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What Are The Difference Between DDL, DML and DCL Commands - Oracle FAQ

DDL commands are used to define the database structure and schema, including creating, altering, dropping, and renaming database objects. DML commands are used to manage data within schema objects, including selecting, inserting, updating, deleting data. DCL commands grant and revoke user privileges and access to the database. TCL commands manage transactions and changes made by DML, allowing grouping into logical transactions using commands like commit, rollback, and savepoint.

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100 views

What Are The Difference Between DDL, DML and DCL Commands - Oracle FAQ

DDL commands are used to define the database structure and schema, including creating, altering, dropping, and renaming database objects. DML commands are used to manage data within schema objects, including selecting, inserting, updating, deleting data. DCL commands grant and revoke user privileges and access to the database. TCL commands manage transactions and changes made by DML, allowing grouping into logical transactions using commands like commit, rollback, and savepoint.

Uploaded by

Sajid Umar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/12/2016 What 

are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL commands? | Oracle FAQ

What are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL


commands?
Submitted by admin on Wed, 2004­08­04 13:49 

DDL

Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the
database structure or schema. Some examples:

CREATE ‐ to create objects in the database


ALTER ‐ alters the structure of the database
DROP ‐ delete objects from the database
TRUNCATE ‐ remove all records from a table,
including all spaces allocated for the records are
removed
COMMENT ‐ add comments to the data dictionary
RENAME ‐ rename an object

DML

Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:

SELECT ‐ retrieve data from the a database


INSERT ‐ insert data into a table
UPDATE ‐ updates existing data within a table
DELETE ‐ deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
MERGE ‐ UPSERT operation (insert or update)
CALL ‐ call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
EXPLAIN PLAN ‐ explain access path to data
LOCK TABLE ‐ control concurrency

DCL

Data Control Language (DCL) statements. Some examples:

GRANT ‐ gives user's access privileges to database


REVOKE ‐ withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

TCL

Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be
grouped together into logical transactions.

COMMIT ‐ save work done


SAVEPOINT ‐ identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back

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4/12/2016 What are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL commands? | Oracle FAQ

ROLLBACK ‐ restore database to original since the last COMMIT


SET TRANSACTION ‐ Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use

‹ SQL up

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