International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 7 Issue 2, March-April 2023 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Digital Signal Processing Applied in Mobile Communications

Pijush Kanti Bhattacharjee1, Koushik Pal2, Souman Bej3, Chirantan De4
1
Professor, 2Assistant Professor, 3,4M Tech Student,
1, 2, 3, 4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Nilgunj Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Pijush Kanti

Digital Signal Processing is an important software tool for several Bhattacharjee | Koushik Pal | Souman
functions over digital signal, and Digital Signal Processors are Bej | Chirantan De "Digital Signal
microprocessors and microcontrollers specifically manufactured for Processing Applied in Mobile
Communications"
the digital signal processing tasks. These DSP chips are used in
Published in
everything from mobile phones to advanced scientific equipment
International Journal
including medical instruments. “DSP” mean for hardware as Digital of Trend in
Signal Processor or chip, software developers use to mean “DSP” as Scientific Research
Digital Signal Processing. DSP has become a main functional and Development
component in communications, medical and industrial products. This (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- IJTSRD55133
paper describes the role of the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) in 6470, Volume-7 |
mobile communications from second to fifth generation. Mobile Issue-2, April 2023, pp.716-719, URL:
communications in present scenario (5G) advances a lot offering huge www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd55133.pdf
facilities like universal roaming with seamless connectivity, high data
transfer rates, site service capabilities and support for high-quality Copyright © 2023 by author (s) and
multimedia services worldwide by using digital signal processing International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
technique. In all steps of a mobile communications system,
Journal. This is an
application of DSP is done for carrying out effective work. It is Open Access article
observed that digital signal processing becomes back bone to mobile distributed under the
communications from second to fifth generation and so on. terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
KEYWORDS: Digital signal processing; Demodulation; (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
Microcontrollers; Microprocessors; Mobile communication; Voice
Signal

1. INTRODUCTION
Digital signal processing is an engineering software B. Less interference and distortion
technique that focuses on analyzing, modifying and C. Real-time communication
synthesizing signals, such as sound including voice or D. Increased productivity
speech signals, images, potential fields, seismic E. Enhanced tech skills and training
signals, altimetry processing, and scientific F. Increased knowledge or data sharing and
measurements. innovation
G. An expanded talent pool
In hardware, DSP means microprocessor and
H. Increased employee retention
microcontroller doing signal processing tasks and in
algorithm or software, DSP indicates the program Digital signal processing is performed by different
how to implement the tasks by the DSP chips or mathematical operations. Digital signal processors are
microprocessors. In this paper, DSP is meant for the microprocessors and microcontrollers specifically
application of digital signal processing tasks with the made for digital signal processing tasks. These
help of hardware chips and software programs both devices have an enormous growth during the last
[1]-[4]. decade, are used in everything from mobile phones to
Now-a-days, digital communication becomes very advanced scientific instruments.
much popular over analog communication due to In this paper, the application of digital signal
following reasons: processing in mobile communications field is
A. Noise immunity, i.e., Ratio of Signal Power to enlightened and it is shown how DSP upgrades and
Noise Power is high boosts mobile communications in digital era.

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
2. Digital Signal Processing Characteristics etc., those have been digitized, and then
Natural signals such as human and animal’s voice, mathematically manipulate them. A DSP is designed
audio, video, temperature, pressure etc. are aperiodic for performing mathematical functions like ‘add’,
or non-periodic analog type, i.e., arbitrary changing ‘subtract’, ‘multiply’ and ‘divide’ very quickly. Fig. 1
their amplitudes with respect to time. Digital Signal shows the representation of an aperiodic natural
Processors (DSP) take real-world analog signals like analog signal in time domain and converting to digital
voice, audio, video, temperature, pressure, or position domain by DSP.

Fig. 1 An aperiodic signal represented in analog and digital form.

Digital signals can convey information with less Data acquisition and signal processing.
noise, distortion and interference. Digital circuits can Digital image and graphics processing.
be reproduced easily in mass quantities at Video compression and signal processing.
comparatively low costs. Digital signal processing is Speech recognition and processing.
more flexible, because the operation of digital signal RADAR, SONAR, and LiDAR signal processing
processor can be altered using digitally programmable and signal optimization.
systems. Seismic studies and data analysis.
Applications embedded digital signal processors are Digital Signal Processor: DSP is a microprocessor
primarily used in consumer products such as radio, and microcontroller specifically designed to process
printers, mobile phones and mobile exchanges, digital signals. Digital signal applications require
fax/modems, disk drives, medical and health care real-time data processing over an input stream of
devices, MP3 players, high-definition television digital values which is previously digitalized from an
(HDTV), and digital cameras [1]-[4]. analog signal, i.e., voice signal. For mobile
DSP technology enables the processing and communications, it is the subscribers’ voice signals.
A DSP processor does mathematically operations on
manipulation of sensory data obtained from a variety
of real-world sources. Visual images, sound waves, voice signals such as convert analog speech signal to
digital form, different algebraic functions, speech
and even seismic waves can all act as inputs for
digital signal processing. The general function of a signals analyzer, up sampling and down sampling of
the digitalized speech signal, encoder and decoder,
DSP is to measure, compress, or filter an analog
signal. multiplexing and demultiplexing, digital modulation
and demodulation of the speech signal, equalizer and
Digital signal processing is done for the following filter for noise reduction system and signal restoration
tasks: etc. In case of down sampling done for four samples,
Audio compression and signal processing. then one sample of the signal is taken out of four

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
consecutive signals, i.e., total number of samples are speech rate becomes 64 kbps/channel, this speech
divided by four. On the contrary, if up sampling done signal is down sampled to 16 kbps/channel to
for three samples, then total number of samples are accommodate more number of channels within a
increased by three times, i.e., multiplied by three. For certain bandwidth, i.e., four speech channel within 64
up sampling, the amplitude of extra samples kbps. It is known that in mobile communication, very
appended is generally taken as zero. limited bandwidth or spectrum is offered in all over the
world, e.g., for 2G and 3G mobile communications
3. Application of Digital Signal Processing in
800 MHz – 900 MHz or 1700 MHz – 1900 MHz. 4G
Mobile Communications
A basic speech recognition algorithm can be split into and 5G mobile communications use spectrum 600
MHz – 700 MHz, 1700 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz,
three states like listening, processing, and matching.
2500 MHz and 3300 MHz. Presently data rate is
In the listening phase, the DSP analyses the present
offered by 4G mobile communications 2 Mbps to 50
audio signal to determine if speech is present. When
Mbps and 5G mobile communications 50 Mbps to 1
speech is detected, the DSP starts to process the
Gbps [5]-[9].
information to describe the speech in a compact way.
The best example is that the processing of message Mobile communications from 3G are totally based on
packet switching technique dealt with various
signal through the BPSK modulation where it
processes the message signal and embeds with the computer servers and each packet has specific length
in byte, e.g., 53 byte/packet or 64 byte/packet etc.
carrier signal and transmits it through the air. Any
There are some bits allotted in each packet
processing of signal is done by the system. In the
implemented for error checking and error correction
above example, it is evident that the BPSK modulation
is a system. In general system is defined as the purpose. Therefore, mobile communications become
physical device which is used to process any kind of stable and reliable communications worldwide with
signal. Modulators, Demodulators, Multiplexers, good speech quality having very less error or noise by
Encoder, De-multiplexer, Decoder, etc., are all applying digital signal processing technique.
examples of the system. In other words, system is All natural signals having analog type such as voice
defined as the unit comprised of several elements used signals are aperiodic (non-periodic) signal going on
to perform some task. That is, the system is to process arbitrary sequence. Therefore, at the transmitter this
a given input signal to produce the desired output. analog aperiodic voice or speech signal is converted
The digital signal processor is the programmable to digital aperiodic voice signal having speech rate 64
device used to perform some operation on the input kbps according to Nyquist’s sampling theorem by
signal. Examples of such a processor are DSP processor. Then the digitized voice sample (64
microprocessor and microcontroller. The outputs of the kbps) is down sampled at the rate of 16 kbps/channel,
digital signal processor are also the digital signal. i.e., four number of voice channels are incorporated
in one 64 kbps band. Different encryption techniques
Finally the output digital signal from the processor unit
is send to the digital to analog converter, which like private and public key, hash function etc. are
introduced on the down sampled speech to adopt
recovers the desired output analog signals from the
digital output signals. In some situations, it is not security measure by DSP.
necessary to convert the digital signal into analog Thereafter, different digital modulation techniques
signal. For example, in the RADAR processing, it such as Frequency Division Multiple Access
estimates the information about the position and speed (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA),
of the aircraft. In this case, the position and speed of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK),
the aircraft is displayed in the digital display, in which Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Orthogonal
it does not require the conversion of the digital signal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or
into analog signal. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
1G mobile communication started at the time of (OFDMA) etc. are applied.
Second World War, was based on analog At the receiver, the modulated signal is dealt with
communication. Also that time digital signal denoising by Low Noise Filter, demodulated,
processing was not commenced in full swing. Later on decryption, up sampled, digital to analog conversion
2G mobile communication begins commercially in by digital signal processing technique to retrieve the
1975 as GSM (Global System for Mobile original base band or speech signal [5]-[9].
Communication) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple
4. Conclusion
Access) use digital signal processing in signal
It is observed that digital signal processing is applied
transmission and receiving sides both. At transmitter,
each and every stage of a mobile communications
first of all analog voice signal is digitized, then the

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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[6] S. Rappaport, Wireless Communication:
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Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall Pub Ltd,
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Communications, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill
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