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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8528-3

Third edition
2020-10

Reciprocating internal combustion

engine driven alternating current
generating sets —
Part 3:
Alternating current generators for
generating sets
Groupes électrogènes à courant alternatif entraînés par moteurs
alternatifs à combustion interne —
Partie 3: Alternateurs pour groupes électrogènes

Reference number
ISO 8528-3:2020(E)

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ISO 8528-3:2020(E)


COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Email: [email protected]
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Published in Switzerland

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ISO 8528-3:2020(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Abbreviated terms............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5 Other requirements and additional regulations.................................................................................................................. 6
6 Rating................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
7 Operation of a.c. generators...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.1 Isochronous (stand-alone) operation.................................................................................................................................. 7
7.2 Parallel operation without grid................................................................................................................................................. 7
7.3 Parallel operation with grid.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.3.2 Excitation system............................................................................................................................................................. 8
7.3.3 Reactive power control............................................................................................................................................... 9
7.3.4 Limiter functions.............................................................................................................................................................. 9
7.3.5 Power system stabilizer (optional)................................................................................................................... 9
7.4 Effects of electromechanical vibration and its frequency................................................................................... 9
8 Special load conditions................................................................................................................................................................................10
8.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.2 Unbalanced load current.............................................................................................................................................................. 10
8.3 Sustained short-circuit current.............................................................................................................................................. 10
8.4 Occasional excess current capability................................................................................................................................. 10
8.5 Total harmonic distortion (THD).......................................................................................................................................... 11
8.6 Emission of electromagnetic fields (EMF).................................................................................................................... 11
9 Operating limits...................................................................................................................................................................................................11
9.1 Limits of temperature and temperature rise.............................................................................................................. 11
9.2 Operating limit values..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
10 Rating plate..............................................................................................................................................................................................................13
11 Bearings....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
11.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
11.2 Rolling bearings................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
11.3 Plain bearings........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
12 Maintenance............................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Annex A (informative) Transient voltage characteristic following a sudden change of load..................15
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

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ISO 8528-3:2020(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/​directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/​patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www​.iso​.org/​
iso/​foreword​.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines, together
with IEC/TC 2, Rotating electrical machines, by merging this document with IEC 60034-22:2009.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8528-3:2005), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Clause 7 (ISO 8528-3:2005, Clause 9) has been updated with requirements for isochronous operation
and grid parallel operation;
— requirements for asynchronous generators have been integrated in Clause 8 (ISO  8528-3:2005,
Clause 10);
— new power rating “GPO” has been introduced for grid parallel operation;
— operating limits have been revised;
— new clauses have been added for specifying “bearings” and “maintenance”;
— identification markings BR and PR have been eliminated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8528 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document shall be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​.iso​.org/​members​.html.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8528-3:2020(E)

Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven

alternating current generating sets —
Part 3:
Alternating current generators for generating sets

1 Scope
This document specifies the principal characteristics of alternating current (a.c.) generators under
the control of their excitation control system when used for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC)
engine driven generating set applications and supplements the requirements given in IEC 60034-1. It
covers the use of such a.c. generators for land and marine applications, excluding generating sets used
on aircraft or to propel land vehicles and locomotives.
NOTE For some specific applications (e.g. essential hospital supplies, high-rise buildings, operation parallel
with the grid), supplementary requirements can be necessary. The provisions of this document can be regarded
as the basis for establishing any supplementary requirements.

For a.c. generating sets driven by other reciprocating-type prime movers (e.g. steam engines) the
provisions of this document can be used as basis for establishing these requirements.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 281, Rolling bearings — Dynamic load ratings and rating life
ISO 8528-1:2018, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets —
Part 1: Application, ratings and performance
IEC 60034-1:2017, Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-5, Rotating electrical machines — Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the integral design
of rotating machines (IP code) — Classification
IEC 60034-6, Rotating electrical machines — Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code)
IEC  60034-7, Rotating electrical machines  — Part  7: Classification of types of construction, mounting
arrangements and terminal box position (IM code)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://​w ww​.iso​.org/​obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://​w ww​.electropedia​.org/​
NOTE 1 This document uses suffix “r” for “rated” whereas in IEC standards the suffix “N” is used.

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Pr
Note 1 to entry:  cos ϕr = .
Sr
3.4
rated speed
nr
speed of rotation necessary for voltage generation at rated frequency
Note 1 to entry: nr is expressed in revolution per minute (min-1).

3.5
rated voltage
Ur
line-to-line voltage at the terminals of the a.c. generator at rated frequency and at rated output (3.1)
Note  1  to entry:  Rated voltage is the voltage assigned by the a.c. generator manufacturer for operating and
performance characteristics.

Note 2 to entry: Ur is expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples.

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ISO 8528-3:2020(E)


3.6
no-load voltage
U0
line-to-line voltage at the terminals of the a.c. generator at rated frequency and no-load
Note 1 to entry: U0 is expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples.

3.7
operating voltage
Uc
value of the voltage under normal conditions at a given instant and given point of the system
Note 1 to entry: Uc is expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples.

Note 2 to entry: This value can be expected, estimated or measured.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-601:1985, 601-01-22, modified — The symbol and Note 1 to entry have been added.]
3.8
voltage recovery
Urec
restoration of voltage to a value near to its previous value after a reduction of the voltage or a loss
of voltage
Note 1 to entry: Urec is expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples. Recovery voltage is normally expressed as
a percentage of the rated voltage (3.5). For loads more than rated, recovery voltage is limited by saturation and
exciter-regulator field forcing capability.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-614:2016, 614-01-27, modified — The symbol and Note 1 to entry have been added.]
3.9
range of voltage setting
ΔUs
range of possible upward and downward adjustment of voltage at a.c. generator terminals at rated
frequency, for all loads between no-load and rated output (3.1)

Note 1 to entry:  ∆Us = ∆Us ,up + ∆Us ,do

Us ,up −Ur
∆Us ,up = ⋅100 %
Ur
Us ,do −Ur
∆Us ,do = ⋅100 %
Ur
where

ΔUs,up is the upward range of voltage setting;

ΔUs,do is the downward range of voltage setting;

Us,up is the upward adjustable limit for voltage settings, expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples;

Us,do is the downward adjustable limit for voltage settings, expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multi-
ples.

Note 2 to entry: ΔUs is expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage (3.5).

Note  3  to entry:  Special controllable excitation equipment can provide a range of voltage adjustment for
asynchronous generators.

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ISO 8528-3:2020(E)


3.10
steady-state voltage tolerance band
ΔU
agreed voltage band about the steady-state voltage that the voltage can reach within a given voltage
recovery time after load decrease (3.15) or voltage recovery time after load increase (3.16)

Ur
Note 1 to entry:  ∆U = 2⋅ ∆Ust ⋅ .
100
Note 2 to entry: ΔU is expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples.

3.11
steady-state voltage deviation
ΔUst
change in steady-state voltage for all load changes between no-load and rated output (3.1), considering
the influence of temperature but ignoring the effect of quadrature current compensation voltage droop

Ust ,max −Ust ,min

Note 1 to entry:  ∆Ust = ± ⋅100 %
2⋅Ur
where

Ust,max is the maximum steady-state voltage deviation, expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples;

Ust,min is the minimum steady-state voltage deviation, expressed in volts (V) or its decimal multiples.

Note 2 to entry: The initial set voltage is usually the rated voltage (3.5) but can be anywhere within the range of
voltage setting.

Note 3 to entry: ΔUst is expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage.

3.12
transient voltage drop
−
∆Udyn
maximum voltage drop, when the a.c. generator, driven at the rated speed (3.4) and at the rated voltage
(3.5) under normal excitation control, is switched onto a symmetrical load which absorbs a specified
current at the rated voltage (3.5) at a given power factor or range of power factors
Udyn ,min −Ur
− =
Note 1 to entry:  ∆Udyn ⋅100 %
Ur
where Udyn ,min is the minimum downward transient voltage on load increase, expressed in volts (V) or its
decimal multiples.
− is expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage.
Note 2 to entry:  ∆Udyn

Note 3 to entry: see Figure A.2.

3.13
transient voltage rise
+
∆Udyn
maximum voltage rise, when the a.c. generator, driven at the rated speed (3.4) and at the rated voltage
(3.5) under normal excitation control, has a sudden rejection of the rated output (3.1)
Udyn ,max −Ur
+ =
Note 1 to entry:  ∆Udyn ⋅100 %
Ur
where Udyn ,max is the maximum upward transient voltage on load decrease, expressed in volts (V) or its decimal
multiples.

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