Chemistry 2nd Topic Bridging

ALYN D. TAPLERAS,RPh.,MSPh.
 Matter is anything that: a) has mass, and volume

 SUBSTANCE – is a type of matter that has a defines,
fixed composition.
 Mass = a measure of the amount of “stuff” (or
material) the object contains (don’t confuse this with
weight, a measure of gravity)
 Volume = a measure of the space occupied by
the object
Types of properties
Physical Properties
Are those that a substance or shows by itself , without
changing Into or interacting with another substance.
Ex. Color , melting point and density
Chemical Properties
Are those that a substance shows as it change into or
interacts with another substance. Some of chemical
properties are flammability, corrosiveness , and reactivity with
acids.
Chemical Change also Called a chemical reaction

( occurs when a substance is converted into a different
substance)
 Words that describe matter (adjectives)
 Physical change- solid form of water becomes liquid
form; composition does not change because particles
are the same.
 Occurs when a substance alters its physical form, not its
composition, thus physical changes results in different
physical properties.
 Chemical change- electric current decomposes water
into different substances( hydrogen and oxygen);
composition does change because particles are
different.
Decide whether each of the following processes is primarily
A physical or a chemical change ,and explain briefly:
1.Frost forms as the temperature drops on a humid winter night.
2. A pea plant grows from a seed that is watered and fertilized.
3. A match ignites to form ash and a mixture of gases.
4. Sweat evaporates when you relax after jogging.
5. Rusting of Iron.
1) Solid- has a definite shape and volume that does not conform to the
container shape
2) Liquid-has a definite volume but no definite shape, it conforms to the
container shape, but fills the entire container only to the extent of the
liquids volume; thus a liquid forms a surface.
3) Gas- has no definite volume , no definite shape, it conforms to the
container shape, but fills the entire container and thus , does not form a
surface.
4) Plasma – is a very hot gas of nuclei and electrons, superheated gas and
electrically charged.
5) BEC – is a super unexcited and super cold at absolute zero.
Vapor- a substance that is currently a gas, but normally is a liquid or solid at
room temperature. (Which is correct: “water gas”, or “water vapor”?)
States of
Result of a
Matter Definite
Definite Temperature Will it
Compress?
Volume? Shape? Increase?
Small
Solid YES YES NO
Expans.
Small
Liquid YES NO NO
Expans.
Gas Large
NO NO YES
Expans.
Freeze Condense
Melt Evaporate
Solid Liquid Gas

Physical change will change the visible
appearance, without changing the
composition of the material.
Boil, melt, cut, bend, split, crack
Is boiled water still water?
Can be reversible, or irreversible
Chemical change - a change where a
new form of matter is formed.
Rust, burn, decompose, ferment
The ability of a substance to undergo
a specific chemical change is called a
chemical property.
• iron plus oxygen forms rust, so the
ability to rust is a chemical property
of iron
During a chemical change (also called
chemical reaction), the composition of
matter always changes.
Substances are
either:
a) elements, or
b) compounds
 Elements- simplest kind of matter
 cannot be broken down any simpler and still have
properties of that element!
 all one kind of atom.
 Are substances that are made up
of only one type of atom.
Example: pure gold, oxygen gas, and sodium metal.
Elements are classified into metal, non-metal, and metalloids
Metals – are good conductors
Non-metal - are poor conductors
Metalloids – both have properties of metal and non metal
 Compounds – is a type of of matter
composed of two or more different
elements that are chemically bound
together examples are Ammonia (NH4)
, water (H2O), and carbon dioxide
(CO2) are some common compounds.
Mixed molecule by molecule, thus
too small to see the different parts
Can occur between any state of
matter: gas in gas; liquid in gas; gas
in liquid; solid in liquid; solid in solid
(alloys), etc.
Thus, based on the distribution of
their components, mixtures are called
homogeneous or heterogeneous.
 Mixtures are a physical blend of at
least two substances; have variable
composition. They can be either:
1) Heterogeneous – the mixture is not
uniform in composition
• Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.
2) Homogeneous - same composition
throughout; called “solutions”
• Kool-aid, air, salt water
 Every part keeps it’s own properties.
Compound Mixture
Made of one kind Made of more than
of material one kind of material
Made by a Made by a
chemical change physical change
Definite Variable
composition composition
Classification of Mixtures
Homogenous Mixtures
Have single phase and cannot be separated through
filtration
Examples :
a.Alloy bronze (Cu+ Sn) and water + salt = Salt Solution
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Are those with components that can be visually
distinguished and can be separated by physical means
Colloids - contains particles that does not settle like gelatin ,

foams ,emulsion, aerosols , and sols
Suspension – which contains particles that eventually settle
down like for example orange juice
Tyndahll Effect – when light scattered as it is focused on a
colloid.
Classify the following as element , compound, homogenous
Or heterogeneous
1.Salad 13. concrete

2.Sea water 14.potassium
3.Magnesium 15. gold
4.Salt
5.Sand
6.Orange juice
7.Iodine
8.Sugar solution
9.Bronze
10.Air
11.Chocolate chips cookies
12.Ice cubes in soda

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ALYN D. TAPLERAS,RPh.,MSPh.

 Matter is anything that: a) has mass, and volume

Ex. Color , melting point and density

Chemical Change also Called a chemical reaction

1.Frost forms as the temperature drops on a humid winter night.

2. A pea plant grows from a seed that is watered and fertilized.

3. A match ignites to form ash and a mixture of gases.

4. Sweat evaporates when you relax after jogging.

Solid Liquid Gas

Colloids - contains particles that does not settle like gelatin ,

1.Salad 13. concrete

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