnet becomes sta-
vated (La/Yb)N, (Dy/Yb)N, and Sr/Y correspond to ble at pressures >ca. 1.0–1.2 GPa for basalitic sources and
increasing proportions of residual garnet. On the other at lower pressures for intermediate to felsic sources (e.g.,
hand, the positive correlation between Nb/Ta and (Dy/ Rapp, 1995; Rapp and Watson, 1995; Moyen and Stevens,
Yb)N (Fig. 10) is modeled by varying the abundances of ru- 2006). Crustal components in normal granitoids were most
tile and garnet in the residue of HSG. Additional modeling likely derived from shallower depths (<ca. 40 km) of the
using the average composition of global mafic LCC xeno- once thickened crust (Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007).
liths shows that variations of presumed source composition
are not sensitive for the correlations among Sr/Y, (Dy/ 5.1.5. Implications of high Na2O and Na2O/K2O of the HSG
Yb)N, (La/Yb)N, and Nb/Ta. Thus co-variations of Sr/Y, Besides high Na2O contents and Na2O/K2O, the HSG
(La/Yb)N, (Dy/Yb)N, and Nb/Ta in the HSG can be ex- generally have low Rb/Ba ratios (Fig. 4H). The Rb deple-
plained by a change of modal proportions of residual tion shown in Fig. 4D is a typical feature of LCC (Rudnick
minerals. and Gao, 2003). By contrast, normal granitoids with SiO2
In summary, the HSG are most likely derived from par- similar to the HSG generally have high Rb/Ba ratios
tial melting of thickened mafic LCC leaving garnet–clinopy- (Fig. 4H), typical for middle to upper continental crust
roxenite residuum, in which the garnet/clinopyroxene ratio (Rudnick and Gao, 2003). Given the change in source
varies; plagioclase is more or less absent; and rutile is pres- depths, different sources (low to middle continental crust)
ent. This mineralogy indicates that during the HSG most likely contribute to the difference in Na2O contents
emplacement the depth of crust was >50 km (ca. 1.5 GPa) and Na2O/K2O between HSG and normal grantioids. A
(Rapp, 1995; Rapp and Watson, 1995; Xiong et al., 2005; change of residual phases with pressure could also play an
Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., 2007). This model does not important role. As shown above, garnet and clinopyroxene
A B
C D
Fig. 11. Variations of (La/Yb)N, (Dy/Yb)N, Sr/Y, and Sr/CaO of Dabie post-collisional granitoids with age. Significant mantle upwelling is
indicated by mafic–ultramafic plutons (the vertical lines 1, 2 and grey fields represent the ages and 2r range of Shacun (125 ± 2 Ma) and
Jiaoziyan (127 ± 3 Ma) plutons; Zhao et al., 2005). Data sources are the same as in Fig. 2, the age of the Fenliupu pluton is from Ma et al.
(2003).
are dominant but plagioclase is more or less absent in the granitoids in the Dabie orogen are plotted versus age
HSG residue, while plagioclase is a major residual phase (Fig. 11), showing that the distinct chemical features of par-
for normal granitoids. Garnet and clinopyroxene are Na-de- tial melts of thickened LCC disappeared at ca. 130 Ma.
pleted relative to plagioclase (e.g., Run B4, B5, and M2; Sen This suggests a significant change in the crustal melting sys-
and Dunn, 1994), which results in higher Na2O of the HSG tem: lacking of crustal melts from depths >ca. 50 km (pla-
compared to normal granitoids. gioclase poor) since ca. 130 Ma. Seismologic investigations
show that lowermost eclogitic or garnet–clinopyroxenitic
5.2. Geological implications LCC is lacking in the current Dabie orogen (Gao et al.,
1998). Intensive magmatism in the orogen ceased at ca.
Interpreting most HSG as partial melts of thickened 120 Ma (Wang et al., 2007a and references therein). There-
LCC in the Dabie orogen has important implications for fore, the eclogitic source and/or residuum of HSG were
the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the orogen. Sr/ most likely removed at ca. 130 Ma. This is supported by
CaO, (Dy/Yb)N, (La/Yb)N, and Sr/Y of post-collisional the emplacement of the Chituling high-Mg adakitic pluton,
A B
C D
E F
Fig. 12. Sr versus CaO (A and B), Sr/Y versus (La/Yb)N (C and D), and (Dy/Yb)N versus (La/Yb)N (E and F) for continental pseudo
adakites. Supposed melts from old high Sr/Y sources without partial melting of thickened LCC are from Kamei et al. (2009) and Zhang et al.
(2009) and those from partial melting of granulites are from Jiang et al. (2007) (ACE); those supposed to result from magma mixing are from
Chen et al. (2004) (BDF).
regarded as partial melt of delaminated LCC (Huang et al., partial melts of thickened crust distinguishing them from
2008), the emplacement of mafic and ultramafic intrusions pseudo-adakites.
(ca. 131–125 Ma, Li et al., 1999; Zhao et al., 2005) and a ra-
pid crustal uplift (the Luotian dome, ca. 136–127 Ma, Hou 6. CONCLUSION
et al., 2005) in the Dabie orogen (Kay and Kay, 1993). Ini-
tial partial melting lasts more than 10 Ma (ca. 143–130 Ma) High Sr/Y granitoids (HSG) have distinct geochemical
before the thickened LCC was removed at ca. 130 Ma features relative to normal granitoids in the Dabie orogen.
(Fig. 11) (Wang et al., 2007a). Partial melting of the LCC Besides high Sr/Y and low Y, the Dabie HSG have
thus might support the foundering of the thickened mafic high Sr and Sr/Ca ratios, high (Dy/Yb)N, (La/Yb)N and
LCC because it rheologically weakened the LCC of the oro- Nb/Ta ratios and define high positive correlations among
gen and left a denser eclogite in the residue, triggering the Sr/Y, (La/Yb)N, (Dy/Yb)N, and Nb/Ta in contrast to
mountain root removal (Wang et al., 2007a; Xu et al., normal granitoids. These distinct geochemical features of
2007; Huang et al., 2008). the HSG are best explained by partial melting of a thick-
ened lower continental crust. Comparison of the Dabie
5.3. How to distinguish partial melts of thickened crust from HSG with pseudo-adakites suggests that the distinct chem-
pseudo-adakites? ical features found here can be used as additional criteria
to distinguish partial melts of thickened LCC from pseu-
The coupled geochemical features may have general do-adakites.
implications to distinguish partial melts of thickened crust Temporal variations of Sr/CaO, (Dy/Yb)N, (La/Yb)N
from high Sr/Y granitoid magmas showing no geochemical and Sr/Y for post-collisional granitoids reveal a lack of
indicator of melting depths. The latter type of rocks has HSG since ca.130 Ma in the Dabie orogen. Combined with
been termed “pseudo-adakite” by Kamei et al. (2009). Pseu- previous geophysical and geological studies, this suggests
do-adakites reported in the literature can be products of that the eclogitic source and/or residuum of HSG were
magma mixing, of crystal fractionation, or of partial melt- most likely removed at that time.
ing of granulites, TTG suites, and adakites in normal con-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
tinental crust (Chen et al., 2004; Macpherson et al., 2006;
Jiang et al., 2007; Kamei et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009). We thank Klaus Simon, Gerald Hartmann, A. Reiss, Brigitte
In a Sr versus CaO diagram (Fig. 12A), those pseudo-adak- Dietrich, Liu Yin, Ling Mingxing, and Guan Yili for elemental
ites scatter along the trend defined by normal granitoids in analyses. The constructive comments from Paul Tomascak, Joe
the Dabie orogen, but do not reflect the high Sr trends of Hiess and an anonymous reviewer and efficient editorial handling
the Dabie HSG. In Sr/Y, (Dy/Yb)N versus (La/Yb)N dia- of Steven Shirey are greatly appreciated. This work was supported
grams (Fig. 12C and E), the pseudo-adakites have a much by the State Key Basic Research Development Program (Grant
smaller range compared to Dabie HSG. Furthermore, steep No. 2009CB825002), Academy of Science of China (No.
positive correlations are not observed for pseudo-adakites KZCX2-YW-131), and the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (Grant Nos. 40773013, 40921002).
in a (Dy/Yb)N versus (La/Yb)N diagram (Fig. 12E), except
for samples reported by Kamei et al. (2009). Higher (Dy/
Yb)N (1.5–2.0) of samples from Kamei et al. (2009)
(Fig. 12E) cannot be explained by amphibole-dominant APPENDIX A. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
melting of old arc tonalites or adakites with (Dy/Yb)N be-
tween 1.2 and 1.5 as proposed by Kamei et al. (2009), be- Supplementary data associated with this article can be
cause amphibole favors Dy over Yb (e.g., Green, 1994). found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.
Accordingly, it is more likely that either more garnet is 04.011.
present during partial melting, or the source materials have
higher Dy/Yb than proposed by Kamei et al. (2009). Chen REFERENCES
et al. (2004, 2008) suggested that some high Sr/Y igneous
Atherton M. P. and Petford N. (1993) Generation of sodium rich
rocks in the Taihang orogen result from mixing of mantle
magmas from newly underplated basaltic crust. Nature 362,
and crustally derived magmas followed by fractional crys-
144–146.
tallization of clinopyroxene and amphibole. The Taihang Bea F., Pereira M. D. and Stroh A. (1994) Mineral/leucosome
samples form a nearly horizontal trend with the majority trace-element partitioning in a peraluminous migmatite (a laser
having low Sr at similar CaO (Fig. 12B). Furthermore, no ablation-ICP-MS study). Chem. Geol. 117, 291–312.
correlations among Sr/Y, (Dy/Yb)N and (La/Yb)N have Bedard J. H. (2006) Trace element partitioning in plagioclase
been found (Fig. 12D and F), showing a large range of feldspar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 3717–3742.
Sr/Y with very limited variations in (Dy/Yb)N and (La/ Bindeman I. N. and Davis A. M. (2000) Trace element partitioning
Yb)N which is clearly different from the case of the Dabie between plagioclase and melt: investigation of dopant influence
HSG. These features do not imply the involvement of gar- on partition behavior. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64(16), 2863–
2878.
net and ±absence of plagioclase, which is clearly different
Black L. P., Kamo S. L., Allen C. M., Aleinikoff J. K., Davis D.
from the case of the Dabie HSG. Consequently, the dia-
W., Korsch R. J. and Foudoulis C. (2003) TEMORA 1: a new
grams of Sr versus CaO, and Sr/Y, (Dy/Yb)N versus (La/ zircon standard for Phanerozoic U–Pb geochronology. Chem.
Yb)N can be successfully applied for the identification of Geol. 200, 155–170.
Blundy J. D. and Wood B. J. (1994) Prediction of crystal- Green T. H. (1994) Experimental studies of trace-element parti-
melt partition coefficients from elastic moduli. Nature 372, tioning applicable to igneous petrogenesis–Sedona 16 years
452–453. later. Chem. Geol. 117, 1–36.
Brenan J. M., Shaw H. F., Ryerson F. J. and Phinney D. L. (1995) Guo F., Nakamuru E., Fan W. M., Kobayoshi K. and Li C. W.
Experimental-determination of trace element partitioning (2007) Generation of Palaeocene adakitic andesites by magma
between Pargasite and a synthetic hydrous andesitic melt. mixing; Yanji Area, NE China. J. Petrol. 48(4), 661–692.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 135(1–4), 1–11. Hacker B. R., Ratschbacher L., Webb L., Ireland T., Walker D.
Bryant D. L., Ayers J. C., Gao S., MIller C. F. and Zhang H. F. and Dong S. W. (1998) U/Pb zircon ages constrain the
(2004) Geochemical, age, and isotopic constraints on the architecture of the ultrahigh-pressure Oinling-Dabie Orogen,
location of the Sino-Korean/Yangtze Suture and evolution of China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 161, 215–230.
the Northern Dabie Complex, east central China. Geol. Soc. Hou Z. H., Li S. G., Chen N. S., Li Q. L. and Liu X. M. (2005)
Am. Bull. 116(5–6), 698–717. Sm–Nd and zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating of Huilanshan mafic
Chappell B. W. and White A. J. R. (1992) I- and S-type granites in granulite in the Dabie Mountains and its zircon trace element
the Lachlan Fold Belt. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh Earth Sci. 83, geochemistry. Sci. China (Ser. D) 48(12), 2081–2091.
1–26. Huang F. and He Y. S. (2010) Partial melting of the dry mafic
Chen B., Jahn B. M., Arakawa Y. and Zhai M. G. (2004) continental crust and C-type adakites. Chin. Sci. Bull. 55(13),
Petrogenesis of the Mesozoic intrusive complexes from the 1255–1267.
southern Taihang Orogen, North China Craton: elemental and Huang F., Li S. G., Dong F., He Y. S. and Chen F. K. (2008) High-
Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic constraints. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. Mg adakitic rocks in the Dabie orogen, central China:
148(4), 489–501. implications for foundering mechanism of lower continental
Chen B., Jahn B. M. and Wei C. J. (2002) Petrogenesis of Mesozoic crust. Chem. Geol. 255(1–2), 1–13.
granitoids in the dabie UHP complex, central china: trace Huang F., Li S. G., Dong F., Li Q. L., Chen F. K., Wang Y. and
element and Nd–Sr isotope evidence. Lithos 60(1–2), 67–88. Yang W. (2007) Recycling of deeply subducted continental
Chen B., Tian W., Jahn B. M. and Chen Z. C. (2008) Zircon crust in the Dabie Mountains, central China. Lithos 96, 151–
SHRIMP U–Pb ages and in-situ Hf isotopic analysis for the 169.
Mesozoic intrusions in South Taihang, North China craton: Huang F., Lundstrom C. C. and McDonough W. F. (2006) Effect
evidence for hybridization between mantle-derived magmas and of melt structure on trace-element partitioning between clino-
crustal components. Lithos 102(1–2), 118–137. pyroxene and silicic, alkaline, aluminous melts. Am. Mineral.
Chung S. L., Liu D., Ji J., Chu M. F., Lee H. Y., Wen D. J., Lo C. 91, 1385–1400.
H., Lee T. Y., Qian Q. and Zhang Q. (2003) Adakites from Irvine T. N. and Baragar W. R. (1971) A guide to the chemical
continental collision zones: melting of thickened lower crust classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can. J. Earth Sci.
beneath southern Tibet. Geology 31(11), 1021–1024. 8, 523–548.
Compston W., Williams I. S., Kirschvink J. L., Zhang Z. C. and Jahn B. M., Wu F. Y., Lo C. H. and Tsai C. H. (1999) Crust-
Ma G. (1992) Zircon U–Pb ages for the early Cambrian time- mantle interaction induced by deep subduction of the conti-
scale. J. Geol. Soc. (London) 149, 171–184. nental crust: geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence from
Condie K. C. (2005) TTGs and adakites: are they both slab melts? post-collisional mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the northern
Lithos 80(1–4), 33–44, special issue. Dabie complex, central China. Chem. Geol. 157, 119–146.
Defant M. J. and Drummond M. S. (1990) Derivation of some Jiang N., Liu Y. S., Zhou W. G., Yang J. H. and Zhang S. Q.
modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted litho- (2007) Derivation of Mesozoic adakitic magmas from ancient
sphere. Nature 347(6294), 662–665. lower crust in the North China craton. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Drake M. J. (1976) Plagioclase–melt equilibria. Geochim. Cosmo- Acta 71(10), 2591–2608.
chim. Acta 40(4), 457–465. Kamei A., Miyake Y., Owada M. and Kimura J. I. (2009) A
Fan W. M., Guo F., Wang Y. J. and Zhang M. (2004) Late pseudo adakite derived from partial melting of tonalitic to
Mesozoic volcanism in the northern Huaiyang tectono-mag- granodioritic crust, Kyushu, southwest Japan arc. Lithos 112,
matic belt, central China: partial melts from a lithospheric 615–625.
mantle with subducted continental crust relicts beneath the Kay R. W. and Kay S. M. (1993) Delamination and delamination
Dabie orogen? Chem. Geol. 209, 27–48. magmatism. Tectonophysics 219(1–3), 177–189.
Foley S. F., Barth M. G. and Jenner G. A. (2000) Rutile/melt Klein M., Stosch H. G., Seck H. A. and Shimizu N. (2000)
partition coefficients for trace elements and assessment of the Experimental partitioning of high field strength and rare earth
influence of rutile on the trace element characteristics of elements between clinopyroxene and garnet in andesitic to
subduction zone magmas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64. tonalitic systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64(1), 99–115.
Gao S., Ling W. L., Qiu Y. M., Lian Z., Hartmann G. and Simon Klemme S., Prowatke S., Hametner K. and Gunther D. (2005)
K. (1999) Contrasting geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic com- Partitioning of trace elements between rutile and silicate melts:
positions of Archean metasediments from the Kongling high- Implications for subduction zones. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
grade terrain of the Yangtze craton: evidence for cratonic 69(9), 2361–2371.
evolution and redistribution of REE during crustal anatexis. Li J. W., Zhao X. F., Zhou M. F., Ma C. Q., de Souza Z. S. and
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63(13–14), 2071–2088. Vasconcelos P. (2009) Late Mesozoic magmatism from the
Gao S., Luo T. C., Zhang B. R., Zhang H. F., Han Y. M., Zhao Z. Daye region, eastern China: U–Pb ages, petrogenesis, and
D. and Hu Y. K. (1998) Chemical composition of the geodynamic implications. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 157(3), 383–
continental crust as revealed by studies in East China. Geochim. 409.
Cosmochim. Acta 62(11), 1959–1975. Liu S.-A., Li S. G., He Y. S. and Huang F. (2010a) Geochemical
Gao S., Rudnick R. L., Yuan H. L., Liu X. M., Liu Y. S., Xu W. contrasts between early Cretaceous ore-bearing and ore-barren
L., Ling W. L., Ayers J., Wang X. C. and Wang Q. H. (2004) high-Mg adakites in central-eastern China: implications for
Recycling lower continental crust in the North China craton. petrogenesis and Cu–Au mineralization. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Nature 432, 892–897. Acta 74(24), 7160–7178.
Liu S. A., Teng F. Z., Li S. G., He Y. S. and Ke S. (2010b) Martin H. (1999) Adakitic magmas: modern analogues of
Investigation of magnesium isotope fractionation during Archaean granitoids. Lithos 46(3), 411–429.
granite differentiation: implication for Mg isotopic composition Martin H., Smithies R. H., Rapp R., Moyen J. F. and Champion
of the continental crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 297(3–4), 646– D. (2005) An overview of adakite, tonalite–trondhjemiten–
654. granodiorite (TTG), and sanukitoid: relationships and some
Li S. G., Jagoutz E., Chen Y. Z. and Li Q. L. (2000) Sm–Nd and implications for crustal evolution. Lithos 79(1–2), 1–24, special
Rb–Sr isotopic chronology and cooling history of ultrahigh issue.
pressure metamorphic rocks and their country rocks at Shuan- Middlemost E. A. K. (1985) Naming materials in the magma/
ghe in the Dabie Mountains, Central China. Geochim. Cosmo- igneous rock system. Earth Sci. Rev. 37, 215–224.
chim. Acta 64(6), 1077–1093. Mo X. X., Hou Z. Q., Niu Y. L., Dong G. C., Qu X. M., Zhao Z.
Li S. G., Hong J. A., Li H. M. and Jiang L. L. (1999) Zircon U–Pb D. and Yang Z. M. (2007) Mantle contributions to crustal
datings of pyroxenite–gabbro intrusions in the Dabie orogen thickening during continental collision: evidence from Cenozoic
and their geological implications. Geol. J. Chinese Univ. 5(3), igneous rocks in southern Tibet. Lithos 96(1–2), 225–242.
351–355 (in Chinese with English abstract). Moyen J. F. (2009) High Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios: the meaning of
Li S. G., Huang F., Nie Y. H., Han W. L., Long G., Li H. M., the ‘adakitic signature’. Lithos 112, 556–574.
Zhang S. Q. and Zhang Z. H. (2001) Geochemical and Moyen, J. F. and Stevens, G. (2006) Experimental constraints on
geochronological constraints on the suture location between TTG petrogenesis: implications for Archean geodynamics. In:
the North and South China Blocks in the Dabie orogen, central Archean Geodynamics and Environments, Monographs (eds. K.
China. Phys. Chem. Earth (A) 26(9–10), 655–672. Benn, J.-C. Mareschal, K.C. Condie). AGU. pp. 149–178.
Li S. G., Nie Y. H., Zheng S. G. and Liu D. L. (1998a) Interaction Nash W. P. and Crecraft H. R. (1985) Partition coefficients for
between subducted continental crust and the mantle. I: Major trace elements in silicic magmas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
and trace element geochemistry of the syncollisional mafic– 49(2), 309–322.
altrumafic intrusions in the Dabie Mountains. Sci. China (Ser. Okay A. I., Xu S. T. and Sengor A. M. C. (1989) Coesite from the
D) 41(5), 545–552. Dabie Shan Eclogites, Central China. Eur. J. Mineral. 1(4),
Li S. G., Nie Y. H., Hart S. R. and Zhang Z. Q. (1998b) Interaction 595–598.
between subduted continental crust and the mantle. II: Sr and Patino Douce A. E. (2005) Vapor-absent melting of tonalite at 15–
Nd isotopic geochemistry of the syncollisional mafic–ultramafic 32 kbar. J. Petrol. 46(2), 275–290.
intrusions in the Dabie Moutains. Sci. China (Ser. D) 41(6), Prowatke S. and Klemme S. (2005) Effect of melt composition on
632–638. the partitioning of trace elements between titanite and silicate
Li S. G., Xiao Y. L., Liou D. L., Chen Y. Z., Ge N. J., Zhang Z. melt. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69(3), 695–709.
Q., Sun S. S., Cong B. L., Zhang R. Y., Hart S. R. and Wang S. Pertermann, M., Hirschmann, M. M., Hametner, K., Gunther, D.
S. (1993) Collision of the North China and Yangtse Blocks and and Schmidt, M. W. (2004) Experimental determination of
Formation of Coesite-Bearing Eclogites – Timing and Pro- trace element partitioning between garnet and silica-rich liquid
cesses. Chem. Geol. 109(1–4), 89–111. during anhydrous partial melting of MORB-like eclogite.
Liu D. Y., Jian P., Kroener A. and Xu S. T. (2006) Dating of Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 5(Q05A01). doi:10.1029/
prograde metamorphic events deciphered from episodic zircon 2003GC000638.
growth in rocks of the Dabie-Sulu UHP complex, China. Earth Qian C. C., Lu Y. L. and Liu L. L. (2004) Geochemical
Planet. Sci. Lett. 250, 650–666. characteristics and genesis of Yanshanian granite in the Dabie
Liu Y., Liu X. M., Hu Z. C., Diwu C. R., Yuan H. L. and Gao S. ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. Geol. China 31(2),
(2007a) Evaluation of accuracy and long-term stability of 147–154.
determination of 37 trace elements in geological samples by Rapp R. (1995) Amphibole-out phase boundary in partially melted
ICP-MS. Acta Petrol. Sinica 23(5), 1203–1210. metabasalt, its control over liquid fraction and composition,
Liu Y. C., Li S. G. and Xu S. T. (2007b) Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and source permeability. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 15601–15610.
dating for gneisses in northern Dabie high TIP metamorphic Rapp R. and Watson E. B. (1995) Dehydration melting of
zone, central China: implications for decoupling within sub- metabasalt at 8–32 kbar: implications for continental growth
ducted continental crust. Lithos 96(1–2), 170–185. and crust-mantle recycling. J. Petrol. 36, 891–931.
Ludwig, K. R. (2001) Users manual for isoplot/Ex (rev.2.4.9): a Rapp, R., Watson, E. B. and MIller, C. F. (1991) Partial melting of
geochronological toolkit for microsoft excel. Berkeley Geo- amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites
chronol. Center. Special Publication, No. 1a, p. 55. and tonalities. Precambrian Res. 51.
Ma C. Q., Ehlers C., Xu C. H., Li Z. C. and Yang K. G. (2000) The Rapp R. P., Shimizu N., Norman M. D. and Applegate G. S.
roots of the Dabieshan ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic ter- (1999) Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in
rane: constraints from geochemistry and Nd–Sr isotope sys- the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3.8 GPa. Chem.
tematics. Precambrian Res. 102, 279–301. Geol. 160(4), 335–356.
Ma C. Q., Li Z. C., Ehlers C., Yang K. G. and Wang R. J. (1998) A Richards J. R. and Kerrich R. (2007) Special paper: Adakite-like
post-collisional magmatic plumbing system: mesozoic granitoid rocks: their diverse origins and questionable role in metallo-
plutons from the Dabieshan high-pressure and ultrahigh- genesis. Econ. Geol. 102, 537–576.
pressure metamorphic zone, east-central China. Lithos 45, Rudnick R. L. and Gao S. (2003) Composition of the continental
431–456. crust. In the Crust (ed. R.L. Rudnick), 3 Treatise on
Ma C. Q., Yang K. G., Ming H. L. and Lin G. C. (2003) The age of Geochemistry (eds. H.D. Holland and K.K. Turekian), Else-
transformation for the Mesozoic crust of the Dabie orogen vier-Pergamon, Oxford. pp. 1–64.
from compression to extension: evidences from granites. Sci. Sen C. and Dunn T. (1994) Dehydration melting of a basaltic
China (Ser. D) 33(9), 817–827. composition amphibolite at 1.5 and 2.0 GPa: implications for
Macpherson C. G., Dreher S. T. and Thirlwall M. F. (2006) the origin of adakites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 117(4), 394–
Adakites without slab melting: high pressure differentiation of 409.
island arc magma, Mindanao, the Philippines. Earth Planet. Shaw D. M. (1970) Trace element fractionation during anatexis.
Sci. Lett. 243(3–4), 581–593. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34(2), 237–243.
Skjerlie K. P. and Johnston A. D. (1996) Vapour-absent melting Xie Z., Zheng Y. F., Yan J. and Qian H. (2004) Source evolution
from 10 to 20 kbar of crustal rocks that contain multiple relationship between A-type granites and mafic rocks from
hydrous phases: implications for anatexis in the deep to very Shacun in Dabieshan. Acta Petrol. Sinica 20(5), 1175–1184.
deep continental crust and active continental margins. J. Petrol. Xie Z., Zheng Y. F., Zhao Z. F., Wu Y. B., Wang Z. R., Chen J. F.,
37(3), 661–691. Liu X. M. and Wu F. Y. (2006) Mineral isotope evidence for
Smithies R. H. (2000) The Archaean tonalite–trondhjemite–grano- the contemporaneous process of Mesozoic granite emplacement
diorite (TTG) series is not an analogue of Cenozoic adakite. and gneiss metamorphism in the Dabie orogen. Chem. Geol.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 182(1), 115–125. 231, 214–235.
Steiger R. H. and Jäger E. (1977) Subcommision on geochronol- Xiong X. L., Adam J. and Green T. H. (2005) Rutile stability and
ogy: convention on the use of decay constants in Geo- and rutile/melt HFSE partitioning during partial melting of hydrous
cosmochronology. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 36, 359–362. basalt: implications for TTG genesis. Chem. Geol. 218.
Sun S. S. and McDonough W. F. (1989) Chemical and isotopic Xu H. J., Ma C. Q. and Ye K. (2007) Early cretaceous granitoids
systematics of oceanic basalts: implication for mantle compo- and their implications for the collapse of the Dabie orogen,
sition and process. In: Magmatism in the Ocean Basins (eds. eastern China: SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating and geochemistry.
A.D. Saunders, M.J. Norry), 42, pp. 313–345. Chem. Geol. 240(3–4), 238–259.
Tang J., Zheng Y. F., Wu Y. B., Gong B., Zha X. P. and Liu X. M. Xu H. J., Ye K. and Ma C. Q. (2008) Early Cretaceous
(2008) Zircon U–Pb age and geochemical contraints on the granitoids in the North Dabie and their tectonic implications:
tectonic affinity of the Jiaodong terrane in the Sulu orogen, Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic evidences. Acta Petrol. Sinica
China. Precambrian Res. 161, 389–418. 24(1), 87–103.
Wang J. H. and Deng S. X. (2002) Emplacement age for the mafic– Xu J. F., Shinjo R., Defant M. J., Wang Q. and Rapp R. P. (2002)
ultramafic plutons in the northern Dabie Mts. (Hubei): Zircon U– Origin of Mesozoic adakitic intrusive rocks in the Ningzhen
Pb, Sm–Nd and 40Ar/39Ar dating. Sci. China (Ser. D) 45(1), 1–12. area of east China: partial melting of delaminated lower
Wang Q., McDermott F., Xu J. F., Bellon H. and Zhu Y. T. (2005) continental crust? Geology 30(12), 1111–1114.
Cenozoic K-rich adakitic volcanic rocks in the Hohxil area, Xu S. T., Okay A. I., Ji S. Y., Sengor A. M. C., Wen S., Liu Y. C.
northern Tibet: lower-crustal melting in an intracontinental and Jiang L. L. (1992) Diamond from the Dabie-Shan
setting. Geology 33(6), 465–468. metamorphic rocks and its implication for tectonic setting.
Wang Q., Wyman D. A., Xu J. F., Jian P., Zhao Z. H., Li C. F., Xu Science 256(5053), 80–82.
W., Ma J. L. and He B. (2007a) Early Cretaceous adakitic Xu X. J., Zhao Z. F., Zheng Y. F. and Wei C. S. (2005) Element
granites in the Northern Dabie Complex, central China: and isotope geochemistry of Mesozoic intermediate-felsic rocks
implications for partial melting and delamination of thickened at Tianzhushan in the Dabie orogen. Acta Petrol. Sinica 21(3),
lower crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71(10), 2609–2636. 607–622.
Wang Q., Wyman D. A., Xu J. F., Zhao Z. H., Jian P., Xiong X. Ye K., Yao Y. P., Katayama I., Cong B. L., Wang Q. C. and
L., Bao Z. W., Li C. F. and Bai Z. H. (2006) Petrogenesis of Maruyama S. (2000) Large areal extent of ultrahigh-pressure
Cretaceous adakitic and shoshonitic igneous rocks in the metamorphism in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure terrane of East
Luzong area, Anhui Province (eastern China): implications China: new implications from coesite and omphacite inclusions
for geodynamics and Cu–Au mineralization. Lithos 89(3–4), in zircon of granitic gneiss. Lithos 52(1–4), 157–164.
424–446. Yuan X. C., Klemperer S. L., Teng W. B., Liu L. X. and Chetwin
Wang Q., Wyman D. A., Xu J. F., Zhao Z. H., Jian P. and Zi F. E. (2003) Crustal structure and exhumation of the Dabie shan
(2007b) Partial melting of thickened or delaminated lower crust ultrahigh-pressure orogen, eastern China, from seismic reflec-
in the middle of eastern China: implications for Cu–Au tion profiling. Geology 31(5), 435–438.
mineralization. J. Geol. 115(2), 149–161. Zhang H. F., Gao S., Zhong Z. Q., Zhang B. R., Zhang L. and Hu
Wang Q., Xu J. F., Zhao Z. H., Bao Z. W., Xu W. and Xiong X. L. S. H. (2002) Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions
(2004a) Cretaceous high-potassium intrusive rocks in the of Cretaceous granitoids: constraints on tectonic framework
Yueshan–Hongzhen area of east China: adakites in an exten- and crustal structure of the Dabieshan ultrahigh-pressure
sional tectonic regime within a continent. Geochem. J. 38(5), metamorphic belt, China. Chem. Geol. 186, 281–299.
417–434. Zhang C., Ma C. Q. and Holtz F. (2010) Origin of high-Mg
Wang Q., Zhao Z. H., Bao Z. W., Xu J. F., Liu W., Li C. F., Bai Z. adakitic magmatic enclaves from the Meichuan pluton, south-
H. and Xiong X. L. (2004b) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of ern Dabie orogen (central China): Implications for delamina-
the Tongshankou and Yinzu adakitic intrusive rocks and the tion of the lower continental crust and melt-mantle interaction.
associated porphyry copper–molybdenum mineralization in Lithos 119, 467–484.
southeast Hubei, east China. Resour. Geol. 54(2), 137–152. Zhang Q., Wang Y., Qian Q., Yang J. H., Wang Y. L., Zhao T. P.
Wang X., Liou J. G. and Mao H. J. (1989) Coesite-bearing and Guo G. J. (2001) The characteristics and tectonic–metall-
eclogites from the Dabie Mountains in central China. Geology ogenic significances of the adakites in Yanshan period from
17, 1085–1088. eastern China. Acta Petrol. Sinica 17(02), 236–244.
Watkins J. M., Clemens J. D. and Treloar P. J. (2007) Archean TTGs Zhang S. B., Zheng Y. F., Wu Y. B., Zhao Z. F., Gao S. and Wu F.
as sources of younger granitic magmas: melting of sodic meta- Y. (2006) Zircon U–Pb age and Hf–O isotope evidence for
tonalites at 0.6–1.2 GPa. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 154, 91–110. Paleoproterozoic metamorphic event in South China. Precam-
Weaver B. L. and Tarney J. (1984) Empirical approach to brian Res. 151, 265–288.
estimating the composition of the continental crust. Nature Zhang S. B., Zheng Y. F., Zhao Z. F., Wu Y. B., Yuan H. L. and
310, 575–577. Wu F. Y. (2009) Origin of TTG-like rocks from anatexis of
Williams I. S. (1998) U–Th–Pb geochronology by ion microprobe. ancient lower crust: geochemical evidence from neoproterozoic
Rev. Econ. Geol. 7, 1–35. granitoids in South China. Lithos 113, 347–368.
Xia Q.-X., Zheng Y.-F. and Zhou L.-G. (2008) Dehydration and Zhao X. F., Li J. W., Ma C. Q. and Lang Y. S. (2007a)
melting during continental collision: constraints from element Geohronology and geochemistry of the Gubei granodiorite,
and isotope geochemistry of low-T/UHP granitic gneiss in the north Huaiyang: implications for Mesozoic tectonic transition
Dabie orogen. Chem. Geol. 247(1–2), 36–65. of the Dabie orogen. Acta Petrol. Sinica 23(6), 1392–1402.
Zhao Z. F., Zheng Y. F., Chen R. X., Xia Q. X. and Wu Y. B. geochemistry of post-collisional mafic–ultramafic rocks from
(2007b) Element mobility in mafic and felsic ultrahigh-pressure the Dabie orogen in east-central China. Lithos 83, 1–28.
metamorphic rocks during continental collision. Geochim. Zhao Z. F. and Zheng Y. F. (2009) Remelting of subducted
Cosmochim. Acta 71, 5244–5266. continental lithosphere: Petrogenesis of Mesozoic magmatic
Zhao Z. F., Zheng Y. F., Wei C. S. and Wu Y. B. (2004) Zircon U– rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. Sci. China Ser. D. Earth
Pb age, element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of Mesozoic Sci. 2009, 52. doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0134-8.
intermediate-felsic rocks in the Dabie Mountains. Acta Petrol. Zheng Y. F., Fu B., Gong B. and Li L. (2003) Stable isotope
Sinica 20(5), 1151–1174. geochemistry of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks from the
Zhao Z. F., Zheng Y. F., Wei C. S. and Wu Y. B. (2007c) Post- Dabie-Sulu orogen in China: implications for geodynamics and
collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen in China: Zircon fluid regime. Earth Sci. Rev. 62(1–2), 105–161.
U–Pb age, element and O isotope evidence for recycling of
subducted continental crust. Lithos 93, 248–272.
Associate editor: Steven B. Shirey
Zhao Z. F., Zheng Y. F., Wei C. S., Wu Y. B., Chen F. K. and
Jahn B. M. (2005) Zircon U–Pb age, element and C–O isotope

He 2011

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

He 2011

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

He 2011

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Available online at www.sciencedirect.

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 3815–3838

Post-collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen: New

Granitoid magmas have been widely used as a natural

Partial melting of a thickened lower continental crust

Y. He et al. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 3815–3838

Partial melting of a thickened lower continental crust

Y. He et al. / Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 3815–3838

Partial melting of a thickened lower continental crust

A (Dy/Yb)N (or (Gd/Yb)N) than the HSG (Fig. 8C). Melting

5.1.3. Intermediate-felsic or maﬁc source for the Dabie HSG?

5.1.4. Partial melting of thickened continental crust

You might also like