Main Projrct

DATA ANALYSING TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of degree of
MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

By
ANUTHA N R
1NH20MC013
Under the Guidance of

Dr. K.G. Madhwaraj
DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Ring Road, Near Marathahalli,

Bengaluru – 560103
2021-2022
DATA ANALYSING TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of degree of
MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

By
ANUTHA N R
1NH20MC013
Under the Guidance of
Internal Guide: External Guide:

Dr.K.G. Madhwaraj Mr.Ramprasad A R
Professor Project Manager
Dept. of MCA, NHCE VRAIO Software Solutions Pvt Ltd
DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Ring Road, Near Marathahalli,

Bengaluru – 560 103
2021-2022
DECLARATION
I, ANUTHA N R, student of IV Semester MCA, bearing USN

1NH20MC013 here by declare that the Industry Internship / Project work entitled
DATA ANALYSING TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUSION has been
carried out by me under the supervision of Internal Guide Dr .K.G. Madhwaraj,
Professor and External Guide Mr Ramprasad A R, Project Manager and submitted
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
Computer Applications by the Department of Master of Computer Applications, New
Horizon College of Engineering, an Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to
Visvesvaraya Technological University during the academic year 2021-22. This
report has not been submitted to any other Organization/University for any award of
degree.
Name: ANUTHA N R
Signature:
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Dr. Mohan Manghnani, Chairman of New Horizon College of
Engineering for providing good infrastructure and Hi-Tech lab facilities to develop
and improve student’s skills.
I sincerely express my gratitude to the college Principal Dr. Manjunatha for

supporting the students in all their technical activities and giving guidance to them. I
would like to thank Dr. V. Asha, HoD, Department of MCA, New Horizon College
of Engineering for granting permission to undertake this project. I would like to
express my gratitude to the project guide Dr. K.G. Madhwaraj, Professor,
Department of MCA, New Horizon College of Engineering for giving all the
instructions and guidelines at every stage of the Project work.
I thank all the staff members of the Department of Master of Computer Applications,
for extending their constant support to complete the project. I express my heartfelt
thanks to my parents and friends who were a constant source of support and
inspiration throughout the project.
COMPANY PROFILE
Vraio Software Solutions Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 26 October 2015. It is

classified as non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Bangalore.It
offer the best development, support and service provider since from 2012 which has skills
and expertise on modern technologies and tools to facilitate complex business solutions. Our
business model focuses on having long-a term strategic relations with our clients by
providing a combination of high quality, cost effective and on time delivery of solutions.
Software publishing, consultancy and supply software publishing includes production,
supply and documentation of software, operating systems software, business & other
applications software, computer games software for all platforms. Consultancy includes
providing the best solution in the form of custom software after analyzing the user needs and
problems. Custom software also includes made-to-order software based on orders from
specific users. Also, included are writing of software of any kind following directives of the
users; software maintenance, web-page design
In each client project, we work beyond the norms of a conventional client relationship by
investing more time to understand customer current and future business needs. Our overall
process includes concept, design, development, incorporation, and implementation. We
believe in principle that "Vraio Software Solutions Pvt Ltd" can only grow if we deliver IT
solutions to customers that will help them to grow their business. It is one stop solutions to
their customers for their web designing, web application development & web hosting
requirements. They provide e-learning applications, which have advanced features and rich
graphical interface. Their e-learning applications are best suited for educational institutions,
training institutes for providing distant education and training purposes. Their customized
billing and accounting tool is suitable for any departmental stores as well as for small scale
industries. They believe that technologies and ideas are more than anything else to challenge
the world and grow.
It also provides the services like
Software Development: It is specialized in developing database driven websites with the

functionality to meet your needs. From e-commerce retail sites to corporate intranets, we
understand the value of good functionality. We develop web sites and applications to work
in any environment and across all platforms and browsers.
Analytics & Digital Marketing: It help clients reach target audience, generate leads, and
increase revenue via multi-channel marketing using persona, demographic and
psychographic profiling.
Software Consulting Services: Re-defining Traditional Software Development with Smart

'CTO' Services. We then design a robust scalable architecture as the core foundation for your
products.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
Title Page No
No.
ABSTRACT (i)
LIST OF TABLES (ii)
LIST OF FIGURES (iii)
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction
1.2 Problem Statement 1-6
1.3 Existing System
1.4 Objective of the Work
1.5 Proposed System with Methodology
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Review Summary 7-8
3 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
3.1 Hardware requirements 9
3.2 Software requirements
4 MODULE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Module 1 10-11
4.2 Module 2
5 SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 DFD 12-21
5.2 UML Diagrams
5.3 Sequence Diagram
6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 Technologies Used
6.2 Integrated Development Environment 22-34
6.3 Implementation
6.4 Screen Shots
7 SYSTEM TESTING
7.1 Types of testing 35-41
7.2 Test Cases
8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
8.1 Conclusion 42-43
8.2 Future Enhancements
9 REFERENCES 44
9.1 Text References
9.2 Web References
ABSTRACT
On everyday life the level of pollution is increasing rapidly due to factors like industries,
urbanization, increasing in population, vehicle use which can affect human health. Data
analysing tool for environmental Pollution it is an IoT based sensing project. It is used to
monitor the air quality, pulse rate, motion of an object, temperature and humidity level
through a web server using internet. where the sensing device will collect the data and
produce a report. The system uses MQ2 sensor for monitoring air quality and DHT11 for
monitoring temperature and humidity.
Data analysing tool for environmental Pollution it is an IoT based sensing project. Where it
consists of company module. This project consists of two main modules company and user.
The service providers can login into this application by completing registration and need to
login by providing username and password. They can add the services they such as
identifying air quality, heartbeat, acceleration of an object, temperature and humidity. Here
service costs are will be applicable based on the daily basis, weekly basis and monthly basis.
In this application we have implemented some privacy policies like data security, reliability,
feasibility, and performances & services.
The user who needs to know about the services they can login to the system. They can view
all the details by selecting particular company and the services based on service name, and
device used and can fetch the policies. The user can get daily, weekly, and monthly updates
on air quality, heartbeat, acceleration of an object, temperature and humidity. The final
results can be viewed by the users using the mobile app in the form of graph.
LIST OF TABLES
Sl. Page
No. Table No. Title
No.
1 7.1 38
Unit Test Case 1
2 7.2 38
Unit Test Case 2
3 7.3 39
Unit Test Case 3
4 7.4 39
Unit Test Case 4
5 7.5 40
Unit Test Case 5
6 7.6 40
Unit Test Case 6
LIST OF FIGURES
Sl.
No. Figure No. Title Page No.
1 1.1 DTH11 sensor 5
2 5.1 System design 13
3 5.2 Symbols and Notations Used in DFD 15
4 5.1 Level 0 DFD 16
7 5.6 Use Case Diagram 1 18
8 5.7 Use Case Diagram 2 19
9 5.8 Sequence Diagram Design 21
10 6.1 Types of Java Applications 23
11 6.2 MySQL template 24
12 6.3 Startup page of NetBeans 25
13 6.4 Coding Pages 26
14 6.5 Home page 28
15 6.6 Company login page 28
16 6.7 Adding service page 29
17 6.8 Service update message page 29
18 6.9 Privacy policy 30
19 6.10 Privacy policy update message page 30
20 6.11 User login and registration page 31

21 6.12 Select company and the service 32
22 6.13 View Data And Result 33
23 6.14 Future forecasting 34

Data Analysing Tool For Environmental Pollution 1NH20MC013
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect sensors, devices, gateways, and

objects on a massive scale to solve many challenges. Such interconnectivity will play an
important part to build powerful industrial systems that are more energy efficient with lower
costs while contributing to a better environment. In addition, the Semantic Web technology is
getting more popular in the development of rich and interactive applications. In industrial
environments and automation domains, the Semantic Web has been used to solve data
interoperability issues and to provide context aware applications and services. In industrial
facilities, gateways or data loggers are typically used to collect data from variety of devices
like sensors, actuators, machines, plants, processes, and systems. Typically these gateways,
sample, collect, and push data to a remote platform for further analysis and may also send
notifications for certain events.
This Data Analysing Tool For Environmental Pollution is aimed to develop an IoT based
application to deal with human pulse, temperature, detection of motion , air pollution and
acceleration of body. In the environment, temperature level and air quality is an important
thing for surviving living things. Rise in temperature and bad air quality is main
disadvantage for every nation. Daily changes of environment may cause more health issues
for people mainly in urban area where as rapidly increasing of industrialization and vehicles
leads to produce lot of dangerous gases. This air pollution can cause harmful diseases such as
allergic reactions such as irritation of eyes, nose and throat and may also cause some serious
diseases such as pneumonia, lung and asthma.
Department of MCA, NHCE 2021-2022 1

1.1 Objective:
 The most important objective of this project is to develop an web application and
a mobile app in which the users can login into this app and get more information
about human pulse, temperature, detection of motion , air pollution and
acceleration of body.
 Service providers can register and access this page and can add services such as
service name and can select different sensors.. Add privacy policy module is used
to select the policy based on data security, feasibility, performance and reliability.
 Other side, the user can login into the mobile app and select their particular
company and fetch policy. After successful login they can and select the service
and they can subscribe. The company can get data such as air quality level,
temperature level, etc.
 To developed a simple reasoning module to answer on-demand queries.
 It predict the temperature level.
 It is built with low cost so that it will b easy to access by users to know real-time
temperature levels at micro scale.
1.2 Problem Statement
 gateways or data loggers are usually used in manufacturing facilities to gather data
from a range of devices such as sensors, actuators, equipment, plants, processes and
systems.
 Usually, these gateways sample, compile, and push data for further review to a
remote portal. Users and managers want some form of flexible control over their
installations. Because of ever evolving market requirements and the design of IoT
applications and services, it has become impossible from the manufacturer's
perspective to pre-empt the users' requirements.
 Dynamic results are mandatory that by strategy give more flexibility and improved
control to the users of the gateways.

 In the industrial domain ,additional factors to be considered are low bandwidth,
latency, and security.
 Easy-to-use solutions located closer to the machines are favored, but challenges such
as heterogeneity of devices and protocols, multi-vendor solutions, and a number of
data models make it a difficult job.
 Future estimate is necessary based on the real time sensor information.
1.3 Existing System
In this era of interconnectivity and optimization, users and managers desire some sort of
flexible control over their installations. Due to ever changing business requirements and the
nature of IoT applications and services, pollution measurements are performed using
expensive equipment at fixed locations or dedicated mobile equipment laboratories. it has
become difficult to preempt the requirements of the users from manufacturer perspective.
More dynamic solutions are required that by design offer more flexibility and better control
to theses gateways users. Furthermore, issues like low bandwidth, latency, and security in the
industrial domain are additional factors to consider. Hence, easy-to-use solutions located
closer to the devices are preferred but issues like device and protocol heterogeneity,
multivendor solutions, and variety of data models make it a challenging task. To overcome
the problems of existing systems, we propose iot based Data Analysing Tool For
Environmental Pollution.
1.3.1 Disadvantages:
 Performance is poor.
 Doesn't provide accuracy.
 Low bandwidth and security.
 Do not provide privacy and security.
 Not cost efficient.

1.4 Proposed System
The main aim is to develop an application for getting the input like temperature level, pulse
rate, motion detection and air quality. The user can login and register to find the temperature
level, pulse rate, motion detection and air quality. The data of air is recognized by using
MQ2 sensor. DHT11 sensor will check the humidity and temperature. The data is displayed
on the web application. The sensor collected data when operated by the microcontroller and
forwarded it over the internet for analysis via the Wi-Fi module. The Wi-Fi module transfers
the measured data valve to the server via internet. Users were able to monitor measured
parameters on their Server. The online application provides global access to measured data
via any device that has internet connection capabilities. Data collected from the sensor was
converted into a string and used to update the information sent to the remote server.
Data analysing tool for environmental Pollution it is an IoT based sensing project. Where it
consists of company module. This project consists of two main modules company and user.
The service providers can login into this application by completing registration and need to
login by providing username and password. They can add the services they such as
identifying air quality, heartbeat, acceleration of an object, temperature and humidity. Here
service costs are will be applicable based on the daily basis, weekly basis and monthly basis.
In this application we have implemented some privacy policies like data security, reliability,
feasibility, and performances & services.
The user who need to know about the services they can login to the system. They can view
all the details by selecting particular company and the services based on service name, and
device used and can fetch the policies. The user can get daily, weekly, and monthly updates
on air quality, heartbeat, acceleration of an object, temperature and humidity. The final
results can be viewed by the users using the mobile app in the form of graph.
1.4.1 Advantages:
 Its understanding to users and applications.
 Is useful for solving disputes between users and IoT application providers when it
comes to privacy practices.
 Privacy as the default.

 Better security.
 Provide complete records of all transactions.
 Provides low relative humidity.
 It controls automatically
 Updates On Server directly
 Accurate Pollution monitoring
1.5 Applications: -
 Industrial perimeter monitoring
 Indoor air quality monitoring.
 Site selection for reference monitoring stations.
 Making data available to users
1.6 Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11)
The DHT11 is a fundamental optical temperature and humidity sensor that is ultra-
low-cost. To test the surrounding air, it utilizes a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor
and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). It's pretty
straightforward to use but it takes precise timing to collect details. The only possible
downside to this sensor is that only once every 2 seconds you get new data from it.
The DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a hybrid sensor comprising a
temperature and humidity calibrated digital signal output. Application of dedicated collection
technologies for automated modules and temperature and humidity sensing technology to
ensure high reliability and excellent long-term stability of the commodity. A resistive sense
of wet components and NTC temperature measuring instruments are used in the sensor and
linked to a high-performance 8-bit controller.

Fig 1.1 DTH11 sensor
1.6.1 Applications:
HVAC, dehumidifier, devices for monitoring and inspection, consumer products, automobile,
electronic monitoring, data loggers, weather stations, home appliances, humidity controls,
calculation and control of medical and other humidity.
1.6.2 Features:
Low cost, long-term stability, calculation of relative humidity and temperature, excellent
accuracy, rapid response, good anti-interference capacity, transmission of long distance
signals, digital performance of the signal, and reliable calibration.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This project is aimed to develop an IOT based application to deal with air pollution and
temperature level with the help of sensors such as MQ7 , DHT11 various air and
temperature parameters are sensed and transmitted. ESP32 development board plays
important role in this project.
The prototype connects with Wi-Fi and uploads all parameters to centralized server. In
existing system, it is difficult to collect parameters many electro mechanical devices are
used. These devices are heavy and not economical to install at many places. Periodical
collection of data is difficult Still manual intervention is required for collecting and feeding
data to central servers
Since its IOT based product, all functional units are connected in a network. All things such
as sensors base station, centralized server work together by means of communication over
network. Data collected from sensors gets uploaded to cloud servers instantly For authorities
such as pollution control board, data is easily available. They can draw conclusions and take
actions instantly
In this work Data Analysing Tool For Environmental Pollution system is proposed. This
system can be utilized for monitoring air pollutants and temperature level of a particular area
and to air quality analysis as well as forecasting the air quality. The proposed system will
focus on the monitoring of air pollutants focus with the combination of IoT with a machine
learning algorithm.
The main objective of this project is to develop a web application and a mobile application in
which the users can login into this app and get more information about human pulse,
temperature, detection of motion , air pollution and acceleration of body. company can
register and access this page and can add services such as service name and can select
different sensors. Service charges will apply for the use of this service on a daily, weekly and
monthly basis. Add privacy policy module is used to select the policy based on data security,
feasibility, performance and reliability. Other side, the user can login into the mobile app and
select their particular company and fetch policy. After successful login they can and select

the service and they can subscribe. The company can get data such as air quality level,
temperature level, etc.
IoT architectures will be an important component of future Internet as it closes the gap
between physical and virtual objects. Among others, smart home is one of the main
developments of IoT environments as it enhances the user’s experience when using home
devices .In this project a security and privacy threat analysis for a typical smart home
architecture using off the shelf components. To do so, they employ a smart home IoT
architecture that enables users to interact with it through various devices that support smart
house management, and they analyze different scenarios to identify possible security and
privacy issues for users. In this architecture, the authors identify points of interest that an
adversary might manipulate either to gain access to unauthorized information or to cause a
denial of service. The contribution, in addition to a concrete threat analysis, is a practical
feasibility evaluation of the identified vulnerabilities showing how exploits can be
implemented in practice.

CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or the other
software resources to be present on a computer. These pre-requisites are known as
(computer) system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute
rule. Most software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended.
With increasing demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of
software, system requirements tend to increase over time.
3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 System : Intel i3 2.1 GHZ

 Memory : 4 GB
 Hard Disk : 80 GB.
 Arduino Uno : Pulse sensor, Motion sensor, Accelerometer sensor, DHT11
3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
● Operating System : Windows XP or higher, Linux, Unix
● Language : java, embedded c language, python
● Tool : Net beans, android studio, MySQL, navicat.
● Database : MySQL

CHAPTER 4
MODULE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Home
 Admin login
 Service provider
 Registration
 Login
4.1.1 Registration Module

If the user is new to the system he can register by providing valid name, email id and
password, and can register on the system.
4.1.2 Login Module

In this module the user can login by providing valid user name and password. If the
username and password are valid, it provides the following pages of the application,
otherwise it provides the username and password which are invalid.
4.2 Service provider

 Login
 Add services
 Add privacy policies
 Data Security
 Performance and services
4.2.1 Service Module

In this module the user can login by providing valid username and password. The user can
add services name, and select service list like pulse rate, motion of an object, temperature and
humidity sensors. Service cost will be applicable based on the daily basis, weekly basis and
monthly basis.

4.2.2 Privacy Policies Module
In this module the user can add privacy policies for determine the environmental data sensors
by using the data security, relability, feasibility and performances and services based on high,
low, and medium.
4.3 Services
 Air quality sensors

 Dust quality sensors
 Pulse sensors
 Temp sensors
 Motion detection sensors
 Accelerometers sensors
4.4 User Service Mapping
The users can login into this app and can select the required company to get information.
User can have two options like get data and get services. By clicking and get services they
can select services and subscribe for get daily, weekly and monthly updates about
environment.
4.5 Accessing Data
The sensor collected data are stored in the server once the data pack show the basic gateway
the data with the time-stamp a stored or added to the network. When the user gateway needs
to collect the data, the server collects the and send it to users’ device. As the data is in
enacted format nodes to decrypt by the gateway to serve to the user.
4.6 Future Forecasting
The collected data from the sensors are stored in the server and is used for training the model
using machine learning algorithms. We have used Linear Regression (LR). The trained
model is saved in the server and used for prediction. When a new data is received by the
server, the prediction algorithm is executed to predict the future forecast. The forecasting
result can be viewed by the users using the mobile app.

CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM DESIGN
The design phase is the life cycle phase in which the detailed design of the selected system in
the study phase is accomplished. In the design phase, the technical specifications are
prepared for the performance of all allocated tasks. It also includes the construction of
programs and program testing. In the design phase, the first step is to determine the output is
to be produced and in what format. Second, input data and master files have to be designed
to meet the requirements of proposed output. The system analyst has to define the methods of
capturing and input programs and format of the output and its use by the users.
System design is the process of designing the elements of a system such as the architecture,
modules and components, the different interfaces of those components and the data that goes
through that system. The purpose of the System Design process is to provide sufficient
detailed data and information about the system and its system elements to enable the
implementation consistent with architectural entities as defined in models and views of the
system architecture.
The design is a solution, the translation of requirements into center ways of meeting. The
design is actually the process of analyzing, organizing and developing a database model that
accurately reflects the organization functioning in the real world and implementing that
model by creating a database requires an appropriate methodology. System can be divided
into two phases:
1. Logical Design.
2. Physical Design.

5.1 Elements of a System
5.1.1 Architecture:
This is the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior and more views of a system.
We can use flowcharts to represent and illustrate the architecture.
5.1.2 Modules:
This are components that handle one specific tasks in a system. A combination of the
modules make up the system.
5.1.3 Components :
This provides a particular function or group of related functions. They are made up of
modules.
5.1.4 Interfaces:
This is the shared boundary across which the components of a the system exchange
information and relate.
5.1.5 Data :
This the management of the information and data flow.
Fig 5.1 System design

5.2 Data Flow Diagram
A data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of information for any process or system. It
uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles and arrows, plus short text labels, to show data
inputs, outputs, storage points and the routes between each destination. Data flowcharts can
range from simple, even hand-drawn process overviews, to in-depth, multi-level DFDs that
dig progressively deeper into how the data is handled. They can be used to analyze an
existing system or model a new one. Like all the best diagrams and charts, a DFD can often
visually say things that would be hard to explain in words, and they work for both technical
and nontechnical audiences, from developer to CEO. That’s why DFDs remain so popular
after all these years. While they work well for data flow software and systems, they are less
applicable nowadays to visualizing interactive, real-time or database-oriented software or
systems.
5.2.1 Symbols and Notations Used in DFDs
 Yourdon and Coad

 Yourdon and DeMarco
 Gane and Sarson
One main difference in their symbols is that Yourdon-Coad and Yourdon-DeMarco use
circles for processes, while Gane and Sarson use rectangles with rounded corners, sometimes
called lozenges. There are other symbol variations in use as well, so the important thing to
keep in mind is to be clear and consistent in the shapes and notations you use to
communicate and collaborate with others.
Using any convention’s DFD rules or guidelines, the symbols depict the four components of
data flow diagrams.
1. External entity: an outside system that sends or receives data, communicating with
the system being diagrammed. They are the sources and destinations of information
entering or leaving the system. They might be an outside organization or person, a
computer system or a business system. They are also known as terminators, sources
and sinks or actors. They are typically drawn on the edges of the diagram.

2. Process: any process that changes the data, producing an output. It might perform
computations, or sort data based on logic, or direct the data flow based on business
rules. A short label is used to describe the process, such as “Submit payment.”
3. Data store: files or repositories that hold information for later use, such as a database
table or a membership form. Each data store receives a simple label, such as
“Orders.”
4. Data flow: the route that data takes between the external entities, processes and data
stores. It portrays the interface between the other components and is shown with
arrows, typically labeled with a short data name, like “Billing details.”
Fig 5.2 Symbols and Notations Used in DFD
5.2.2 Rules For Constructing A DFD

 Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should be
representative of the process.
 The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally
flow from source to the destination although they may flow back to the source. One
way to indicate this is to draw long flow line back to a source. An alternative way is
to repeat the source symbol as a destination. Since it is used more than once in the
DFD, it is marked with a short diagonal.
 When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are numbered.

5.2.3 Level 0 DFD:
Fig 5.3 Level 0 DFD
5.2.4 Level 1 DFD:
Fig 5.4 Level 1 DFD

5.2.5 Level 2 DFD:
Fig 5.5 Level 2 DFD

5.3 Use Case Diagram
A use case chart is a kind of behavioral graph made from a Use-case examination. Its object
is to present a graphical diagram of the usefulness gave by a framework regarding
performers, their objectives (spoke to as utilization cases), and any conditions between those
utilization cases. Use case chart gives us the data about how that clients and utilization cases
are connected with the framework. Use cases are used amid prerequisites elicitation and
examination to speak to the usefulness of the framework. Use cases concentrate on the
conduct of the framework from an outside perspective.
A use case depicts a capacity gave by framework that yields an obvious result for a
performer. A performing artist portrays any element that collaborates with the system. The
performers are outside the limit of the framework, while the use cases are inside the limit of
the framework. On-screen characters are spoken to with stick figures, use cases with ovals,
and the limit of the framework with a container encasing the use cases.
5.3.1 Use Case Diagram 1:
Fig 5.6 Use Case Diagram 1

5.3.2 Use Case Diagram 2
Fig 5.7 Use Case Diagram 2

5.4 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram because it describes how—and in what

order—a group of objects works together. These diagrams are used by software developers
and business professionals to understand requirements for a new system or to document an
existing process.
5.4.1 Advantages
Sequence diagrams can be useful references for businesses and other organizations. Try
drawing a sequence diagram to:
 Represent the details of a UML use case.

 Model the logic of a sophisticated procedure, function, or operation.
 See how objects and components interact with each other to complete a process.
 Plan and understand the detailed functionality of an existing or future scenario.
5.4.2 Use cases for sequence diagrams
 Usage scenario: A usage scenario is a diagram of how your system could potentially
be used. It's a great way to make sure that you have worked through the logic of every
usage scenario for the system.
 Method logic: Just as you might use a UML sequence diagram to explore the logic of
a use case, you can use it to explore the logic of any function, procedure, or complex
process.
 Service logic: If you consider a service to be a high-level method used by different
clients, a sequence diagram is an ideal way to map that out.
 Sequence diagram Visio: Any sequence diagram that you create with Visio can also
be uploaded into Lucidchart. Lucidchart supports .vsd and .vdx file import and is a
great Microsoft Visio alternative. Almost all of the images you see in the UML
section of this site were generated using Lucidchart.

Fig 5.8 Sequence Diagram Design

CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 TECHNOLOGIES USED

6.1.1 Java
Java is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It is used to develop desktop and
mobile applications, big data processing, embedded systems, and so on. According to Oracle,
the company that owns Java, Java runs on 3 billion devices worldwide, which makes Java
one of the most popular programming languages.
Why Use Java?
 Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.)
 It is one of the most popular programming language in the world
 It is easy to learn and simple to use
 It is open-source and free
 It is secure, fast and powerful
 It has a huge community support (tens of millions of developers)
 Java is an object oriented language which gives a clear structure to programs and
allows code to be reused, lowering development costs
 As Java is close to C++ and C#, it make
Types of Java Applications
There are mainly 4 types of applications that can be created using Java programming:
1) Standalone Application
Standalone applications are also known as desktop applications or window-based

applications. These are traditional software that we need to install on every machine.
Examples of standalone application are Media player, antivirus, etc. AWT and Swing are
used in Java for creating standalone applications.

2) Web Application
An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic page is called a web
application. Currently, Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, JSF, etc. technologies are used
for creating web applications in Java.
3) Enterprise Application
An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications, etc. is called an

enterprise application. It has advantages like high-level security, load balancing, and
clustering. In Java, EJB is used for creating enterprise applications.
4) Mobile Application
An application which is created for mobile devices is called a mobile application. Currently,
Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile applications.
Fig 6.1 Types of Java Applications
6.1.3 MySQL
MySQL is a database management system that is used by WordPress to store and retrieve all
your blog information. Think of it this way. If your database is a filing cabinet that
WordPress uses to organize and store all the important data from your website (posts, pages,
images, etc), then MySQL is the company that created this special type of filing cabinet.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. It runs as a server and
allows multiple users to manage and create numerous databases. It is a central component in
the LAMP stack of open source web application software that is used to create websites.
LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Most WordPress installations use the
LAMP stack because it is open source and works seamlessly with WordPress.
WordPress requires MySQL to store and retrieve all of its data including post content, user
profiles, and custom post types. Most web hosting providers already have MySQL installed
on their web servers as it is widely used in many open source web applications such as
WordPress.
WordPress uses the PHP programming language to store and retrieve data from the MySQL
database. To retrieve data from the database, WordPress runs SQL queries to dynamically
generate content. SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is the programming
language typically used to query databases.
For users that are not comfortable writing their own PHP and SQL scripts, most web
hosting providers offer easy to use web applications to manage databases. One such web
application is phpMyAdmin which allows users to manage their database using a web based
graphical interface. You can manipulate your tables visually while phpMyAdmin runs the
SQL queries for you.
Fig 6.2 MySQL template

Out of the box MySQL doesn’t come with any graphical interface and advanced level users
may prefer to just manage their databases from the command line.
6.2 INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

6.2.1 NetBeans
NetBeans is an included improvement environment (IDE) for growing commonly with Java,
however additionally with different languages, particularly PHP, C/C++, and HTML5. It is
likewise an utility platform framework for Java laptop packages and others. Java language is
used NetBeans IDE may run on Windows, OS X, Linux, Solaris and different structures
helping a well suited JVM.
Applications primarily based totally at the NetBeans Platform (which include the NetBeans
IDE itself) may be prolonged with the aid of using 0.33 celebration builders.
6.2.2 Netbeans Platform
Framework for simplifying the improvement of Java Swing laptop packages. The NetBeans
IDE Platform primarily based on totally packages and no need extra SDK is required.
Now, reinstalling an update or rebooting no longer requires customers to download the entire
utility again.This netbeans platform gives reusable offerings not unusualplace to laptop
packages, permitting builders to consciousness at the good judgment precise to their utility.
Fig 6.3 Startup page of NetBeans

6.2.3 Netbeans IDE
NetBeans IDE it is an open source, cross platform that includes integrated environment for
developing web application projects on windows, mac, linux operating system. NetBeans
IDE is used to improve java types, java SE which include JavaFX, Java ME, and cellular
packages out of the box.
The netbeans IDE is used to buildweb application, desktop applicationsand mobile

applications by using java programming language and HTML and css.Netbeans is a
integrated environment type.
Fig 6.4 Netbeans IDE

6.3 IMPLEMENTATION
6.3.1 Linear Regression:
The statistical equation that investigates the linear relation between that and a dependent
variable and a given number of independent variables is described as linear regression. The
linear correlation means that the magnitude of the dependent variable frequently varies
(higher or lowers) as both the significance of one or more independent variables varies
(higher or lowers).
Accurately the affiliation can be denoted with the benefit of subsequent equivalence −
Y= mX+bY = mX+b
At this point, Y is the dependent variable we are irritating to foretell.
X is the independent variable we are using to mark likelihoods.
m is the slop of the relapse line which signifies the effect X has on Y
b is a constant, acknowledged as the 𝑌Y-intercept. If X = 0,Y yearned to be identical to 𝑏b.

6.4 SCREEN SHOTS
6.4.1 Home
Fig 6.5 Home page
6.4.2 Company login
Fig 6.6 Company login page

6.4.3 Adding service
Fig 6.7 Adding service page
6.4.4 Service update message
Fig 6.8 Service update message page

6.4.5 Privacy policy
Fig 6.9 Privacy policy
6.4.6 Privacy policy update message
Fig 6.10 Privacy policy update message page

6.4.7 User login and Registration
Fig 6.11 User login and registration page

6.4.8 Select company and the service
Fig 6.12 Select company and the service

6.4.9 View Data And Result
Fig 6.13 View Data And Result

6.4.10 Future forecasting
Fig 6.14 Future forecasting

CHAPTER 7
SYSTEM TESTING
Testing is an important phase in the development life cycle of the product. This is the phase,
where the remaining errors, if any, from all the phases are detected. Hence testing performs a
very critical role for quality assurance and ensuring the reliability of the software.
During the testing, the program to be tested was executed with a set of test cases and the
output of the program for the test cases was evaluated to determine whether the program was
performing as expected. Errors were found and corrected by using the below stated testing
steps and correction was recorded for future references. Thus, a series of testing was
performed on the system, before it was ready for implementation.
It is the process used to help identify the correctness, completeness, security, and quality of
developed computer software. Testing is a process of technical investigation, performed on
behalf of stake holders, i.e. intended to reveal the quality-related information about the
product with respect to context in which it is intended to operate. This includes, but is not
limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding errors.
The quality is not an absolute; it is value to some person. With that in mind, testing can never
completely establish the correctness of arbitrary computer software; Testing furnishes a
‘criticism’ or comparison that compares the state and behaviour of the product against
specification. An important point is that software testing should be distinguished from the
separate discipline of Software Quality Assurance (SQA), which encompasses all business
process areas, not just testing.
There are many approaches to software testing, but effective testing of complex products is
essentially a process of investigation not merely a matter of creating and following routine
procedure.
Although most of the intellectual processes of testing are nearly identical to that of review or
inspection, the word testing is connoted to mean the dynamic analysis of the product-putting
the product through its paces. Some of the common quality attributes include capability,
reliability, efficiency, portability, maintainability, compatibility and usability.

A good test is sometimes described as one, which reveals an error; however, more recent
thinking suggest that a good test is one which reveals information of interest to someone who
matters within the project community.
7.1 TYPES OF TESTING
7.1.1 Unit Testing

Individual component are tested to ensure that they operate correctly. Each component is
tested independently, without other system component. This system was tested with the set
of proper test data for each module and the results were checked with the expected output.
Unit testing focuses on verification effort on the smallest unit of the software design module.
This is also known as MODULE TESTING. This testing is carried out during phases, each
module is found to be working satisfactory as regards to the expected output from the
module.
7.1.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing is another aspect of testing that is generally done in order to uncover
errors associated with flow of data across interfaces. The unit-tested modules are grouped
together and tested in small segment, which make it easier to isolate and correct errors. This
approach is continued unit I have integrated all modules to form the system as a whole.
Integration testing is another aspect of testing that is generally done in order to uncover
errors associated with flow of data across interfaces.
7.1.3 System Testing

System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully
exercise the computer-based system. System testing ensures that the entire integrated
software system meets requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable
results. An example of system testing is the configuration-oriented system integration
testing. System testing is based on process description and flows, emphasizing pre-driver
process and integration points.

7.1.4 Performance Testing
The performance testing ensures that the output being produced within the time limits and
time taken for the system compiling, giving response to the users and request being send to
the system in order to retrieve the results.
7.1.5 Validation Testing

The validation testing can be defined in many ways, but a simple definition is that.
Validation succeeds when the software functions in a manner that can be reasonably
expected by the end user.
7.1.6 Black Box testing

Black box testing is done to find the following
 Incorrect or missing functions
 Interface errors
 Errors on external database access
 Performance error
 Initialization and termination error
7.1.7 White Box Testing

This allows the tests to
 Check whether all independent paths within a module have been exercised at least
once
 Exercise all logical decisions on their false sides
 Execute all loops and their boundaries and within their boundaries
 Exercise the internal data structure to ensure their validity
 Ensure whether all possible validity checks and validity lookups have been provided
to validate data entry.

7.1.8 Acceptance Testing
This is the final stage of testing process before the system is accepted for operational use.
The system is tested within the data supplied from the system procurer rather than simulated
data.
7.2 Test cases
A test case is a document, which has a set of test data, preconditions, expected results and
post conditions, developed for a particular test scenario in order to verify compliance against
a specific requirement.
Test Case acts as the starting point for the test execution, and after applying a set of input
values, the application has a definitive outcome and leaves the system at some end point or
also known as execution post condition.
Typical Test Case Parameters:
 Test Case ID
 Test Scenario
 Test Case Description
 Test Steps
 Prerequisite
 Test Data
 Expected Result
 Test Parameters
 Actual Result
 Environment Information
 Comments

7.2.1 Unit Test Case 1
The below Table 7.1 shows the test case 1.
3Test 3Case1 UTC-*1
Name3of3Test Service Provider makes registration in web application.
Expected3Result The service provider makes registration in the web

application by entering all the essential credentials.
Actual3output Same3as3expected.
Remarks3 Successful
Table 7.1 Unit Test Case 1

3Test 3Case 2 UTC-*2
Name3of3Test Service Provider makes login.
The service provider login to the web application by entering

Expected3Result
the username & password.
Remarks3 Successful

Name3of3Test User makes registration in the android application.
Expected3Result The user makes registration in the android application

by entering the essential credentials.
Remarks3 Successful

Name3of3Test User login to android application..
Expected3Result The user gets logged in to the android application by

entering username & password.
Remarks3 Successful

Name3of3Test Service Provider provides list of services.
Expected3Result The service provider provides the list of services such

as the device name, manufacturer device configuration.
Remarks3 Successful

Name3of3Test Service Provider provides privacy policy.
Expected3Result The service provider provides the privacy to the device

by checking the device reliability & feasibility.
Remarks3 Successful

CHAPTER 8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
8.1 CONCLUSION
Environmental sensor networks provide exciting technical challenge. For the first time, data
sets of different types and scales can be merged together to enhance our understanding of the
Earth as a whole. Designing sustainable sensor networks for the natural environment is a
demanding task. Especially for environmental parameters especially with respect to air,
temperature plays very important role to ensure healthy environment for living beings. There
are many reasons for causing various reasons for variation in temperature but knowing their
concentration at various locations helps to take decisions on prevention measures.
In this proposed system it works on the principle of IoT, data read from sensor are processed
by the processor then uploaded to database, these data are analyzed and displayed to users,
and user could fetch this information over phone or webserver and take proper action to
prevent pollution and to know human pulse rate whether it is accurate. The system to monitor
the temperature of environment and acceleration of an object and pulse rate of human body
using Arduino microcontroller. With the use of IOT technology enhances the process of
monitoring various aspects of environment such as temperature level, pulse rate, motion
detection, acceleration of object monitoring issue proposed in this paper. Here, using the
MQ2,DHT11 sensor gives the sense of different type of dangerous gas, humidity and arduino
is the heart of this project. Now a days the temperature variation in urban areas is a major
issue in developed cities due to significant impacts on public health, global environment. The
proposed work on data analysing tool for environmental Pollution is enables us to monitor air
quality, temperature level with the help IoT devices.

8.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
 In the future, the extensive Arduino system can put into practice as agriculture
automation system and weather-based fertilizer flower and monitor the value of the
plants' growth via
 the mobile application.
 It can be improved further by adding more advanced module like wifi so that the
sensor size will be reduced furthur.
 EEG, ECG and other health parameters can also be monitored.
 Continuous monitoring and future diagnosis can be performed via the same system
(TELEMEDICINE),More than a single patient at different places can be monitored
using single system.
 Interface GPS module to screen the contamination at precise area and transfer on the
website page for the netizens.

CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES
9.1 TEXT REFERENCES
[1] JavaScript: Programming Basics for Absolute Beginners Book by Nathan CLARK
[2] David Griffiths and Dawn Griffiths: Head First Android Development
[3] Core Java By Cay S. Horstmann
[4] Modern Java in Action: Lambdas, Streams, Functional and Reactive Programming
[5] Sensors and Instrumentation By O. N. Pandey
9.2 WEB REFERENCES
[1]https://www.encardio.com/blog/temperature-sensor-probe-types-how-it-works-
[2] content/uploads/2008/04/5v-regulator-using7805.JPG
[3] https://store.arduino.cc/arduino-uno-rev3
[4] https://www.arduino.cc/ web/host/
[5] https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1PCS-LOTSolution-PH-valuo-Temperature-detector
[6] https://www.w3schools.com/java/

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DATA ANALYSING TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Under the Guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Ring Road, Near Marathahalli,

A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Under the Guidance of

Internal Guide: External Guide:

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Ring Road, Near Marathahalli,

I, ANUTHA N R, student of IV Semester MCA, bearing USN

I sincerely express my gratitude to the college Principal Dr. Manjunatha for

Vraio Software Solutions Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 26 October 2015. It is

Software Development: It is specialized in developing database driven websites with the

Software Consulting Services: Re-defining Traditional Software Development with Smart

1 1.1 DTH11 sensor 5

2 5.1 System design 13

3 5.2 Symbols and Notations Used in DFD 15

4 5.1 Level 0 DFD 16

5 5.4 Level 1 DFD 16

6 5.5 Level 1 DFD 17

7 5.6 Use Case Diagram 1 18

8 5.7 Use Case Diagram 2 19

9 5.8 Sequence Diagram Design 21

10 6.1 Types of Java Applications 23

11 6.2 MySQL template 24

12 6.3 Startup page of NetBeans 25

13 6.4 Coding Pages 26

14 6.5 Home page 28

15 6.6 Company login page 28

16 6.7 Adding service page 29

17 6.8 Service update message page 29

18 6.9 Privacy policy 30

19 6.10 Privacy policy update message page 30

20 6.11 User login and registration page 31

22 6.13 View Data And Result 33

23 6.14 Future forecasting 34

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect sensors, devices, gateways, and

Department of MCA, NHCE 2021-2022 1

 To developed a simple reasoning module to answer on-demand queries.

 It predict the temperature level.

1.2 Problem Statement

Department of MCA, NHCE 2021-2022 2

1.3 Existing System

Department of MCA, NHCE 2021-2022 3

 Its understanding to users and applications.

 Privacy as the default.

 Provide complete records of all transactions.

 Provides low relative humidity.

 Updates On Server directly

 Accurate Pollution monitoring

 Industrial perimeter monitoring

 Indoor air quality monitoring.

 Site selection for reference monitoring stations.

 Making data available to users

1.6 Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11)

Department of MCA, NHCE 2021-2022 5

Fig 1.1 DTH11 sensor