DNP Ha-4

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HA – 4 :

**Discuss the functionality of Multi Band Routers.


Multi-band routers are wireless routers that use multiple bands of frequencies to provide
greater bandwidth and a wider range of coverage. These routers usually have two or more
radios, each of which is capable of operating on a different frequency. This allows the router
to connect to multiple devices on the same network using the best frequency for each
device. The multi-band router can also provide faster speeds and greater range than a
single-band router. Multi-band routers provide an advantage for households with multiple
devices that require a strong WiFi connection. They allow for simultaneous streaming and
gaming, and can provide better coverage for larger homes. Additionally, they are less likely
to experience bottlenecks or interference from other WiFi networks.

**List the essential steps involved in configuring a new server.


1. Install the Operating System: Choose the appropriate operating system for the server and
install it.
2. Configure Network Settings: Configure the server’s IP address, subnet mask, gateway,
and DNS settings.
3. Install Security Updates: Install the latest security patches and updates for the operating
system.
4. Install Necessary Services: Install the necessary services and applications on the server.
5. Configure Access Controls: Configure permissions and access controls for users and
applications.
6. Test the Server: Test the server to ensure that it is configured correctly and ready for
production use.
7. Monitor the Server: Monitor the server to ensure that it is running properly and responding

to requests.
**Explain the significance of IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards for wireless local area network (WLAN)
communication, which defines the operation of wireless networks that use the 802.11
protocols. It is the most widely used wireless networking standard in the world, and it
is used for everything from home and office networks to public Wi-Fi hotspots. IEEE
802.11 is important because it ensures that all compatible devices can communicate
with each other, regardless of manufacturer. It also enables a high level of network
security, which helps to protect user data and privacy.

** Discuss the concept of Wireless LANS.


Wireless LANs (WLANs) are wireless computer networks that use high-
frequency radio waves instead of cables for connecting the devices within a limited
area forming LAN (Local Area Network). Users connected by wireless LANs can move
around within this limited area such as home, school, campus, office building, railway
platform, etc.
Most WLANs are based upon the standard IEEE 802.11 standard or WiFi.

Components of WLANs

The components of WLAN architecture as laid down in IEEE 802.11 are −


 Stations (STA) − Stations comprises of all devices and equipment that are
connected to the wireless LAN. Each station has a wireless network interface
controller. A station can be of two types −
o Wireless Access Point (WAP or AP)
o Client
 Basic Service Set (BSS) − A basic service set is a group of stations
communicating at the physical layer level. BSS can be of two categories −
o Infrastructure BSS
o Independent BSS
 Extended Service Set (ESS) − It is a set of all connected BSS.
 Distribution System (DS) − It connects access points in ESS.

Types of WLANS

WLANs, as standardized by IEEE 802.11, operates in two basic modes,


infrastructure, and ad hoc mode.
 Infrastructure Mode − Mobile devices or clients connect to an access point
(AP) that in turn connects via a bridge to the LAN or Internet. The client transmits
frames to other clients via the AP.
 Ad Hoc Mode − Clients transmit frames directly to each other in a peer-to-peer
fashion.

Advantages of WLANs

 They provide clutter-free homes, offices and other networked places.


 The LANs are scalable in nature, i.e. devices may be added or removed from
the network at greater ease than wired LANs.
 The system is portable within the network coverage. Access to the network is
not bounded by the length of the cables.
 Installation and setup are much easier than wired counterparts.
 The equipment and setup costs are reduced.

Disadvantages of WLANs

 Since radio waves are used for communications, the signals are noisier with
more interference from nearby systems.
 Greater care is needed for encrypting information. Also, they are more prone to
errors. So, they require greater bandwidth than the wired LANs.
 WLANs are slower than wired LANs.
**Compare wired and wireless modems with respect to their functional parameters and usage

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