International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583

Analysis and Design of Elevated Intez Water Tank

based on Normal Frame Staging Subjected to Seismic
Loading by Using Staad Pro Software
Venkata Raju Badanapuri
Executive Engineer, Water Resources Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, India
bvraju1766[at]gmail.com

Abstract: Water is as important commodity as food and air for the existence of life. All plants and animals must have water to survive. If
there was no water there would be no life on earth. As water is very precious and due to the scarcity of drinking water in day-to-day life one
has to take care of every drop. Anelevated Intez water tank is used to store water for fire protection and potable drinking water within a
designated area or community over the daily requirement. Elevated Intez tanks allow the natural force of gravity to produce consistent water
pressure throughout the system. Elevated Intez water tanks are one of the most important structures in earthquake high regions. In major
cities and also in rural areas elevated or overhead water tanks forms an integral part of water supply scheme. Based on the intended
application and needs of the distribution area, Elevated Intez water tanks can be engineered using a broad range of shapes, sizes, and
materials. Elevated Intez water tank is the most effective storing facility used for domestic or even industrial purpose. The design should be
based on the worst possible combination of loads, moments and shears arising from vertical loads and horizontal loads acting in any
direction when the tank is full as well as empty. These structures have large mass concentrated at the top of slender supporting structure
hence these structures are especially vulnerable to horizontal forces due to earthquake. In this research by performing the seismic analysis of
Intez elevated tank, what is deflection shape due to hydrostatic pressure then stresses, are analysed. Elevated Intez water tanks that are
inadequately analyzed and designed have suffered extensive damage during past earthquakes record. Hence it is important to check the
severity of these earthquake forces for particular region. In this paper presents the study of seismic performance of the elevated Intez water
tanks for high intensity seismic zones of India for various sections. Cracks can be prevented by avoiding the use of thick timber shuttering
which prevent the easy escape of heat of hydration from the concrete mass. Elevated Intez tank consist of a container at the top, supported on
a staging to transfer the load of the container to the foundation. Container consists of ‘a domical roof, cylindrical vertical wall, a conical
dome and a bottom dome. The staging consists of a frame work of columns and braces or a thin circular shaft. Generally, a column-brace
system is preferred as staging for elevated Intez tank. By considering all the requirements which are essential for economical construction, in
this research by performing the seismic analysis of elevated Intez tank is designed for population of around 5,926 people. The effect of height
of water tank in earthquake zones and section of tank on earthquake forces have been presented with the help of STAAD PRO software

Keywords: Types of tanks, Elevated Intez water tank, Tank Capacity, Hydrostatic pressure, Analysis, Design criteria as per IS code

1. Introduction property. Hence it is important to analyze the structure

properly for different natural calamities like earthquake,
Intez elevated water tanks are used extensively by cyclones, floods and typhoons etc. Past experiences revealed
municipalities and industries for water supply, firefighting that elevated water tanks were heavily damaged or collapsed
automatic systems, inflammable liquids and chemicals plant. during earthquakes and this might be due to the lack of
Thus, Water tanks plays a vital role for public utility as well as knowledge about the proper behaviour of supporting system of
industrial structure having basic purpose to secure constant the tank against dynamic effect and also due to improper
water supply from longer or shorter distance with sufficient geometrical selection of staging patterns. Lateral force is more
static head to the desired location under the effect of in tank full condition when compared to tank empty condition
gravitational force. With the rapid increase of human and hence tank full case is considered for seismic analysis.
population, demand for drinking water has increased by many Generally, no cracks are allowed to take place in any part of
fields. Also due to shortage of electricity at many places in the structure of Liquid Retaining R-C.C. tanks and they are
India and around the developing nations, it is not possible to made water tight by using richer mix(not less than M30 grade)
supply water through pumps at peak hours. In such situations of concrete. In addition, sometimes water proofing materials
elevated water tanks become an important part of life. India is also are used to make tanks water tight. The risk of cracking
highly vulnerable to natural disasters like earthquake, can also be minimized by reducing the restraints on free
draughts, floods, cyclones etc. Majority of Indian states and expansion or contraction of the structure. The main reason for
union territories are prone to one or multiple disasters. These life loss is collapse of structures. It is said that natural
natural calamities are causing many causalities and huge calamities itself never kills people; it is badly constructed
natural property loss every year. According to seismic code IS structure that kill. Hence it is important to analyse the structure
1893(Part-1):2002, more than 60% of India is prone to properly for different natural calamities like earthquake,
earthquakes. The main reason for life loss is collapse of cyclones, floods and typhoons etc. The main reason for life
structures It is said that natural calamities itself never kills loss during region. Since the Intez elevated tanks are
people; it is badly constructed structure that kill or damaged frequently used in seismically active regions also, their seismic
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583
behaviour of has to be investigated in detail by using STAAD inforcement, if provided is ignored for the determination of
PRO software. strength of the structures.

2. Literature Review vi. IS: 875 (Part 5) – 1987 for Load Combinations: Indian
Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than
i. Zone factor Z: (IS: 1893. Clause.6.4.2.) Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures, the various loads
Earthquake severity has been classified into zones on the basis should be combined in accordance with the stipulations in the
of maximum ground acceleration based on past earthquake relevant design codes. In the absence of such
data. India has been divided into four seismic zones (page 5 of recommendations, the following loading combinations,
IS 1893 (Part–1):2002) for the Maximum Considered whichever combination produces the most unfavorable effect
Earthquake (MCE) and service life of the structure in a zone. in the building, foundation or wind, earthquake, imposed and
The map is based on expected intensity of ground shaking but snow loads is not likely. All members are designed for the
does not consider the frequency of occurrence. In seismic zone critical forces.
map, zone-I and zone -II of the contemporary map have been
merged and assigned the level of zone-II. Zone II has lowest vii. IS: 3370 (part 1&2) is given in the paper. Elevated tank is
danger or risk while Zone - V has highest hazards. used to store water for supplying it to the consumer. BIS has
revised the version of IS: 3370 (part 1&2). After an elongated
ii. IS: 875 (Part 1) – 1987 for Dead Loads: Indian Standard time from its 1965 version in year 2009. The code is drafted
Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) for the water tank. Limit state method is included in this new
For Buildings and Structures, all permanent constructions of version. This paper gives the brief study on the design of Intez
the structure form the dead loads. The dead load comprises of water tank using limit state method. This edition adopts limit
the weights of walls, partitions floor finishes, false ceilings state method with these additions. Cracking width of limit
false floors and the other permanent constructions in the state design is limited and second addition is it limits the
buildings. The dead load loads may be calculated from the stresses in steel so that concrete does not reaches in over
dimensions of various members and their unit weights. The stressed zone. IS: 3370 (Part 2) 2009. Grade of concrete is
unit weights of plain concrete and reinforced concrete made taken as M30, as minimum grade of concrete for RCC
with sand and gravel or crushed natural stone aggregate may structures is M30 as per IS: 3370 (Part1) 2009. As per
be taken as 24 kN/𝑚3 and 25kN/𝑚3 respectively. discussion above, the water tank was designed by the
following two design methods.
iii. IS: 875 (Part 2) - 1987 for Imposed Loads, Indian
Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than 1) Limit state design method with crack width calculations
Earthquake), For Buildings and Structures, imposed load is and check in accordance IS: 3370 (2009).
produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building 2) Limit state design method deemed to satisfy (limiting steel
including the weight of movable partitions, distributed and stresses in accordance IS: 3370 (2009).
concentrated loads, load due to impact and vibration and dust
loads. Imposed loads do not include loads due to wind, seismic viii. IS 11682-1985- Layout of Elevated Tanks: Generally, the
activity, snow, and loads imposed due to temperature changes shape and size of elevated concrete tanks for economical
to which the structure will be subjected to, creep and shrinkage design depends upon the functional requirements such as:
of the structure, the differential settlements to which the
structure may undergo. a) Maximum depth for water.
b) Height of staging;
iv. IS:1893(Part-1)-2002: Indian Standard Criteria for c) Allowable bearing capacity of foundation strata and type of
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, (Part 1-General foundation suitable;
Provisions and Buildings), It deals with assessment of seismic d) Capacity of tank; and
loads on various structures and earthquake resistant design of e) Other site conditions.
buildings. Its basic provisions are applicable to buildings;
elevated structures; industrial and stack like structures; Classification and Layout of Elevated Tanks - Based on the
bridges; concrete masonry and earth dams; embankments and capacities of the tank, the possible classification for types of
retaining walls and other structures. Temporary elements such elevated tanks may be as followed for general guidance.
as scaffolding, temporary excavations need not be designed for
earthquake forces. 1) For tank up to 50 m3 capacity may be square or circular in
shape and supported on staging three or four columns.
v. IS 456 -2000: Indian standard code of practice for plain and 2) Tanks of capacity above 50 m3 and up to 200 m3 rnay be
reinforced concrete (fourth revision), Bureau of Indian square or circular in plan and supported on minimum four
Standards. This standard deals with the general structural use columns.
of plain and reinforced concrete. For the purpose of this 3) For capacity above 200 m3 and up to 800 m3 the tank may
standard, plain concrete structures are those where re be square, rectangular, circular or intez type tank.

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The number of columns to be adopted shall be decided based 0.09
𝑇𝑎 =
on the column spacing which normally lies between 3.6 and √𝑑
4.5 m. Where, h = Height of building in m, and d = Base dimension
of the building at the plinth level, in m, along the considered
For circular, intez or conical tanks, a shaft supporting direction of the lateral force.
structures may be provided. Different shapes of water towers
with certain arrangements of bottom construction are shown in xii. Distribution of Design Force:
Fig. 1 to 4 ofIS 11682 -1985. Besides the general shapes given Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to Different Floor Level.
in IS 11682 -1985 Cl. 6.1.1 to 6.1.4, tanks of unusual shapes, The design base shear (𝑉𝑏 ) shall be distributed along theheight
such as spherical, conical or multicell may also be adopted of the building as per the following expression:
depending upon the discretion of the designer. 𝑊𝑖 ℎ𝑖 2
𝑄𝑖 = 𝑉𝐵 𝑛
ix. Design Lateral Force: ∑𝑗=1 𝑊𝑗 ℎ𝑗 2
The design lateral force shall first be computed for the
building as a whole. This design lateral force shall then be Where, 𝑄𝑖 = Design lateral force at floor i,
distributed to the various floor levels. The overall design
seismic force thus obtained at each floor level shall then be 3. Types of Water Tanks
distributed to individual lateral load resisting elements
depending on the floor diaphragm action. There are several types of water tank according to the shape,
position with respect to ground level etc. From the position
x. Design Seismic Base Shear: point of view and placement of tank, water tanks are divided
The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear (𝑉𝐵 ) into three classes. Those are,
along any principal direction shall be determined by the a) Tanks resting on ground
following expression: b) Underground tanks
𝑉𝐵 = 𝐴ℎ 𝑊 c) Overhead water tanks
Where, 𝐴ℎ = horizontal acceleration spectrum using the d) From state of tank, water tanks might be named types.
fundamental natural period in the considered direction of These are,
vibration. • Circular tanks
𝑍 𝑆𝑎
• Conical or channel formed tanks
2 𝑔
𝐴ℎ = 𝑅 • Rectangular tanks
𝐼 • Intez tanks
where, z = Zone factor • circular tank with conical bottom
I - Importance factors • Spherical Tanks
R - Response reduction factor
𝑆𝑎/𝑔 = Average acceleration response coefficient for 4. Water Quantity Estimation:
approximate, natural period of vibration 𝑇𝑎 to be determined.
W = seismic weight of all the floors of building The quantity of water required for municipal uses for which
the water supply scheme has to be designed requires following
The seismic coefficient method does not need theoretical data: Water consumption rate (Per Capita Demand in liters per
concepts of structural dynamics and modal analysis. day per head) Population to be served.
xi. Fundamental Natural Period: Quantity=Per demand x Population
The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (𝑇𝑎 ),
in seconds, of a moment resisting frame building without brick
in the panels may be estimated by the following empirical
expression:
𝑇𝑎 = 0.075 ℎ0.75 for RC frame building
𝑇𝑎 = 0.085 ℎ0.75 for steel frame building
Where, H = Height of building, in m.

This excludes the basement story’s, where basement walls are

connected with the ground floor deck or fitted between the
building columns. But it includes the basement stores, when
they are not so connected. The approximate fundamental 5. Water Consumption Rate
natural period of vibration (T), in seconds, of all other
buildings, including moment-resisting frame buildings with It is very difficult to precisely assess the quantity of water
brick lintel panels, may be estimated by the empirical demanded by the public, since there are many variable factors
Expression: affecting water consumption. The various types of water

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demand, which a city may have, may be broken into following 9) Foundations: A combined footing is usually provided for
class all supporting columns. When this is done it is usual to
make the foundation consisting of a ring girder and a
6. Water Requirements for drinking and circular slab.
domestic use: National Building Code 2016, 10) Problem on Elevated Intez Tank
Design an elevated INTZE type water tank of 800m3
BIS supported onan elevated tower comprising of 12 columns.
The base of the tank is 16 m above ground level. Adopt
The value of water supply given as 150 to 200 liter per head M-30 grade concrete and Fe-415 grade tor steel. The
per day may be reduced to 135 liter per head per day for design of the tank should confirm to the stresses specified
houses for Medium Income Group (MIG) and Lowe Income in IS:3370-1965 and IS:456-2000
Groups (LIG) and Economically Weaker Section of Society
(EWS), depending upon prevailing conditions and availability 11) Dimensions of Intez Tank
of water. Out of the 150 to 200 liter per head per day, 45 liter D = Inside diameter of tank
per head per day may be taken for flushing requirements and
the remaining quantity for other domestic purposes. Assuming the average depth 0.75 D
π
Quantity=Per demand x Population a. Volume = D2 x 0.75 D
= 135 x 5,926x 0.001 = 800.01m3 or say 800m3 4
D
b. Rise of top dome = = ℎ1
7. Structural Elements of Elevated Intez Tank 6
𝐷
c. Rise of bottom dome = = ℎ2
The various structural elements of an elevated INTZE type 8
D
water tank comprises of the following: d. Depth of conical dome = = h0
1. Top spherical dome 6
2. Top ring beam 5
e. Diameter of ring beam B2 = 𝐷0 = 𝐷
3. Circular side walls 8
4. Bottom ring beam f. Exact volume of Intez tank
5. Conical dome 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑉 = 𝐷2 ℎ + ℎ0 [𝐷2 + 𝐷0 2 + 𝐷𝐷0 ] − ℎ2 2 (3𝑅2 − ℎ2 )
6. Bottom spherical dome 4 12 3
7. Bottom circular girder
8. Tower with columns and braces
9. Foundations
1) Top Spherical Dome: The dome at top is usually 100 mm
to150 mm thick with reinforcement along the meridians
and latitudes. The rise is usually l/5th of the span.
2) Top Ring Beam: The ring beam is necessary to resist the
horizontal component of the thrust of the dome. The ring
beam will be designed for the hoop tension induced.
3) Cylindrical Side Walls: This has to be designed for hoop
tension caused due to horizontal water pressure.
4) Bottom Ring Beam: This ring beam is provided to resist
the horizontal component of the reaction of the conical
wall on the cylindrical wall. The ring beam will be
designed for the induced hoop tension.
5) Conical Dome: This will be designed for hoop tension
due to water pressure. The slab will also be designed as a
slab spanning between the ring beams at top and the ring
girder at bottom.
6) Bottom Spherical Dome: The floor may be circular or
domed. This slab is supported on the ring girder.
7) Bottom Circular Girder: This will be designed to support 𝐷 2
ℎ1 (2𝑅1 − ℎ1 ) = ( )
the tank and its contents. The girder will be supported on 2
columns and should be designed for resulting bending Find R1 , sin ∅1 , cos ∅1
moment and Torsion. Similarly, R 2 , sin ∅2 , cos ∅2
8) Columns: These are to be designed for the total load 𝐷 𝐷
transferred to them. The columns will be braced at 2 2
sin ∅1 = [ ] , sin ∅2 = [ ]
intervals and have to be designed for wind pressure or 𝑅1 𝑅2
seismic loads whichever govern.

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8. Design and Analysis of Elevated Intez Water 10. Equivalent Static Analysis
Tank
All design against seismic loads must consider the dynamic
The RC Elevated Intez water container of 800m3 capacity has nature of the load. However, for simple regular structures,
inner diameter of 12 m and height of 7 m (including freeboard analysis by equivalent linear static methods is often sufficient.
of 0.3 m). It is supported on RC staging consisting of 12 This is permitted in most codes of practice for regular, low- to
columns. Staging columns have isolated rectangular footings medium-rise structures It begins with an estimation of base
at a depth of 2m from ground level. Tank is located on shear load and its distribution on each story calculated by
medium soil in seismic zone III, and IV. Grade of staging using formulas given in the code. Equivalent static analysis
concrete and steel are M 30 and Fe415, respectively. Density can therefore work well for low to medium-rise structures
of concrete is 25 kN/m3 . Analyzed the tank for seismic loads. without significant coupled lateral-torsional modes, in which
The tank is analysed for full water filled condition, and tank in only the first mode in each direction is considered. Tall
empty condition. Considered Zone III, and IV (as per IS 1893 buildings (over, say, 75 m), where second and higher modes
-1984 and IS 1893:2002) for analysis. can be important, or buildings with torsional effects, are much
less suitable for the method, and require more complex
methods to be used in these circumstances.
9. Modelling and Analysis
For the analysis of elevated Intez type water tank following 11. Methodology
dimensions are considered which arein table 2, 3 below. The
maximum value of forces and moments obtained from The design base shear is computed by STAAD for building
STAAD Pro gives the maximum load to which the tank is structures as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) 2002.
subjected and thus critical. The check for critical members 𝑉𝐵 = 𝐴ℎ . 𝑊
from STAAD Pro also reveals that the tank is stable for 𝑍 𝐼 𝑆𝑎
maximum forces and moments. Analysis of the structure Where, 𝐴ℎ =
2𝑅 𝑔
means to determination of the internal forces like axial
compression bending moment, shear force etc. in the
component member for which the member is to be designed Table 2: Intez tank Parameters and Description
under the action of given external load and various effect of Parameters Dimensions/ Description
Height of the tank 25.7 m
earthquake. From the study of the elevated Intez type water
Top Diameter of Tank (D) 12 m
tank, main objective is to know deflected shape, stresses and
Rise of top dome (h1) 2m
B.M. for the same. Rise of bottom dome (h2) 1.5 m
Depth of conical dome (h0) 2m
Diameter of ring beam (D0) 8m
Straight Height (linear) 16 m
Circular ring beam (m) 1.1 x 0.68
Middle ring beam (m) 1.1 x 0.68
Top ring beam (m) 0.3 x 0.3
Number of columns 12 Nos
Height of Cylindrical Wall (h) 5m
Thickness of Cylindrical Wall 200 mm
Thickness of top dome 100 mm
Thickness of conical dome 200 mm
Thickness of bottom dome 200 mm
Depth of foundation 2 m below GL
Safe bearing Capacity 250 kN/m2

Table 3: Intez tank Parameters and Description

Seismic Zone III IV
Column Type: Circular (m) 0.58 0.68
Bracings (m) 0.35x 0.48 0.45x 0.58

Table 4: Staircase parameters and description

Seismic Zone III IV
Column Type: Rectangular (m) 0.23x 0.30 0.23x 0.30
Beams (m) 0.23x 0.30 0.23x 0.30
Thickness of plate (mm) 150 150

Figure 1: Elevation of Intex Water Tank

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Table 5: Seismic Constants which are considered for
calculation
S. No Constant Zone III Zone IV Remarks
Structures considered in Zone
1 Z 0.16 0.24
III and IV
2 I 1.5 1.5 Importance Factor
3 R 5 5 Response Reduction Factor

STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate the lateral

seismic loads:
1) We provide seismic zone coefficient and desired 1893
specs through the DEFINE 1893 LOAD command.
2) The program calculates the structure period, 𝑇𝑎 .
3) The program calculates 𝑆𝑎 /g utilizing 𝑇𝑎 .
4) The program calculates 𝑉𝐵 from the above equation. W is
obtained from masstable data entered viaSELFWEIGHT,
JOINT WEIGHT(S), MEMBER WEIGHT(S), and/or
REFERENCE LOAD we provide through the
DEFINE1893 LOAD command.
5) The total lateral seismic load (base shear) is then
distributed by the program among different levels of the
structure per the IS: 1893(part -1) 2002 procedures
Figure 2: Proposed Model for Elevated Intez Water Tank
Table 6: Nodes, Elements, Plates
STRUCTURE TYPE SPACE FRAME
Number of Nodes 529 Highest Node 565
Number of Elements 231 Highest Beam 648
Number of Plates 413 Highest Plate 649

Table 7: Number of basic and combination load cases

Type L/C Name
Primary 1 EQ+X
Primary 2 EQ-X
Primary 3 EQ+Z
Primary 4 EQ-Z
Primary 5 Dead Load
Primary 6 Live Load
Primary 7 Hydrostatic Load
Combination 8 1.5 (DL+LL+HL)
Combination 9 1.2 (DL+LL+HL+EQX)
Combination 10 1.2 (DL+LL+HL-EQX) Figure 3: 3D Rendered View
Combination 11 1.2 (DL+LL+HL+EQZ)
Combination 12 1.2 (DL+LL+HL-EQZ)
Combination 13 1.5 (DL+EQX)
Combination 14 1.5 (DL-EQX)
Combination 15 1.5 (DL+EQZ)
Combination 16 1.5 (DL-EQX)
Combination 17 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQX
Combination 18 0.9 DL-1.5 EQX Figure 4: Earthquake +X direction
Combination 19 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQZ
Combination 20 0.9 DL - 1.5 EQZ

Figure 5: Earthquake +Z direction

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12. Analysis and Results

Table 8: Base Shear (kN) (Tank empty condition in Seismic Zone III)
Base Shear (kN) Figure 7: Maximum Bending Moment Diagram in EQ+X-
h/d No. direction)
S. No Condition Seismic Seismic
ratio Columns
Zone III Zone IV
1 Think empty 0.558 12 231 385
2 Tank with water full 0.558 12 1008 1551

Graph 1: Seismic Zones Vs Base Shear (kN)

(Tank empty condition)
(Tank empty condition in Seismic Zone III)
Figure 8: Maximum Bending Moment Diagram in EQ +Z-
direction

Graph 2: Seismic Zones Vs Base Shear (kN)

(Tank with Water Full Condition)

(Tank with full water filled condition in Seismic Zone III)

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Figure 9: Maximum Bending Moment Diagram in EQ +X-
direction

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TIE REINFORCEMENT: Provide 8 mm dia. circular ties @

300 mm c/c for column No 79 in Seismic Zone III, as shown
in fig 15.

TIE REINFORCEMENT: Provide 8 mm dia. circular ties @

255 mm c/c for column No. 79 in Seismic Zone IV as shown
in fig 18.

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reinforcement which is provided in the elevated Intez water
13. Result and Discussion structure can be reduced because the moments obtained in the
analysis are high. The basic need of any structure is to design
In this research work, using normal staging arrangements, as economical as possible reinforcement in a structure plays an
twelve number of columns, and h/d ratio 0.558, following important key role in the elevated Intez water tank and it
conclusions were drawn, and these are illustrated as: should not be over reinforced.

Base Shear References

From graph 1, it is observed that the tank empty condition and
the base shear is high in seismic zone IV, compare to, another [1] IS 3370-2 (2009) Code of Practice Concrete structures for
for tank empty condition in seismic zone III. Similarly, from the storage of liquids, Part 2 Reinforced concrete,Bureau
graph 2, it is observed that the tank with full water condition of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
and the base shear is high in seismic zone IV, compare to, [2] IS 3370-4 (1967) Code of practice for concrete structures
another for tank with full water condition in seismic zone III. for the storage of liquids, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi.
Maximum Moments [3] IS 1893-1984 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
From graph 3, it is observed that the maximum value of Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
moments is high for the tank empty condition in seismic zone [4] IS: 1893 (Part-1) - 2002: Indian Standard Criteria for
IV, compare to another for the tank empty condition in seismic Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, (Part 1-
zone III. Similarly, from graph 4,it is observed that the General Provisions and Buildings) Bureau of Indian
maximum value of moments is high for the tank with full Standards, New Delhi.
water condition in seismic zone IV, compare to another for the [5] IS 11682: Criteria for design of RCC staging for overhead
tank with full water condition in seismic zone III. water tanks. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[6] Draft IS: 1893 (Part-II liquid Retaining Tanks) Criteria for
Maximum Axial Force Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Bureau of
From graph 5, it is observed that the maximum value of axial Indian standards, New Delhi, India.
forces is high for the tank empty condition in seismic zone IV, [7] IS: 875 (Part 1) – 1987For Dead Loads - Code of Practice
compare to, another for the tank empty condition in seismic for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings
zone III. Similarly, from graph 6, it is observed that the and Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
maximum value of axial forces is high for the tank with full [8] IS: 875 (Part 2) - 1987 for Imposed Loads - Code of
water condition in seismic zone IV, compare to another for the Practice for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake), For
tank with full water condition in seismic zone III. Buildings and Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi.
Maximum Shear Force [9] IS 456 -2000 - Code of practice for plain and reinforced
From graph 7, it is observed that the maximum value of shear concrete (fourth revision), Bureau of Indian Standards.
forces is high for the tank empty condition in seismic zone IV, New Delhi.
compare to another for the tank empty condition in seismic [10] IS: 875 (Part 5) – 1987 for Load Combinations: Indian
zone III. Similarly, from graph 8,it is observed that the Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than
maximum value of shear forces is high for the tank with full Earthquake). Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi.
water condition in seismic zone IV, compare to another for the [11] IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for Seismic Design of Liquid
tank with full water condition in seismic zone III. Storage Tanks Provisions with commentary and
explanatory examples.
Maximum Displacements [12] S. Ramamrutham, Design of Reinforced Concrete
From graph 9, it is observed that the maximum value of Structures. 17th Edition. 2016.
displacements is high for the tank empty condition in seismic [13] U. Ranga Raju, B. Dead name. Effect of Staging Height
zone III, compare to another for the tank empty condition in on the Seismic Performance of RC Elevated Water Tank.
seismic zone IV. Similarly, from graph 10, it is observed that 2015. http://www.ijirset.
the maximum value of displacements is high for the tank with [14] P. B. Murnal, S. K. Jangave1. Structural Assessment of
full water condition in seismic zone III, compare to another for Circular Overhead Water Tank Based onFrame
tank with full water condition in seismic zone IV. Staging Subjected to Seismic Loading. 2014.
www.ijetae.com.
14. Conclusion [15] A. M. Kalani S. A. Salpekar (1978), ―A comparative
study of different methods of analysis for staging of
It is observed that the Limit State Design of Reinforced elevatedwater tanks, Indian Concrete Journal, July August
Concrete Elevated Intez water tank by using STAAD PRO – 1978, Pg. No.210-216.
Software. The moments are high for the tank with full water [16] S. S. Quadri, R. M. Sawant - Seismic Analysis of RC
condition in seismic Zone IV, compare to another for tank Elevated Water Tank Using Different Staging Pattern,
with full water condition in seismic zone III. The

Volume 10 Issue 3, March 2021

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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21304202006 DOI: 10.21275/SR21304202006 730
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2019): 7.583
IJSEA (2016), Vol 3 issue 1Pg. No 1 - 22 @Journals
Publication 2016.www.journalspublications.com

Author Profile
Er Venkata Raju Badanapuri, Executive Engineer,
Water Resources Department, Government of Andhra
Pradesh, India. His educational Qualifications includes
Institute of Engineers India, C.E (India), F.I.E. He did
Post-Graduation in M.Tech (Structural Engineering), J.N.T
University, Hyderabad. He did B.E.(Civil), Andhra University,
Vishakhapatnam. He has following Journal Publications in his name:

Indian Scenario of Water Resources - An Overview, Integrated

Water Management and Major Issues related to Indian Waters "
inISSN:2321-7758, Vol.6., Issue.5, 2018 Sept-Oct., PP 64-70,
International Journal of Engineering Research by Venkata Raju
Badanapuri.

“On Overview of Integrated theory of Irrigation efficiency and

Uniformity and Crop Water Use Efficiency Indian Waters
"InISSN:2321-7758, Vol.6., Issue.6, 2018 Nov-Dec., PP 11-26,
International Journal of Engineering Research by Venkata Raju
Badanapuri.

Water Resources Scenario in India its Requirement, Water

Degradation and Pollution, Water Resources Management -in
ISSN:2348-6848, Volume 05 Issue 23December2018, PP 672-696,
International Journal of Research by Venkata Raju Badanapuri.

Seismic Forces and Stability Analysis of Gravity Dam - in ISSN 2319

-7064, Volume 08 Issue 06 June2019, PP 2021- 2030, International
Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)by Venkata Raju Badanapuri.

Design Principles that are involved in the design of Flow over an

Ogee Crest Spillway in ISSN2319 -7064Volume 08 Issue 08August
2019, PP 245- 254, International Journal of Science andResearch
(IJSR)by Venkata Raju Badanapuri.

Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multistoried Building in Seismic

Zone-III, in ISSN 2319 -7064Volume 10 Issue 02February 2021, PP
86- 96, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) by
Venkata Raju Badanapuri.

Volume 10 Issue 3, March 2021

www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21304202006 DOI: 10.21275/SR21304202006 731