Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 22 views

    TGS - Aerodinamika - Desain Pesawat Dengan 3 Penumpang

    Uploaded by

    Abdullah Azyam Dhiyaa Ulhaq
    The document describes the design of a small aircraft intended to carry 3 passengers and a pilot. It estimates the aircraft's performance specifications such as maximum speed, range, ceiling, stall speed, takeoff and landing distances. Calculations are shown to determine the takeoff gross weight based on the crew and passenger weights. Further calculations determine the thrust and power requirements to meet constraints for takeoff, rate of climb, and maximum cruising speed/altitude. The minimum required engine power is determined to be 173 horsepower to satisfy the rate of climb specification. A Beechcraft Bonanza is identified as an appropriate aircraft type based on its power-to-weight ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    TGS - Aerodinamika - Desain Pesawat Dengan 3 Penumpang

    Uploaded by

    Abdullah Azyam Dhiyaa Ulhaq
    22 views11 pages
    The document describes the design of a small aircraft intended to carry 3 passengers and a pilot. It estimates the aircraft's performance specifications such as maximum speed, range, ceiling, stall speed, takeoff and landing distances. Calculations are shown to determine the takeoff gross weight based on the crew and passenger weights. Further calculations determine the thrust and power requirements to meet constraints for takeoff, rate of climb, and maximum cruising speed/altitude. The minimum required engine power is determined to be 173 horsepower to satisfy the rate of climb specification. A Beechcraft Bonanza is identified as an appropriate aircraft type based on its power-to-weight ratio.

    Original Title

    TGS_AERODINAMIKA_DESAIN PESAWAT DENGAN 3 PENUMPANG

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes the design of a small aircraft intended to carry 3 passengers and a pilot. It estimates the aircraft's performance specifications such as maximum speed, range, ceiling, stall speed, takeoff and landing distances. Calculations are shown to determine the takeoff gross weight based on the crew and passenger weights. Further calculations determine the thrust and power requirements to meet constraints for takeoff, rate of climb, and maximum cruising speed/altitude. The minimum required engine power is determined to be 173 horsepower to satisfy the rate of climb specification. A Beechcraft Bonanza is identified as an appropriate aircraft type based on its power-to-weight ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views11 pages

    TGS - Aerodinamika - Desain Pesawat Dengan 3 Penumpang

    Uploaded by

    Abdullah Azyam Dhiyaa Ulhaq
    The document describes the design of a small aircraft intended to carry 3 passengers and a pilot. It estimates the aircraft's performance specifications such as maximum speed, range, ceiling, stall speed, takeoff and landing distances. Calculations are shown to determine the takeoff gross weight based on the crew and passenger weights. Further calculations determine the thrust and power requirements to meet constraints for takeoff, rate of climb, and maximum cruising speed/altitude. The minimum required engine power is determined to be 173 horsepower to satisfy the rate of climb specification. A Beechcraft Bonanza is identified as an appropriate aircraft type based on its power-to-weight ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    DESAIN PESAWAT DENGAN 3 PENUMPANG

    Disusun Oleh :
    Abdullah Azyam Dhiyaa Ulhaq (D021 20 1049)
    Muh. Ahsan Ridwan (D021 20 1029)
    Nur Basith Kadir (D021 18 1018)

    DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK MESIN


    FAKULTAS TEKNIK
    UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
    2023
    ESTIMASI

    • Maximum level speed : 250 mi/h = 366,7 ft/s = 402,8 km/h


    • Range : 400 mi = 2.112.000 ft = 643,738 km
    • Ceiling (ketinggian jelajah) : 20.000 ft = 6096 m
    • Rate of climb at sea level : 1200 ft/min = 20 ft/s
    • Stalling speed : 70 mi/h = 102,7 ft/s = 112,6 km/h
    • Landing distance : 2.200 ft = 670,6 m
    • Takeoff distance : 2.500 ft = 762,5 m

    THE DESIGN TAKEOFF GROSS WEIGHT (W0)

    ❖ Crew = 1 person
    ❖ Passenger = 3 person
    ❖ Baggage per person = 20 lb = 9,071 kg
    ❖ Other baggage = 100 lb = 45,359 kg
    ❖ Wcrew = 180 lb = 81,647 kg
    ❖ Wpayload = 3 (180) + 3 (25) + 100 = 700 lb = 317,515 kg
    ESTIMATION We/W0

    We
    • = 0,6 (Beechcraft Bonanza)
    W0

    ESTIMATION Wf/W0

    • W1/W0 = 0,985
    • W2/W1 = 0,995
    • ɳpr = 0,85
    • (L/D)max = 14
    ɳpr L W2 W2 c R
    • R= . . ln ln = .
    c D W3 W3 ɳpr L/D

    R = 400 mi = 643,738 km = 2.112.000 ft


    𝑊2 2,02 × 10−7 2.112.000
    ln =( ). ( ) = 0,03585
    𝑊3 0,85 14

    𝑊2
    = 𝑒 0,03585 = 1,0365
    𝑊3
    𝑊3 1
    = = 0,9647
    𝑊2 1,0365
    𝑊4 𝑊5
    • = 1 = 0,995
    𝑊3 𝑊4
    𝑊5 𝑊1 𝑊2 𝑊3 𝑊4 𝑊5
    • = . . . . = (0,985).(0,995).(0,9647).(1).(0,995)
    𝑊0 𝑊0 𝑊1 𝑊2 𝑊3 𝑊4

    = 0,9407
    𝑊𝑓 𝑊5
    • = 1,06 (1 − ) = 1,06 (1 − 0,9407) = 0,06285
    𝑊0 𝑊0

    CALCULATION W0

    • Crew = 1 person
    • Passenger = 3 person
    • Baggage per person = 20 lb = 9,071 kg
    • Other baggage = 100 lb = 45,359 kg
    • Wcrew = 180 lb = 81,647 kg
    • Wpayload = 3 (180) + 3 (20) + 100 = 700 lb = 317,515 kg
    𝑊𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 + 𝑊𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 180 + 700
    • W0 = 𝑊𝑓 𝑊 = = 2.610 𝑙𝑏 = 1.184 𝑘𝑔
    1− − 𝑒 1−0,06285−0,6
    𝑊0 𝑊0

    CALCULATION Wf

    𝑊𝑓
    • Wf = W0 = 0,06285 x 2.610 = 164,038 lb
    𝑊0

    Berat gasoline penerbangan adalah 5,64 lb/gal. Oleh karena itu, kapasitas tangki
    bahan bakar harus :
    164,038
    Tank Capacity = = 29,084 gal = 110,094 L atau = 115 L
    5,64
    1,6 + 1,8
    • Average (CL)max = = 1,7
    2

    Average (CL)max with 45° flap deflection = 1,7 + 0,9 = 2,6


    (CL)max = 0,9(CL)max
    (CL)max = 0,9(2,6) = 2,34

    WING LOADING WS

    The requirements specify Vstall ≤ 70 mi/h = 102,7 ft/s

    ρ∞ = 0,002377 slug/ft3

    W/S = ½ (0,002377) (102,7)2 (2,34) = 29,3 lb/ft2

    𝑊 2610
    0
    S = 𝑊/𝑆 = = 89,07 𝑓𝑡 2 = 8,274 𝑚2
    29,3
    THRUST-TO-WEIGHT RATIO (T/W)

    = (1,21 x 29,3) / (32,2 x 0,002377 x 1,98)

    = 35,453/0,1515

    = 234,013/(T/W)

    = ((2/0,002377) (29,3) (1/1,98))1/2 = 111,583 ft/s

    The flight path radius is

    = 6,96 (111,583)2/32,2 = 2.691 ft

    The included flight path angle is

    Where hOB is the obstacle height, hOB = 50 ft

    = Cos-1 (1-(50/2.691)) = 11,07°

    = 2.691 sin 11,070 = 516,7

    Sg + Sa = 2.200 = {234,013/(T/W)} + 516,7

    = 234,013 / (2.200 – 516,7) = 234,013 / 1.683,3 = 0,1390

    Assumed to be that for a velocity V∞ = 0.7 VLO, where VLO is the liftoff velocity,
    taken as VLO = 1.1 Vstall

    = 0,7 (1,1) (111,58) = 85,9166 ft/s

    At this velocity, the power required to take off at the gross weight W0 = 2.610 𝑙𝑏
    The power required to take off at the gross weight W0 = 2.610 𝑙𝑏

    = (0,1390) (2610) (85,9166) = 31.169,683 ft.lb/s

    This power required must equal the power available PA

    The shaft brake power P,

    = 31.169,683 / 0,85 = 36.670,21 ft.lb / s

    Since 550 ft-lb/s = 1 hp, we have

    P = 36.670,21 / 550 = 66,673 hp

    Hence, to satisfy to takeoff constraint, the total power must be at least

    P ≥ 67 hp

    DAYA YANG DIBUTUHKAN UNTUK CLIMB

    • The skin-friction coefficient Cfe = 0,0043


    • Estimate of the zero-lift drag coefficient, CD,O = 0,017

    K = 0,075

    A reasonable estimate for e0 for a low-wing general aviation airplane is 0.6


    (R/C)max which from the specifications is 1,000 ft/min =16,67 ft/s at sea level

    = 16,67 + (2/0,002377(0,075x29,3/3x0,017)1/2)1/2) (1,155/14)

    = 30,932 ft/s

    P = 30,932 W0/ɳpr

    = (30,932 x 2610) / 0,85

    = 94.979,4 ft.lb/s

    atau,

    = 94.979,4/550

    = 172,689 hp

    Thus, to satisfy the constraint on the rate of climb, the power must be :

    P ≥ 173 hp

    DAYA YANG DIBUTUHKAN PADA KETINGGIAN JELAJAH DENGAN


    KECEPATAN MAKSIMUM

    Vmax = 250 mi/h = 366,7 ft/s = 402,8 km/h

    Ceiling (ketinggian jelajah) : 20000 ft = 6096 m


    = (0,985) (0,995) = 0,98

    W2 = 0,98 W0 = 0,98 (2.610) = 2.557,8 lb

    The midcruise weight WMC

    W3/W2 = 0,9647

    WMC / W2 = ½ (1+0,9647) = 0,98235

    Dimana : W2 = 2.557,8 lb

    WMC = 0,98235 (2.557,8) = 2.512,654 lb

    WMC / S = 2.512,654 lb / 89,07ft2 = 28,209 lb/ ft2

    Pada ketinggian jelajah 20.000 ft, diperoleh ρ∞ = 0,0012673 slug/ft3

    Vmax = V2∞ = 250 mi/h = 366,7 ft/s

    T/WMC = ½ (0,0012673) (366,7)2 (0,017/28,209) + (2(0,075) (28,209) / (0,0012673)

    (366,7)2

    = 0,05134 + 0,02483

    = 0,07617
    The shaft power required p is given by :

    = (1/0,85) (0,07617) (2.512,654) (366,7)

    = 82.567,403 ft.lb/s

    Atau

    = 82.567,403 / 550

    = 150,122 hp

    Daya yang dibutuhkan pada ketinggian jelajah dengan kecepatan maksimum

    P ≥ 151 hp

    To summarize the results from this section, the three constraints on power required
    for our airplane design have led to the following:

    Takeoff P ≥ 67 hp

    Rate of climb P ≥ 173 hp

    Maximum velocity P ≥ 151 hp

    Clearly, the specification of the maximum rate of climb at sea level of 1,000 ft/min
    is the determining factor of the required power from the engine. For our airplane
    design, the engine should be capable of producing a maximum power of 173 hp or
    greater.

    Power-to-weight ratio = P/W = 173 / 2.610 = 0,0662 hp/lb

    Power loading = W/P = 1 / 0,0662 = 15,105 lb/hp


    Dari hasil yang kita peroleh diatas maka pesawat yang cocok digunakan yaitu jenis
    Beechcraft Bonanza

    You might also like