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F22 Cloud Overview

This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as a large pool of virtualized and dynamically scalable computing resources that can be accessed over the internet. It discusses key enabling technologies like virtualization and web services. It describes the different layers of cloud computing including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It also discusses different types of clouds such as public clouds, private clouds, and hybrid clouds. Finally, it provides examples of how cloud computing can be applied to content delivery networks and internet of things applications.

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20 views59 pages

F22 Cloud Overview

This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as a large pool of virtualized and dynamically scalable computing resources that can be accessed over the internet. It discusses key enabling technologies like virtualization and web services. It describes the different layers of cloud computing including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It also discusses different types of clouds such as public clouds, private clouds, and hybrid clouds. Finally, it provides examples of how cloud computing can be applied to content delivery networks and internet of things applications.

Uploaded by

wess
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Overview of Cloud Computing

Roch Glitho, PhD


Full Professor
Ericsson / ENCQOR-5G Senior Industrial Research Chair
Cloud and Edge Computing for 5G and Beyond
My URL - http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~glitho/
Overview of Cloud Computing

▪ Definition

▪ Enabling technologies

▪ Cloud Layers and types

▪ Beyond the functional challenges

▪ Concrete examples
▪ Cloud Based Content Delivery
▪ Cloud Based IoT
Definition
A definition

“ Clouds are a large pool of easily usable and accessible


virtualized resources (such as hardware, development platforms
and/or services). These resources can be dynamically
reconfigured to adjust to a variable load, allowing also for an
optimum resource utilization. This pool of resources is typically
exploited by a pay-per-use model in which guarantees are
offered by the infrastructure provider by means of customized
SLAs””
Reference [1]
1.L.M. Vaquero et al., A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition, ACM
SIGCOM Computer Review, January 2009
Better than a Definition

Identify the combination of characteristics that


make cloud computing a distinct paradigm. Some
examples:
▪ Multiple tenancy
▪ Scalability
▪ Elasticity
▪ Pay per use
▪ Appearance of infinite computing resource available on
demand
▪ Elimination of an upfront commitment by users
▪ Rapid service provisioning
Cloud Computing vs. other paradigms

▪ Cloud computing vs. peer to peer computing

▪ Cloud computing vs. grid computing


Enabling Technologies
Virtualization

Provides virtual resource from real resource (e.g.


hardware, storage, network) to ensure an
efficient usage of the real resource

- Key to several cloud distinctive characteristics,


e.g.
- Efficiency in resource usage
- Multiple tenancy
Virtualization

- Several approaches

- Machine virtualization

- Containerization

- Uni-kernel
Web Services

Web services
- Integration of hardware/software systems over
communication networks including Internet

Key enabler for:


▪ Rapid applications and services provisioning
Web Services

“The term Web Services refers to an architecture that allows


applications (on the Web) to talk to each other. Period.
End of statement”

Adam Bobsworth in ACM Queue, Vol1, No1


RESTful Web Services

▪ REST is a way to reunite the programmable web with


the human web.

▪ Relies on HTTP and inherits its advantages, mainly


▪ Addressability
▪ Unified interface
Cloud Layers
Cloud Layers
Software as a Service

Software as Services (SaaS): the tip of the iceberg (End-


user perspective)
Software as a
Service
Software as Services (SaaS): the tip of the iceberg (End- user
perspective)

Applications offered by service providers and residing in the cloud


▪ Pay per use basis
▪ Accessible by end-users (and eventually other applications)
▪ An example:
▪ Zoom video conferencing –
▪ Runs in:
▪ Oracle cloud infrastructure
▪ Amazon WS cloud infrastrcture
Platform as a Service

Platforms as a Service (PaaS): immersed part I ( End-


user perspective)
Platform as a Service

Platforms as a Service (PaaS): immersed part I (End-user


perspective)

▪ Platforms used for the development and management of the


applications offered as SaaS to end-users (and other
applications)
▪ Examples:
▪ Google Cloud Engine
▪ Cloud Foundry
Infrastructure as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): immersed part II:


End-user perspective)
Infrastructure as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): immersed part II: End-


user perspective)
Virtualized resources (e.g. CPU, memory, storage) used (on a pay
per use basis) by applications
▪ Generally accessible via Web service
▪ Amazon EC2
▪ Google cloud
▪ Oracle cloud
Layers
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): immersed part II: end-
user perspective)
Virtualized resources (e.g. CPU, memory, storage) used (on a pay
per use basis) by applications
▪ Generally accessible via Web service
▪ Amazon EC2
▪ Google cloud
▪ Oracle cloud
Infrastructure as a Service

Data centers:

- Virtual machines (VMs), containers and uni-kernels


running on servers

- Switches

- Data center gateways


Infrastructure as a Service
https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-
infrastructure/ (March 13, 2021)

Data centers:
Infrastructure as a Service
https://www.ibm.com/cloud/data-centers/
March 13, 2021
Cloud Types
Types of Clouds

Public cloud:

▪ Resources offered to the general public


▪ No initial capital investment required from the service providers
that wish to offer services using a public cloud
▪ Ex: Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) built on top of public storage
clouds
Types of Clouds

Public cloud:
▪ On the other hand:
▪ Less control over data, network and security
▪ In CDNs for instance there might be possibility of surrogate
servers in some countries due to the lack of coverage by
storage cloud
Types of Clouds

Private cloud:
▪ Exclusive use by a given organization
▪ Might be built and managed by the organization or
external providers
▪ High control over security, performance reliability and others
▪ However:
▪ Require high initial investment cost
Types of Clouds

Hybrid cloud:
▪ Combination of public and private cloud
▪ The “best” of the 2 worlds
▪ Tries to address the limitations of public and private clouds
▪ Key issue:
▪ Best split between public and private components
Types of Clouds

Virtual private clouds:


▪ Alternative for getting the “best” of the 2 worlds
▪ Runs on top of public clouds
▪ Leverages virtual private network technics to get more control over:
▪ Topology
▪ Security
▪ And others …
Beyond functional challenges /
characteristics
Beyond the Functional Challenges

Key functional challenges


▪ Multiple tenancy
▪ Scalability
▪ Elasticity
▪ Rapid provisioning of services and applications
▪ Pay per use

…
Beyond the Functional Challenges

Examples:
▪ Availability
▪ Which level of outage is acceptable ?
▪ Depend on users and / or applications
▪ An example of cloud with very stringent availability
requirement:
▪ Telco cloud
▪ For examples of outage of known cloud products (e.g.
Amazon S3, Google Apps Engine)

…
Beyond the Functional Challenges

Examples:
▪ Data lock in
▪ Most cloud products still rely on proprietary APIs /
protocols
▪ Interoperability and portability issues
▪ Numerous cloud standardization bodies are now tackling the
issues, eg.
▪ IEEE, ITU-T, NIST, DMTF (de jure)
▪ Open Stack, Cloud Foundry (de facto)

…
Beyond the Functional Challenges

Examples:
▪ Security
▪ Most cited objection against cloud adoption
▪ Security threats from inside the cloud and outside the cloud
▪ Primary mechanism used today:
▪ virtualization
▪ Prevent to some extent against users attacking each
other and users attacking the cloud infrastructure
thanks to isolation

…
:
Cloud Based – Content Delivery Networks
Cloud Based – Content Delivery
Content Delivery Networks:
Fundamentals
What are Content Delivery
Networks?
What are Content Delivery Networks?

Architectures (nodes, interfaces) + Algorithms for content life cycle


management

Content distribution
-Send content from their original sources to
the caches
Request routing
-Route end-user request for content to
content locations
Content acquisition/consumption
- Send content to end-user devices
What are Content Delivery Networks?
Architectures (nodes, interfaces) + Algorithms
Ultimate goal: Make trade offs between

End – User QoS / QoE, e.g


 Latency
 Video resolution

Cost, e.g.
 Cost for storing content in caches
 Network cost for content distribution / acquisition

-
Traditional Content
Delivery
Networks
(Architect
ure)
Traditional Content Delivery Networks
(Distinctive characteristics)

Traditional Web Technologies, e.g.


 Static resource allocation

Traditional Internet Technologies, e.g.


 Host centric routing, vs. content centric routing
Cloud Based - CDNs
What could Cloud CDN bring?

CDN goal: Trade offs between end-user QoS/QoE and cost

End-user QoS / QoE


 More flexibility in responding to end-user fluctuating demands
 Rapid provisioning of new value added services

Cost:
 Dynamic resource provisioning
 Pay per use
What could Cloud CDN
bring?
Cloud CDN
(A few emerging commercial products)
Cloud Based – IoT
Internet of Things: Fundamentals
Definition:

Things that cooperate in order to reach common objectives, e.g.


RFID tags
sensors
Actuators
Robots
Mobile phones
Characteristics

 Battery powered devices

 Might have to work many years without maintenance

 Might cover large geographical areas


Telecommunication Services Engineering Lab

Applications: General view (Reference 1)

52
A Case Study on the Integration of IoT and
Cloud
Use of Cloud Processing and Storage Power
C. Doukas and I. Maglogiannis, Managing Wearable Sensor
Data through Cloud Computing, 2011 Third International
Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science
Managing Wearable Data Through
Cloud
Managing Wearable Data Through
Cloud
Managing Wearable Data Through
Cloud
The End
.

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